The article deals with the theoretical and applied aspects of the development of foreign trade relations of the Russian Federation with the post-Soviet countries in the context of the sanctions containment of the agro-industrial complex. It is substantiated that the sanctions pressure transforms the external economic environment of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, affecting not only the export of food, but also the import of critical resources, logistics, financial calculations, insurance, certification, and technological cooperation. Special attention is paid to the post-Soviet space as a priority direction for foreign trade adaptation of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which has the advantages of institutional proximity, transport connectivity, historically established production and sales ties, and the potential for integration interaction. It is shown that the development of trade with the EAEU and CIS countries should be considered not only as a way to expand sales markets, but also as a mechanism for ensuring food security, reducing dependence on unfriendly jurisdictions, forming alternative logistics routes, and transitioning to the export of products with higher added value. A conclusion is made about the need for comprehensive development of the foreign trade policy of the agro-industrial complex, including export, import substitution, regional cooperation, transport and logistics infrastructure, and sanctions-resistant financial mechanisms.
The article focuses on the formation and assessment of agricultural competitiveness in the EAEU member states. The authors analyzed international approaches to assessing the competitiveness of various countries' economies, particularly the methods used by the World Economic Forum and the International Institute for Management Development. The article proposes methodological approaches to analyzing the competitiveness of agriculture in the EAEU member states based on the comprehensive assessment and the calculation of an integral indicator that takes into account various factors and criteria. The authors identified seven groups of factors (macroeconomic conditions, the level of development of the agricultural sector, resource provision, finance, infrastructure, ecology, and science and innovation) that affect the level of competitiveness of the agricultural sector, which were characterized by 39 criteria. In order to identify long-term trends in the formation of agricultural competitiveness in the EAEU member states, the assessment was conducted for 2015 and 2024. The testing of the proposed methodology revealed that the maximum integral indicator of competitiveness was formed in the Republic of Belarus in both 2015 and 2024, with Russia taking second place and the Republic of Kazakhstan taking third place. Over the past 10 years, the integral indicator of competitiveness has decreased in three countries (the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia) and increased in two countries (the Republic of Belarus and the Kyrgyz Republic).
Agrarian reform in China required significant government financial outlays, as well as the attraction of private capital. This necessitated changes to the agricultural financing system to ensure agricultural development in line with changes in agricultural policy, aimed primarily at ensuring food security and increasing farm incomes. These changes primarily affected budget financing. Specifically, there was a gradual shift away from the previously used investment support model toward the active use of price regulation mechanisms and the encouragement of increased agricultural production. Currently, the bulk of state support for farms comes from market price support, which is achieved through both subsidies and various import policy measures. In 2024, this accounted for 73% of budgetary funds allocated to support agricultural production. The agricultural lending system has also undergone significant changes, primarily aimed at ensuring access to credit for agricultural producers and small rural businesses. Along with budget financing, farmer lending through specialized banks, financial companies, and credit cooperatives has become more widespread. The integration of insurance and other non-financial institutions into the rural financial system has improved resource allocation and contributed to rural revitalization and agricultural modernization. Currently, the agricultural financing system combines state and market regulatory mechanisms. External financing is an important channel for financing agriculture and the development of China's agro-industrial complex. China makes extensive use of the financial resources of the BRICS New Development Bank, attracting financial resources primarily for the development of transportation systems and rural infrastructure. China's financial policy for developing its agricultural sector has enabled China to become a leader in the global food market.
Agriculture is one of the key sectors of Indonesia's economy, with agricultural land accounting for about a third of the country's total territory. Indonesia is the world's largest producer and exporter of plantation crops such as palm oil and natural rubber. The country is also one of the five largest global producers and exporters of cocoa, coffee, rice and spices. For most Indonesians, agriculture remains a vital source of income. In 2024 the agricultural sector provided jobs for about 39 million residents, almost 29% of the total workforce of the country. However, despite its rich natural resources, Indonesia's agricultural sector still faces various structural challenges, such as limited land ownership rights, low access to technology and innovation for farmers, underdeveloped agricultural infrastructure, and dependence of agriculture on natural and climatic conditions. In addition, the modernization of agriculture is often hindered by the low level of education of farmers and the lack of sustained government support. Nevertheless, the widespread introduction of digitalization in the agricultural sector, the use of smart agriculture technologies and the development of digital agribusiness ecosystems open up opportunities to increase agricultural productivity and the well-being of farmers. The transformation in Indonesia's agricultural sector requires the development and implementation of effective agricultural policy measures aimed at supporting small farmers, rural development, access to finance and markets, which will be crucial in achieving long-term sustainability of agriculture and ensuring food security in the country.
This article explores the process of achieving technological leadership in the country's agricultural sector through domestic scientific solutions. This approach enables rational forecasting of development prospects for agricultural subsectors, taking into account market demands, and, consequently, the efficient allocation of financial resources in accordance with strategic priorities. Technological dominance in the agricultural sector is closely linked to expenditures on agricultural science, primarily R&D. The article examines the implementation of state programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex to overcome current shortages in the means of production. The key components of technological leadership in the domestic agro-industrial complex are revealed. The role of investment in the development of domestic scientific solutions and the industrialization of industrial production, aimed at producing high-tech products, is demonstrated. The main problems in scientific and technological support for the agricultural sector, including those associated with violations of the law of vertical integration, are revealed. The paper proposes key areas for adjusting the country's agricultural policy, focusing on personnel training, industrialization of industrial production, and the improvement of spatial policy aimed at a high level of consolidation of interregional and interdepartmental ties. Potential priorities for technological leadership in the Russian agro-industrial complex are developed based on domestic scientific solutions in areas such as plant breeding and seed production, biotechnology, providing agricultural producers with the necessary agricultural machinery, food and processing industries, and personnel training.
This article examines the efficiency of investment in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) in the context of digital transformation, which is becoming a critical factor in ensuring food security and competitiveness of the region in the context of global economic challenges and sanctions pressure. The analysis identifies key barriers to attracting investment, such as high loan interest rates, technological backwardness of enterprises, insufficient digital infrastructure, and the spatial fragmentation of agricultural lands, which is particularly relevant for the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions and the Altai Territory. Digitalization is viewed as the main driver for improving investment efficiency, capable of transforming the industry through the implementation of precision farming systems, IoT devices, and artificial intelligence. According to research, this can increase labor productivity by 20-25% and reduce costs by 15-20%. The paper proposes specific strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex, including diversifying funding sources (optimal structure: 50-60% equity, 20-30% loans, 15-20% government support), developing guarantee and risk insurance mechanisms, and forming clusters and public-private partnerships for the implementation of large-scale investment projects. The study's scientific novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to analyzing investment efficiency improvements, taking into account the regional characteristics of the Siberian Federal District and digital transformation, which allows for the adaptation of international experience to the specifics of Siberian regions with their harsh climate and low infrastructure density. The practical significance of the results lies in their potential use by government agencies to develop regional support programs for the agro-industrial complex, by investors to form a project portfolio taking into account state guarantees, and by agricultural enterprises to implement digital technologies and participate in cluster initiatives.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to understand the paradoxical situation in which the increase in state support for the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation is not accompanied by a proportional increase in the efficiency of the industry. While in some regions, budget investments are transformed into sustainable development and technological innovation, in others, they perpetuate a backward production structure, creating the phenomenon of "institutional subsidy traps." The purpose of this article is to identify and formalize the mechanisms of these traps, as well as to develop recommendations for overcoming them based on a comprehensive analysis of budgetary, accounting, and spatial factors of efficiency. The methodological framework of the study includes the method of analysis of the environment of functioning to assess the technical efficiency of the use of subsidies, the construction of an indicator of the degree of overestimation of plans, the development of an index of transparency of accounting, as well as econometric modeling of spatial effects using a spatial autoregressive model. The results of the study indicate that there is a stable inverse relationship between the amount of subsidies received and the return on their use, i.e. regions with the highest efficiency receive significantly less funds per hectare, but demonstrate a much higher increase in production compared to the outsiders. It has been revealed that more than half of the regions practice excessive overestimation of planned indicators, and in every fifth constituent entity of the Federation, the overestimation reaches critical values. A significant proportion of agricultural organizations reflect the subsidies received as "other income" without specifying the intended purpose, which makes it difficult to assess the actual effectiveness of budget expenditures. Spatial analysis has revealed significant positive effects, i.e., an increase in subsidies in neighboring regions leads to an increase in agricultural production in the region, and the presence of a cluster structure significantly enhances these effects. The study has proven that there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of "per hectare" subsidies and the dynamics of return on capital, which indicates the persistence of a backward technological structure in regions with a high share of current support. The study has also established that overcoming institutional traps requires a transition from a "cost subsidization" model to a "result subsidization" model, the harmonization of budgetary and accounting practices, and the strengthening of the role of independent performance audits.
The study aims to develop a scientific model for the development of wholesale and retail trade infrastructure for mineral fertilizers in Russia, ensuring a balanced distribution of growing production volumes between the domestic market and export deliveries in the face of external and internal turbulence. A significant discrepancy between the target indicators for increasing mineral fertilizer production and the current state of the transport and logistics infrastructure is revealed. Systemic constraints on infrastructure development are identified. A three-tiered logistics network architecture (federal, regional, and local levels) is proposed, and three scenarios for the development of trade infrastructure (inertial, technological breakthrough, and sanctions-restrictive) are developed, calculating the optimal parameters of the distribution network, the balance of transport modes, and sales channels for the period up to 2030. A combined strategy is substantiated, combining a phased transition from inertial development to digital transformation with redundant mechanisms for adaptation to negative external factors.
The article is devoted to improving the infrastructure of wholesale and retail trade in agricultural machinery and equipment, which ensures full satisfaction of consumer demand for agri food products. It analyses the state of production of such machinery and equipment in Russia, the presence of a dealer network supplying agricultural organizations with machinery and equipment, and the level of supply of these organizations. The article examines changes in the prices of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment for sale on the domestic market and the prices at which agricultural organizations purchase machinery and equipment, as well as the logistics links between manufacturers of machinery and equipment and the agricultural organizations that receive them. The main measures of state support for increasing the production of agricultural machinery and equipment, ensuring that agricultural organizations have access to it, and improving the logistics links between them have been identified.
In the current conditions of geopolitical tension and economic crisis, ensuring food security for both developed and developing countries is of particular importance. The supply of grain crops is a necessary element of economic and food security, which necessitates the search for alternative logistics routes for the supply of these products due to the imposition of sanctions on Russia, which is a key player in the global grain market. This article analyzes the main challenges faced by the global grain market in terms of grain transportation, the availability of necessary logistics infrastructure, and the quality of the supplied product. The paper also examines the factors that have a direct impact on the development of grain supply logistics, which are the imperative for their transformation. The article analyzes the key problems of grain transportation in exporting and importing countries and shows the main ways to solve them. Special attention is paid to promising tools for transforming the logistics of grain supply: diversifying export corridors, developing transport and logistics infrastructure, digitalizing supply chains, and implementing sustainable logistics principles. The authors conclude that successful adaptation of the logistics system is a critical factor in ensuring global food security and competitive advantage for exporting countries.