An assessment method is developed for the economic security of sustainable development of penal-system production institutions engaged in agro-industrial output. Conventional financial ratios do not reflect the dual economic and social function of these institutions, sector-specific biological risks, or the probability of interruption of critical processes. The method combines eight functional blocks and 32 indicators, four-zone threshold normalisation, a three-year trend adjustment, Fishburn expert ranking, information-entropy weighting, and weighted geometric aggregation. The integral score is supplemented by a non-compensatory cap and stop-events. A simulation test produced an index of 0.887 for a balanced profile. With one critical block, the unadjusted value of 0.829 was capped at 0.699, preventing favourable indicators in other subsystems from concealing a threat of production disruption. The novelty lies in integrating current condition, dynamics, and recovery capacity in a decomposable model and combining compensatory aggregation with hard critical constraints. The toolkit is intended for early warning, inter-institutional benchmarking, and evidence-based allocation of resources.
The article examines changes in the export of agricultural raw materials and food products from Russia to the main consumer countries over the period 2001-2024. A methodological approach has been developed to identify the main countries that import Russian agricultural products, and it has been found that over the entire period, a group of seven countries emerged, with a combined share of approximately half of Russia's agricultural exports in each of the three time periods. During the entire period under review, the other half of Russia's agricultural exports was formed by a decrease in the share of Ukraine and OECD countries, while the share of BRICS countries, the EAEU, and developing countries in Asia and Africa, which are primarily consumers of grain products, increased.
The key task of modern agriculture is the transformation of agricultural systems to ensure food security in the context of global changes. Bioeconomy is seen as a promising approach within the framework of sustainable development, which allows simultaneously achieving two goals. Firstly, to increase the economic efficiency of agriculture through the use of innovative solutions. Secondly, to reduce the anthropogenic pressure on agro-ecological systems. Bioeconomy is a developing field of research, while at the same time there is growing interest from states in implementing bioeconomic initiatives into the real sector of the economy. The article presents an analysis of the current state of bioeconomy application in agriculture of the studied region. Special attention is paid to the role of the state in promoting bioeconomic activities in crop production through the development, approval and implementation of relevant national strategies; creation of a regulatory framework for regulating bioeconomy; and the identification of promising areas of scientific research that contribute to ensuring a stable food supply to a rapidly growing region of the planet. The aim of the study is to explore the key areas of bioeconomic activity focused on addressing urgent food security problems in Sub-Saharan Africa with an emphasis on crop production and plant breeding. The research is based on analysis of Russian and foreign scientific publications from peer-reviewed journals as well as reports published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, African Union Development Agency, strategic documents of African states, and the Statistical Office of World Bank. The meaningful results of the study include the identification of core directions in the field of plant biotechnology and existing government initiatives to maintain agrobiodiversity and mechanisms for involving countries in the common continental agenda on food security. The findings of this study enrich current understanding of bioeconomic activities in Sub-Saharan African countries. This will be useful in developing joint Russian-African programs to advance breeding and seed production as well as create new biotechnological products.
The relevance of this research is driven by the fact that cooperation among the BRICS-10 countries in the fields of research, development, and innovation projects constitutes a critical factor for ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural sector amid current global challenges and the geopolitical stability of the intergovernmental union. The study substantiates the priority role of such collaboration within the frameworks of joint ownership and development models, as well as the formation of an integrated innovation ecosystem. An analysis of the level of technical and technological development among all BRICS-10 participants is presented, along with data on R&D funding in their respective economies. The study also assesses the personnel capacity (number of researchers per million inhabitants) in BRICS-10 countries in comparison with leading advanced nations. Additionally, the research includes ranking these countries according to the Global Innovation Index and determines the share of high-tech products in their export profiles relative to developed countries. Clustering of BRICS-10 nations based on the level of technical and technological development in the agricultural sector is performed. Examples of key joint projects in agricultural R&D and innovation are provided, alongside an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing forms of multilateral cooperation involving Russia. Promising avenues for collaboration are identified, including the development of sustainable and climate-adapted agro-ecosystems, digitalization and precision agriculture, biotechnology, alternative protein sources, cellular agriculture, intelligent agrologistics systems, the development of green technologies, and water resource management. A primary overarching conclusion is that the establishment of a unified (supranational) agricultural policy concerning R&D and innovation within BRICS-10 is currently impractical. The paper concludes by outlining priority areas for innovative activity, the implementation of which through bilateral and multilateral cooperation with BRICS-10 nations will enable Russia to realize significant strategic advantages.
The presented article is devoted to the study of state support measures for agriculture, ensuring the growth of its competitiveness. The current regulatory legal documents aimed at improving the competitive environment in economic sectors and the formation of effective commodity markets, as well as special measures of state support for agriculture aimed at ensuring the profitability of agricultural producers are presented. The key changes in government support measures for the current year are presented, including a new federal project aimed at developing small agribusiness. The structure of federal budget expenditures within the framework of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets is analyzed. It was noted that despite the fact that the volume of state support in recent years has shown positive dynamics, there is a decrease in the economic efficiency of farmers and a decrease in their competitiveness. This is due to a number of negative trends: an acceleration in the rate of inflation, a multiple increase in prices for purchased means of production ("cost inflation"), high interest rates on credit resources, and continued import dependence on individual means of production. In these circumstances, additional measures are required to improve state support for the agricultural sector of the economy. It is emphasized that in order to ensure economic growth rates at least below the global average, it will be necessary to expand the production of highly competitive products and change the structure of foreign trade in favor of exporting higher-grade agricultural products. At the same time, increasing competitiveness should be based on increasing labor productivity through the development of its own scientific and technological base, the introduction of modern technologies and digital solutions.
This article examines the role of tax regulation as an institutional factor in the competitiveness of agricultural organizations. Based on international and Russian research, it is shown that taxes affect not only the amount of costs, but also investments, technological modernization, industry structure, cash flows, and business sustainability. Using the proposed methodological approach to assessing the impact of taxes on the competitiveness of organizations, the tax burden of 79 regions was calculated and grouped according to three criteria: regions with a low, average, and above average tax burden. For each group of regions, a relationship was identified between the tax burden and competitiveness indicators, including the agricultural production index, revenue, profit, profitability, wages, depreciation of fixed assets, employment, the share of unprofitable organizations, and labor productivity. The relationship revealed that the competitiveness of agriculture is enhanced not by simple tax reduction, but by tax regulation through a long-term development mechanism: predictable rules, targeted benefits, investment incentives, reduced administrative risks, and an ongoing assessment of the results of tax support. Based on the conducted research, recommendations were formulated for adjusting the tax system to increase the competitiveness of agriculture.
In the context of accelerated digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex, the development of scientifically based approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of projects for the implementation of robotic solutions is of particular importance. The increasing technological complexity of production processes, high levels of biological and climatic risks, as well as the need to increase productivity and sustainability of agricultural production determine the relevance of recommendations that correctly and comprehensively take into account the economic, operational, technological, institutional and other effects and limitations of robotics. The aim of the study is to develop such recommendations, taking into account industry specifics, the risks of agricultural production, the technical risks of robotic systems and the impact of government support measures. The research methodology is based on the use of systemic, risk-oriented, institutional approaches, as well as economic and mathematical methods, methods of rationing and expert assessment, and the formation of an integral performance indicator. The results obtained include the identification of the specifics of projects for the implementation of robotic solutions for agriculture, the classification of risks of agro-industrial production and the method of their implementation in cash flows, the development of an integral performance indicator model based on weighted criteria, as well as an example of a practical calculation of project effectiveness in crop production, taking into account government support measures. It is shown that the use of risk-adjusted cash flows significantly increases the accuracy of investment estimates, and the use of an integral efficiency indicator allows comparing robotic solutions and prioritizing their implementation. The research results can be used by agribusiness organizations, investment structures, developers of agricultural robots and government authorities to justify the selection and evaluation of the effectiveness of robotics projects.
This article examines strategic development directions for the country's agri-food sector. It analyzes current regulatory documents defining agricultural policy. Regarding investment stimulation, it identifies a set of measures influencing investment development, highlighting the most promising for the agricultural sector. The paper also identifies and substantiates current challenges and threats affecting the sustainable and dynamic development of the agri-food sector. A comparative analysis of indicators characterizing the dynamics of economic development in the agri-food sector (production growth, export volumes, investment, and gross value added) in the Unified Plan for Achieving National Development Goals and the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial and Fisheries Complexes revealed discrepancies in target indicators. A comparison of planned rates of production and investment growth in the agri-food sector with actual values for the corresponding previous periods revealed that the actual indicators exceeded the planned ones. The author analyzes the main factors influencing investment development: producer profitability, government support for the industry, and lending. A set of measures is proposed to boost investment activity. It emphasizes the critical importance of setting ambitious goals and developing appropriate systemic solutions to increase production and investment in the agricultural sector, enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of the agrifood sector, so that the domestic agrifood sector can sustainably and dynamically grow for years to come, rather than abandoning the currently stagnant approach to development.
This study examines the assessment and forecasting of the investment attractiveness of Russian agro-industrial complex securities. This topic is relevant due to the need to improve approaches to investment analysis of agro-industrial complex securities and the growing importance of the stock market as an alternative source of financing in the context of limited access to external borrowing and tightening bank lending conditions. The paper proposes a combined assessment methodology that combines an analysis of the financial condition of issuers and the market performance of their shares using specially developed industry criteria. Using the example of six companies listed on the Moscow Exchange in the agriculture and food industry sector (PJSC RusAgro, PJSC NKHP, PJSC Cherkizovo, PJSC Krasny Oktyabr, PJSC Inarktika, and PJSC Abrau-Durso), an integrated assessment of their investment attractiveness was conducted. The study's results revealed the heterogeneity of the market position of companies' securities, identifying the most attractive investment segments based on dividend and capitalization growth strategies, as well as segments with high risks or low returns. The medium-term forecast indicates continued differentiation, with macroeconomic conditions and issuers' ability to maintain financial stability and a predictable dividend policy having a key impact on investment attractiveness.
This article, based on a summary of scientific literature and an analysis of existing government support mechanisms, substantiates the need to transition from general subsidies to a selective innovation policy in Russia's agro-industrial complex. Key barriers to technology transfer, human resources, and infrastructural limitations hindering the implementation of scientific developments are identified. Taking into account changes to subsidy rules from 2026, priority areas for government support are formulated, including stimulating demand for innovation through increasing coefficients, supporting comprehensive full-cycle projects, developing innovation infrastructure, human resources, import-substituting developments, mandatory public project review, and others. Implementation of the proposed measures is aimed at creating a holistic innovation system, bridging the gap between science and production, and achieving technological sovereignty in the agro-industrial complex.