The article presents the results of the conducted study of the evolution of the competitive environment of the global nitrogen fertilizer market. Based on the application of an integrated approach, which provides for the simultaneous use of several evaluation indicators, the level of concentration of this segment of the mineral fertilizer market is characterized, the presence of a dominant group of suppliers is determined. The results indicate a high level of competition in the nitrogen fertilizer market and a low degree of its concentration. At the same time, the fact of the presence of a hierarchy of key participants with a stable composition of the alpha-player group capable of influencing the formation of the volumes of global fertilizer supply is established. Special attention in the article is paid to the analysis of existing barriers to entry into the market and its dominant segment for new players.
In modern conditions, it is critically important to ensure the food security of the Union State. There is a favorable basis for this: the existence of food security doctrines, the development and implementation of numerous joint programs in the agricultural sector, and active mutual trade in agri-food products. At the same time, there are a number of problems related to the level of economic accessibility of food and the availability of sufficient means of production for each branch of the agro-industrial complex of the Union State. In addition, there is a potential for the development of mutual trade in agri-food products, the production of high-value-added products and their promotion to the markets of friendly countries.
The article updates the strategic role of research devoted to the problems of increasing the level of production and consumption of domestic dairy products as part of the implementation of the import substitution strategy. Current trends in the production and consumption of high-quality dairy products in the Russian Federation and Bashkortostan are analyzed in detail. Based on the content analysis, the main problems that directly impede the increase in the level of production of high-quality dairy products in Bashkortostan were identified. The importance of mandatory compliance with the requirements of technical regulations for the production and sale of dairy products is emphasized. The article discusses a separate urgent problem of the quality of produced and imported cheap vegetable oils, palm oil, used in the production of domestic dairy products. The authors concluded that the volume of state support for dairy producers is insufficient and summarizes that for the successful implementation of the strategy of intensive development of dairy farms, additional investments and financial resources are necessary. The role of personal subsidiary plots in providing the population of Bashkortostan with high-quality agri-food products is emphasized.
The land potential of the North Caucasus Economic Region (SKER) is characterized by a fairly high level of fertility, while there is a significant influence of negative factors in land use, which are enhanced by the peculiarities of the geographical location and type of relief of its individual subjects, as well as natural resources, ecological and economic and unstable agro-climatic conditions. SKER has significant areas of particularly valuable productive agricultural land and is one of the largest producers of crop production in the country, determining the need to develop competent management solutions to preserve the integrity of resources and ensure an increase in returns from agricultural production. The article considers especially valuable productive agricultural lands according to their degree of suitability and productive value, identifies the main directions of problems in ensuring their safety and use. The fundamentals of the formation of the gradation of agricultural land values are analyzed. The implementation of value-semantic management is aimed at regulating the use of especially valuable agricultural lands for the purpose of their preservation and reproduction.
The purpose of the study is to analyse the process of formation of environmental mentality of students in the system of higher education. The relevance of the problem lies in the urgent need to form environmental psychology and environmental consciousness of young people, the reflection of which is the mentality, in general, and environmental mentality, in particular. Based on the comparison of different definitions in the interpretation of the categories "mentality" and "ecological mentality" existing in modern science, the article reveals theoretical and methodological aspects related to the need to develop a universal (generally accepted) understanding of these categories and their normative and legal codification. The most promising directions of further scientific research in the field of environmental mentality, in particular, related to the solution of the problem of reformatting the issues of consumption in the direction of its rational limitation, conditioned by the specific state of the modern environment, are noted. The authors have formulated and proposed recommendations in the field of more effective formation of environmental mentality of modern students, including in the field of modernisation of the modern normative-legislative base of the system of environmental education in Russian higher education, transition from the "environmental concept" to the concept of "reproduction of nature", expansion of the practice of using immersive learning (education), which involves immersion of students in the studied environmental content (situation), their active assimilation and learning of the environmental content (situation).
The financial condition and performance of business entities is largely determined by the influence of factors of the external market environment. Therefore, the development of a model of the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and quantitative characteristics of financial and economic activities of enterprises and organizations is important. Quantitative measurement of the interaction of microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators will make it possible to predict and timely prevent possible negative phenomena in the conditions of individual producers in the event of a possible deterioration in the market situation. In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks have been solved: In the course of the study, the method of correlation and regression analysis was used in the development of a model of the dependence of microeconomic indicators on external market characteristics, as well as the method of analytical alignment of the dynamics series in predicting the values of the effective indicator of the regression model. The most significant influence on the dynamics of the current liquidity ratio of sunflower oil producers is exerted by the value of the export price, as well as the level of consumption of sunflower oil per capita.
The article analyzes the current state and trends in the development of the horticulture sub-sector in Russia. The dynamics of the main indicators of its development (the total area of perennial plantations, gross harvest, yield, distribution of fruit and berry production by federal districts and categories of farms) is given. During the analyzed years 2010-2023, the production of fruits and berries increased by 95 percent. The level of self-sufficiency in fruits increased from 26.7% to 47.2%. Despite these positive trends, there remains a risk of not achieving the established indicators of the Food Security Doctrine, which is due to the persistence of urgent sectoral and technical and technological problems, which are expressed by a lag in breeding work, insufficiency of domestic gardening equipment, digitalization of production. At the same time, at the present stage, it is possible to note certain successes of domestic scientists in the development of new intensive varieties, increasing the share of local seedlings in the total volume of perennial plantations, and the production of plant protection and nutrition products is actively developing. The priority directions of the development of the sub-sector focused on increasing the supply of fruits and berries of domestic production are substantiated: rational use of production resources, intensive agrotechnologies, high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties of domestic breeding, improvement of breeding work, development of a product storage base, consumer cooperation and integration of technologically interconnected spheres of agro-industrial production, expansion of state support measures
The article examines the main trends and prospects for the development of the Russian meat market in the context of nine structural changes in the world market. The study analyzed the indicators of the meat market: the volume and structure of production and consumption, as well as changes in the proportions of international trade. In recent years, there have been structural changes in the production and consumption of meat and meat products. The growing global demand for meat and meat products is mainly due to the intensification of livestock production. Currently in Russia the trend of growth in production of meat and meat products continues with a significant reduction in imports. This was facilitated by measures taken by the state to support the agro-industrial complex. The current situation on the global meat market and its development trends give reason to believe that the prospects for expanding Russia’s presence in already developed markets and entering new markets are real. Increasing export volumes and diversifying markets will require significant investments in increasing production and logistics capacities. To build export potential and increase competitiveness in international markets, economic entities need to stimulate the development of innovative processes, ensure that additional requirements of importers are met, and develop new methods and approaches to managing innovative development.
The article presents the results of research of nursery farms activity by CVP-analysis. The comparison of formation of the profit report by the traditional approach and method of margin income is shown. The forms of annual accounting of organizations are used. Nursery farms refer to OKVED activities 01.24 "Cultivation of powdered and bony crops" and 01.25 "Cultivation of other fruit trees, shrubs and nuts". Financial sustainability and solvency were unsatisfactory compared to the standards. With the drop in revenue, the profit margin decreases. The decline in revenue by 10% worsens the financial condition of the organization – a decrease in margin income to 23.7%. The potential for increased production efficiency is the use of new methods of intensive gardens, which increase yields and standardize fruits while reducing production costs. CVP-analysis allows cattery organizations to identify topical directions for optimization of production, to make the transition to intensive technologies, by introducing into the technological process modern technical means, perspective varieties, Unified technology and production of products in a given quantitative and qualitative volume for the purpose of rational use of resources and achieving the optimal level of profitability
The viticulture and wine industry of the Republic of the Dagestan occupies a leading place at the all-Russian level. In this regard, the program for the development of viticulture in the republic pays great attention to improving the structure of plantations. The solution of this problem will be facilitated by the practical implementation of scientific achievements in improving the grape assortment, the introduction of highly productive varieties adapted to regional climate changes that meet the requirements of modern cultivation technologies. The strategy of creating an adapted assortment should ensure the competitiveness of viticultural and wine-making enterprises, further increase production, increase economic efficiency through improved organization and remuneration, reduce cost and increase profitability. The economic efficiency of cultivation depends on the adaptability of the grape variety to the specific soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth.