The relevance of the topic is due to the need to move from reactive to preventive management of environmental factors in the operations of agricultural enterprises in the Central Black Earth Region in the context of stricter legislation, market requirements and growing ESG risks. The problem is that existing approaches to environmental safety are fragmented and formal, and the institution of internal control and reporting in this area is underdeveloped, which does not allow for a systematic management of cumulative environmental risks. The aim of the work is to develop a practice-oriented model and methodological recommendations for the implementation of an internal audit and reporting system for managing environmental risks in the operations of an agricultural enterprise. The research methodology is based on a systems approach, analysis of industry practice and scientific literature. As a result, the key problem is substantiated - the lack of routine procedures for monitoring and controlling environmental risks integrated into the operational circuit. A holistic model has been developed, including: 1) a cyclical algorithm of internal audit, tied to technological operations and the collection of objective evidence; 2) a compact management dashboard format consolidating environmental and economic indicators; 3) procedures for integrating audit findings and reporting data into operational meetings and budget planning. It is demonstrated that the implementation of the model transforms environmental monitoring into a tool for improving operational efficiency, mitigating financial and reputational risks, and creating the foundation for long-term sustainability. Key finding: effective environmental risk management is achieved not by creating a separate system, but by integrating environmental parameters into the company's existing management framework.
In the context of the restructuring of world economic ties, the strategic diversification of Russian exports requires gaining stable positions in markets where environmental, social and corporate management factors (hereinafter – ESG) evolve from voluntary norms into imperative requirements and turn from recommendatory principles into mandatory conditions for admission to product markets. The countries of the Persian Gulf, implementing large-scale modernization within the framework of national strategies (Saudi Vision 2030, UAE Net Zero 2050), are a clear example of the formation of a new quality demand driven by the principles of sustainable development. This study offers a comprehensive scientific and practical approach aimed at overcoming the key contradiction between the traditional parameters of competitiveness of Russian agricultural exports and the imperative of compliance with the rapidly tightening ESG standards of the region. The work solves three interrelated tasks: conducting a comparative analysis of ESG requirements of the Persian Gulf countries with the construction of a hierarchical model of regulatory impact; development of a multi-level diagnostic tool to assess ESG compliance with a focus on operational maturity, carbon footprint of value chains and market specificity; formulation of recommendations for creating a system of verification and mutual recognition of ESG data to minimize transaction costs. The result is an integrated roadmap for adaptation, transforming ESG compliance into a source of long-term competitive advantage for Russian agricultural exports in the Persian Gulf markets.
For producers of agricultural products, raw materials, and food, the issue of effectively organizing the distribution process is crucial, as the dispersed nature and relatively small production volumes limit the income potential of value chain participants. Consumer cooperatives are an integral part of the agri-food system, increasing market access for small producers and other participants in the agri-food supply chain. Consumer cooperatives have always been involved in the procurement of local food products, creating new distribution channels, thereby optimizing product costs through shorter supply chains. Consumer cooperatives still own the physical structures involved in the distribution system: receiving and procurement centers, stores, catering establishments, and processing plants. The multi-sectoral structure of consumer cooperatives allows for not only commercial activities but also the fulfillment of social needs, supplying residents of hard-to-reach and remote communities.
Under increasing geo-economic uncertainty and institutional transformation, international contractual relations in the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) have acquired strategic importance. Contract incompleteness, high asset specificity, and sanctions-related constraints intensify opportunistic risks and require institutional design of sustainable cooperation models. The study applies an interdisciplinary approach based on institutional theory and incomplete contract theory. A dynamic structural adaptation model is developed to forecast institutional shifts, incorporating profitability, institutional risk, transaction costs, state support, and asset specificity. The model is implemented through a discrete replicator dynamic with calibrated sensitivity parameters. Four institutional models of international contracting are identified and compared: export-oriented raw-material model, technologically dependent contracts, joint investment projects, and alternative jurisdiction model. Utility calculations demonstrate the dominance of the export-oriented model, while joint investment projects show the highest long-term development potential. Scenario analysis indicates that increased sanctions strengthen alternative jurisdictions, whereas expanded state support stimulates cooperative and higher value-added forms of contracting. The findings suggest a gradual institutional shift from raw-material specialization toward more complex cooperative forms, contingent upon active state policy. The evolution of international contractual relations in the Russian AIC is driven not only by market conditions but primarily by institutional design and risk allocation mechanisms under contract incompleteness.
The article is devoted to the issues of statistical forecasting of the development of the dairy subcomplex in the North-Western Federal District (hereinafter NWFD) in the medium term. Using the exponential smoothing method, the Holt method, as well as autoregressive forecasting, we economically justified various scenarios for the dynamics of the main production indicators in dairy cattle breeding in the Northwestern Federal District. As a result of using statistically significant mathematical models, it was revealed that milk production volumes will grow at a relatively slow pace. The main problem of the dairy subcomplex of the Northwestern Federal District is the reduction of livestock, which at the moment can be compensated by a significant increase in animal productivity. We have concluded that the main characteristic of dairy cattle breeding in the Northwestern Federal District is the intensification of production, which for many years has been implemented primarily through the use of innovative technologies and production automation.
The importance of improving the quality of grain products to ensure food security and technological independence of the country is justified; it is important to identify the causes of the decline in quality and develop measures to solve this problem. The authors focus on the application of an integrated approach to improving the quality of grain in Russia. The article identifies both traditional factors affecting the quality of grain in the Central Black Earth Region (CHR) (natural and climatic conditions, agrotechnical measures, market conditions), and new ones, primarily related to climate change, sanctions pressure, the lag of the Russian Federation in innovative development from the level of developed agrarian countries. The main reasons for the decline in grain quality in the Central District were identified, including: violation of cultivation technologies (lack of fertilizers); reduction of fertilized sown areas; extremely small sizes of areas where soil protection agricultural technologies are used; violation of scientifically substantiated terms of variety exchange and variety renewal; reduction of grain class and deterioration of food grain quality on this basis; underdevelopment of the innovative institutional environment of the grain seed market; significant lag of Russian breeding achievements and domestic seed production from the world level in competitiveness and commercialization. It is noted that quality improvement, being a complex complex task, requires a system of measures, as well as monitoring and monitoring its condition at all stages of grain production and storage. Av-tors reveal the main areas that contribute to improving the quality of grain: improving the regulatory framework, accelerated innovative development of the industry and the introduction of new technologies, supporting the industry from various sources of financing, introducing new educational programs.
The article discusses theoretical approaches to increasing the adaptability of agro-industrial enterprises in the digitalization of the economy. The authors present an algorithm for calculating the integral indicator of the share of specialists with digital competencies for the five studied segments of the agroindustrial complex. A factorial model of forecasting the need for specialists with digital competencies has been developed, which takes into account the level of digitalization of agricultural enterprises, innovation activity, as well as personnel training for selected segments of the agro-industrial complex. A scale of expert assessment of the importance of investments in enterprise digitalization has been developed. The results of the model testing at three industrial enterprises of the Novosibirsk region with a forecast planning period from 2026 to 2030 are presented. For small and microenterprises in the region, the creation of inter-district Centers for digital support of agribusiness has been proposed, their estimated economic efficiency has been assessed, and proposals for a comprehensive program designed to attract specialists with digital competencies to work in these Centers have been presented.
Forecasting the development of any food market, including the alcoholic beverages market, requires a comprehensive analysis of potential trends and threats in a constantly changing market environment under increasing government regulation. Furthermore, the alcohol market is an indicator of a region's socioeconomic development, influenced not only by general economic factors (inflation, demographics, employment) but also by specific regulators (excise taxes, minimum retail prices, and government regulation). This article presents a comprehensive study of the alcoholic beverages market in the Belgorod Region using mathematical modeling methods. The aim of the study is to forecast the development of the regional alcoholic beverages market by analyzing current trends and constructing trend models. The key findings demonstrate mixed market dynamics: a gradual decline in vodka production in the region is projected, while beer sales continue to grow. Changes in consumer preferences are identified, with an emphasis on price, manufacturer, and region of production. The presented forecasts can be useful in formulating regional policy for the Belgorod Region regarding alcohol market regulation and planning the activities of enterprises in the industry.
The relevance of this study stems from the need to increase the impact of state support for agriculture in the context of limited budgetary resources and growing external challenges. Although the volume of financial support has demonstrated steady growth in recent years, the question of the most effective support instruments—subsidies or tax breaks – remains open. A comparative analysis of these measures is complicated by differences in the mechanisms for their provision, accounting, and impact on farm economic behavior. Meanwhile, choosing an effective instrument is of strategic importance for developing a sustainable and competitive agricultural system. The problem lies in the lack of a systematic comparison of the impact of subsidies and tax breaks on key performance indicators, including production volumes, employment levels, profitability, and investment activity. Support is predominantly duplicative or unbalanced, which reduces its aggregate effect. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of subsidies and tax breaks on agricultural development based on an analysis of regional statistics. The methods used include comparative analysis and correlation and regression modeling for 2022-2024 across 82 regions of Russia. The results showed that subsidies for integrated regional development have a more pronounced short-term impact on production growth, with a 1 million ruble increase leading to a 12.2 million ruble increase in output. Tax incentives, meanwhile, contribute to improved profitability. A 1% increase in the share of farms receiving preferential special tax regimes, such as the single agricultural tax, leads to a 4.43% increase in profitability and a reduction in costs. Conclusion: A combination of both instruments, tailored to regional specifics, enables balanced and sustainable agricultural development.
Territories with special economic regimes have a special legal status relative to the main part of the Country, which provides tax and customs privileges for domestic and foreign companies. They serve as an effective tool for managing regions and their economic growth, justifying the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence and history of the formation of territories with special economic regimes. The subject of the study is the economic relations of economic entities operating within these territories, while the objects themselves are the territories of Russia and abroad. A set of scientific cognition methods was used, including comparison, economic and logical analyses. The main difficulties of managing territories and their functioning include the uncertainty of goal setting, the instability of legal regulation, ignoring the Specifics of the regional economy and geography. The constraints remain bureaucratization, financial barriers, low-skilled personnel, and weak investor protection. Solving the problems requires optimizing the management of territories with special economic regimes, developing infrastructure, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, standardizing rental conditions, and training qualified workers. Despite the existing obstacles, territories with special economic regimes contribute to the influx of investments and the growth of regional prosperity.