Food security is an integral component of Russia's national security, ensuring its economic sovereignty and social stability. In the context of current global and domestic challenges, the consideration of the need to update the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia becomes especially relevant. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the areas of improvement of the Doctrine of Food Security and justify the normative indicators of its implementation. Based on the data of Rosstat and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, a brief analysis of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine is made and the main problems hindering the development of food security in Russia are formulated. Actualization of the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia undoubtedly opens new prospects and opportunities for the Russian agricultural sector, thus setting the course for long-term and sustainable development of domestic agriculture and food sphere. It is not only about increasing self-sufficiency and security of the country in the food sector, but also about the possibility of becoming one of the leaders of the world agricultural market through the effective use of its own resources and innovative technologies.
Attracting investments gives companies additional competitive advantages and is a powerful tool for ensuring business growth and development. Increasing the company's investment attractiveness ensures efficient operation, promotes sustainable business development, allows it to update and increase production volumes, improve and expand the material and technical base of its activities, thereby increasing the company's competitiveness. Also, investments allow you to diversify production by opening new types of activities that are innovative. The authors note that, in addition to internal factors that influence the investment attractiveness of a company, the level of government support for business in this industry, the investment climate and the economic situation of the country and a specific region also influence. In this study, the authors focused on the analysis of the company’s financial indicators, since we consider this to be the basic criterion in assessing investment attractiveness, which is used by many studies. An analysis was carried out of the financial condition of Agrofirm Svoboda CJSC relative to similar commercial organizations in the industry and the Russian Federation as a whole. This made it possible to remove almost all the subjectivity of the company’s investment attractiveness.
The article examines trends in the development of fruit growing in the Russia and the regions of the Volga Federal District over a long period of time. In the context of the import substitution policy, the development of domestic production of fruits and berries is an urgent challenge for agriculture. The research methodology is presented by methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of groupings, methods of analyzing time series – building trends. As a result of the grouping, the regions of the Volga Federal District are divided into three groups based on the area of fruit and berry plantings per capita. An analysis of fruit growing indicators for each group was carried out, and recommendations were developed. The presence of a clear trend in the gross harvest of fruits and berries and the production of fruit products per capita in the Russian Federation for 1995-2023 indicates that certain measures are being taken at the state level to develop the fruit growing industry, and there are also territories with favorable natural and climatic conditions. conditions for the production of fruits and berries with enterprises specializing in fruit growing, personal subsidiary plots and farms. The insufficiently favorable natural and climatic conditions of some regions of the Volga Federal District for a number of fruit and berry crops, their significant differentiation, and the lack of effective programs for the development of the industry have led to the absence of a clear trend, requiring a focus on the development of fruit growing. At the level of the Republic of Bashkortostan, it is necessary to draw up a project/program for the development of the fruit growing industry, the development of a trade infrastructure for the sale of produced fruits and berries by the population. Directions for further research have been identified.
The development of the Russian farming sector in recent years has been characterized by two opposite trends: on the one hand, farmers are increasing production volumes, on the other hand, the number of farms is decreasing. Their consolidation has become a steady trend. The lack of a systematic analysis of the conditions of resource availability of various groups of farms creates the erroneous opinion that all farms are developing successfully. Meanwhile, significant results have been achieved by an exceptionally small group of large farms, and small farms are reducing production or curtailing their activities. As a potential for the development of small agribusiness, the resource base of large commodity personal subsidiary farms is proposed, among which groups are identified that actually have signs of entrepreneurial activity (systematic income generation, commodity character of production), which allows them to be considered as subjects prepared to acquire the status of a farmer. The factors of development of small farms and large private subsidiary farms, for which the increase in profitability is directly related to the possibility of producing organic products on ecologically clean land, are evaluated.
The purpose of the scientific research is the management of agglomerations in the form of associations in rural areas, the functioning of which is associated with the development of the agglomeration movement, which must be constantly improved at the state, economic and economic levels and the level of local government. The functioning of agglomerations is carried out by means of observing the norms, rights and interests of all participants in the agglomeration association, with the implementation of interrelations and interactions related to industrial, economic and social processes. The modern development and management of agglomerations in the form of an association in rural areas should be characterized by certain types of interactions, that is, the effective formation of all resource potentials, financing of production and economic cycles and social programs, technical and technological modernization, cultural and motivational relations, as well as the introduction of a set of measures related to increasing the level of manageability of an agglomeration association. When forming the management structure of agglomerations in the form of an association, the powers of the economic and economic management body of a rural settlement, a municipality and a subject of Russia have been developed.
The constant rise in food prices on the planet and the increase in the number of hungry people in developing countries are largely due to food speculation and a huge army of resellers and intermediaries both in the world and in our country. In Russia, the number of intermediaries increased after the destruction of the ill-conceived accelerated privatization of the former planned gross structure of the agro-industrial complex of the USSR, its single food (grain, potato, meat, dairy, etc.) and non-food (linen, cotton, wool, etc.) subcomplexes consisting of 3 organically interconnected spheres that were organizationally, technologically and economically formed for many decades, this led to the rupture of unified technological chains and the emergence of many private (autonomous) enterprises (links) and entire industries unrelated to each other and consumers of final products. As a result, intermediaries and merchants who made profits without much effort turned out to be the winners, and producers, consumers and the state bear losses every year. As you know, the agro-industrial complex of the Russia, like any national economic complex (NHK), includes 3 main areas: 1 – industries producing and supplying means of production for agriculture and other related branches of the agro–industrial complex; 2 – agricultural production itself (LPH, KFH, agricultural enterprises, etc.); 3 - industries for storage, processing and delivery of final agricultural products to the consumer. Agro-industrial complex (as well as other NHCs serving it) should be a balanced and proportionate interconnected technological and organized economic system focused on the production of high-quality end products with the lowest possible cost and maximum profit.
In this article, an integrated approach to assessing the influence of external and internal factors on the balance of meat and milk in the regions of the Siberian Federal District from the perspective of rational norms is tested. The paper uses a two-stage methodological approach based on the consistent application of computational and constructive methods of economic analysis (economic coefficients and correlation). As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the factors characterizing the overall performance of the agro-industrial complex of the Siberian regions (financial and natural) are significantly inferior in importance to infrastructural, marketing and social factors, while the unprofitability of individual agricultural producers is successfully offset by factors determining increased demand for food. Also, factors characterizing the transport capabilities of regional agricultural producers to deliver food to consumers, primarily by road, play a significant role in maintaining the balance of meat and milk. The data obtained in the course of the study can be used by the management offices of the regional agro-industrial complex of Siberia to make management decisions on the further development of regional meat and dairy complexes, taking into account the specifics of each of the regions of the Siberian Federal District and to develop the most cost-effective and effective measures in this area.
The Siberian Scientific Agricultural Library is a branch of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SibSAL), it is an important component of the infrastructure for information support of scientific research, preserving the purpose of the information center of Siberian agricultural science. Based on systematic scientific research, the purpose of which is to form the conceptual foundations for the development of the academic library of the agricultural profile in a dynamically changing scientific environment, the SibSAL has created a mechanism for effective interaction of the library with scientific organizations of the agricultural profile of the region. The article aims to identify some of the dominant trends in the development of the branch academic library, embedded in library technology, and dynamically developing on the basis of strategic priorities of agricultural science at the present time. The results of research on the process of completing the library fund - the most important and fundamental part of the functioning of the library on the basis of a unique system for forming a fund of sectoral agricultural literature by replenishing the fund with a mandatory departmental copy are shown. The technology created by SibSAL for the formation of electronic resources of its own generation, based on in-depth indexing of current receipts of documents, providing acceleration and accuracy of information search for consumers, is also analyzed.
The article examines the issue of ensuring the interregional competitiveness of human capital in the agricultural sector by level of wages based on data from the regions of the Siberian Federal District. It is shown that the level of wages is an important factor determining the attractiveness of work in the agricultural sector, especially for young professionals. An assessment is made of the ratio of the average wage for economic activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" to the average wage in the region for the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The calculation of the competitiveness index by labor price in general and for the activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" for the regions of the Siberian Federal District is carried out. It was found that for all the analyzed regions, there was an increase in the ratio of wages of workers by economic activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" to the average for the region. Despite the growth, wages in the agricultural sector remained below the regional average. According to the competitiveness index for labor prices by type of economic activity "Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing, and fish farming", significant differentiation is noted among the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The gap from the leading region for half of them is more than 40% at the end of the period, while for the rest it is more than 20%.
The article discusses current problems of human capital development in agricultural production. The main emphasis in the study is aimed at considering the fiscal factor as a stimulating development of this issue. Tax preferences are analyzed in two directions: as an incentive for the development of individual entrepreneurship in agricultural production, and as an encouragement to increase wages for employees of agricultural organizations through the use of reduced insurance rates on wages. This article identifies a high fiscal burden as a barrier to the development of human capital in agricultural production. The relationship between these two factors: human capital and taxes is determined by the amount of income and the size of the withdrawal of part of it by the state in the form of taxes. The article analyzes existing tax preferences and their relevance and popularity in application by entrepreneurs. The focus is on two special tax regimes: the Profession Tax and the Patent Tax System. For observation were used data from reports of the Federal Tax Service of Russia for a number of years. Separate articles of the Tax Code and regulatory acts of the Russian constituent entities are analyzed. The article proposes alternative solutions to the problem of expanding the availability of tax preferences in each of the designated areas.