The state of the earth's ecological systems is characterized by a growing level of anthropogenic pollution. Currently, in the agro-industrial complex of the country, the problems of fundamental improvement of the ecological environment are of paramount importance for the production of environmentally safe agricultural products and products of processing agricultural raw materials. The article presents modern concepts of the efficiency of agricultural production as a system that includes production and technological efficiency, economic, social and environmental efficiency. The factors of production and ways of interaction of agricultural production with elements of ecological systems are described. The necessity of an optimization approach for the introduction of an ecocentric paradigm of agricultural development is substantiated. The criteria of environmental efficiency and the corresponding system of indicators are presented.
The article examines the compliance of the approaches to disclosure in corporate reporting used by organizations of the country's agro-industrial complex with the recommendations of the new standard of public business capital. The purpose of the study is to determine the readiness of agro-industrial complex organizations to apply this standard. The research methodology is based on a content analysis of corporate reporting by AIC organizations and an analysis of the conceptual foundations of the standard of public capital of business. As a result of the study, gaps in disclosure were identified due to the appearance in the standard of completely new social indicators in terms of presentation in corporate reporting. In particular, the standard proposes to disclose information on such indicators as: the average number of children under the age of 6 per employee, the average number of children per employee, the share of parents with many children from the total number of employees, the share of employees in a registered marriage, which were previously not disclosed. The content of the reporting principles formulated in the standard was determined. A correlation was established between standard's indicators characterizing the environmental and social aspects of activities and the indicators reflecting the participation of organizations in improving the well-being of society and the strategic development of the Russia. The absence or insufficient disclosure on the contribution to the achievement of national goals in the corporate reporting of AIC organizations was revealed. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of developing proactive actions by agro-industrial complex organizations in a new cycle of the corporate reporting process in order to level the identified shortcomings.
In the context of increasing volatility in global food markets, the issue of studying the causes of the emergence and conditions for the sustainability of excess profits in agriculture is becoming particularly relevant.. The article clarifies the concept of “excess profit” as income that significantly (by 25% or more) exceeds the average market level of EBIT margin profitability necessary to maintain operating activities. The structural causes of excess profits in agriculture are examined using global markets as an example. The impact of price shocks, the role of regulatory decisions, and the mechanisms for obtaining monopoly rents are analyzed. The goal of the study is to identify and characterize the structural causes of limited excess profits by agricultural organizations using global markets as an example, to provide a quantitative assessment, and to develop recommendations for managing excess profits while taking into account the interests of all participants in the agricultural economy. The study utilized methods such as a comparative analysis of statistical data, a case study of successful agricultural market regulation practices, and a systems approach to studying the interrelations between the causes of excess profits. The study's results allowed us to quantify and identify the causes of limited excess profit generation (price shocks, regulatory decisions, monopoly rent) taking into account the level of economic development of countries; identify differences in the mechanisms for accumulating excess profits in developed, developing, and market economies; and propose a set of measures to equalize the distribution of excess profits through government regulation, antitrust policy, and innovation incentives. The findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and enhance the sustainability of food systems at the national and global levels.
The scientific article is devoted to the study of the state regional agrarian policy aimed at the technical and technological modernization of agricultural production management, which outlines a number of conceptual directions in some areas of development, functioning and achievements in the field of the digital economy of the subject of Russia. At the present stage, this can be achieved through the use of effective and comprehensive measures and mechanisms related to production, economic, social and household activities based on a combination of market self-regulation and public administration. The work pays great attention to the state agrarian policy in the field of information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence and machine learning, strategies for the spatial development of regional agriculture and rural areas, ensuring technological sovereignty, and the formation of an improved agricultural production management system.
In the context of transforming consumer demand, strengthening state regulation, and implementing import substitution policies, studying the structural changes in the Russian Federation's alcohol market is particularly relevant for assessing its sustainability and justifying the directions of state industry policy. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the Russian alcohol market from 2018 to 2025 based on an analysis of production, shipment, and sales indicators for the main categories of alcoholic beverages. It proposes a methodological approach for assessing the market's state using self-sufficiency and sales coefficients, which allow determining the extent to which domestic production meets domestic demand and the efficiency of product distribution. The typology of product segments based on the level of self-sufficiency and sales efficiency has been performed, and a map of the state of the alcohol market has been developed, reflecting the position of individual categories in terms of market stability. It has been revealed that the most stable segments are those of beer, beer drinks, vodka, cider, pauage, and mead, while the markets for cognac, wine products, and certain types of grape-based beverages remain scarce and dependent on external sources of supply. It has been established that the structural transformation of the market is caused by institutional, production, consumer, and economic factors and is accompanied by the development of high-value-added segments, the premiumization of consumption, and increased product differentiation.
This article explores new solutions and methods for organizing potato breeding and seed production. The article highlights the high importance of this crop for household consumption and as a raw material for industry, which allows it to be classified as a strategic crop. Potato production in agricultural organizations across the country for the period from 2018 to 2025 is examined. The federal project "Creating Conditions for the Development of Scientific Research in Breeding and Genetics" and the subprogram "Development of Potato Breeding and Seed Production" of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for Agricultural Development for 2017-2030 (hereinafter referred to as the FSTP) are aimed at overcoming the current shortages of seed potatoes. According to this subprogram, it was planned to achieve 50% substitution of imported elite seed material by 2025. However, in 2024, these targets were revised downwards. In the new version, this percentage of import substitution is planned only by 2030. Moreover, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture proposes amending the Federal Scientific and Technical Program, reducing the percentage of domestic seeds. According to the document, the level of self-sufficiency in potato seeds was to be 10.5% in 2025, 11% in 2026, 11.5% in 2027, 12% in 2028, 12.5% in 2029, and 35% in 2030. An analysis of the level of funding for the Federal Scientific and Technical Program during the first years of its implementation reveals that instead of the planned 3,107,926.9 thousand rubles, only 1,298,314.7 thousand rubles were allocated from the federal budget in 2018, and in 2019, instead of 3,048,981 thousand rubles, only 1,298,314.7 thousand rubles were allocated. – 1,180,283.5 thousand rubles, in 2020 – 3,057,733 thousand rubles against 1,397,092.9 thousand rubles according to the initial passport. That is, crop production received a more than 2-fold shortfall in financial resources, which naturally affected the implementation of the Potato Subprogram. Only in 2018-2025, work began on the creation of breeding and seed production centers in various regions of Russia as part of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program. By the 2025 sowing season, 33 potato varieties were registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements (hereinafter referred to as the State Register) approved for use in Russia, 28 of which were domestic. By the 2026 sowing season, 566 varieties were registered in the State Register, 163 of which were registered in the period 2018-2025. During the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program (as of March 25, 2026), 292 active license agreements were registered in the registry. As of January 1, 2025, Russia's self-sufficiency in domestically bred potato seeds reached 9 percent. Varieties intended for industrial processing play a special role in potato breeding and seed production, and domestically bred varieties are unacceptably few in number. Production integration enables the development of not only processing plants but also the agricultural sector, ensuring stable demand for products. This paper proposes a set of measures to improve the organizational and economic framework for developing breeding and seed production in crop production, which will reduce dependence on foreign producers for seed material.
This article examines the current status and key development trends of organic agriculture in Russia. Despite significant potential, Russia's position in the global organic market remains weak. This is due to a combination of institutional, infrastructural, and market constraints that require a systematic approach to overcome. The article identifies competitive advantages of the domestic organic sector compared to global leaders, including favorable natural and climatic conditions, extensive ecologically clean land, a price premium for certified products, and a growing consumer trend toward healthy eating. A systematization of barriers hindering the development of this sector revealed a number of critical factors, such as underdeveloped certification and logistics infrastructure, the high cost of organic certification, limited domestic demand, technological lag, and increased investment risks during the transition period. This requires a comprehensive approach, including government intervention and support. Based on the differentiation of regions by organic producer density, groups were identified that differ in the range of natural and economic conditions, enabling the identification of factors determining the development of organic production. A summary of the results of the factor analysis allowed us to substantiate a system of competitive advantages that shape the competitive potential of Russian organic agriculture. It was established that soil and climatic conditions serve as the basic prerequisite, while the greatest stimulating effect is exerted by infrastructure availability, innovative and technological development, and the solvency of the population, which shapes domestic demand.
The Republic of Buryatia, located in the south-eastern part of Siberia, presents a substantial potential for sheep farming development owing to the diversity of its natural landscapes, a specific climatic regime that enables year-round open grazing, and historically established traditions of small ruminant husbandry among indigenous peoples. Sheep farming remains one of the structurally significant sectors of the regional agro-industrial complex: it provides employment in rural areas, supports family farms, generates revenue from the export of meat and wool products, and helps preserve the unique ecosystem of the Buryat steppes. The predominance of meat-wool and coarse-wool breeds-most notably the Buryat «Buubey» breed and the Transbaikal fine-wool Buryat type-reflects the adaptive capacity of regional livestock selection to the specific natural and economic conditions of the region. The research focus of this paper is determined by converging negative trends observed in the industry: a reduction in breed diversity, a consistent decline in the production of high-quality wool, a structural shift among producers from wool-oriented to meat or dual-purpose operations, and a weakening of the sector's investment attractiveness, particularly from the perspective of youth employment in rural areas. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of sheep farming in the Republic of Buryatia, to identify the key systemic problems constraining the industry's development, and to substantiate the most promising directions for its sustainable growth within the framework of regional agro-industrial policy.
The article addresses the problem of formalizing expert knowledge to support managerial decision-making in the agro-industrial complex under qualitative uncertainty. A methodology for assessing workforce potential adaptability was developed based on the synthesis of frame-based knowledge representation and fuzzy logical inference. The scientific novelty lies in integrating a mechanism for assessing the economic feasibility of uncertainty reduction into strategic human resources management. Results include an algorithm for aggregating descriptive management functions and a methodology for calculating the integral adaptability indicator. Empirical validation confirmed the model's capacity to differentiate strategic workforce resilience levels. Theoretical significance consists in bridging the gap between qualitative knowledge ontologies and quantitative uncertainty processing instruments. Practical value is determined by the possibility of formulating adaptive human capital development strategies under sanction pressure.
The relevance of the topic is driven by the need to develop spatially sensitive and multidimensional tools for assessing the sustainable development of rural territories at the municipal level, which go beyond aggregated regional approaches and narrowly economic metrics. The problem statement is linked to the absence of balanced methodologies that account for the interaction of agro-economic performance, socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, and amenities. This complicates the typologization of territories and strategic planning in the context of intra-regional differentiation and external shocks. The research aim is to develop and test an Integral Index of Sustainable Rural Development, based on a systemic approach and utilizing official municipal statistics. The methods involve synthesizing three equally weighted sub-indices (Agro-Economic Performance; Socio-Economic Conditions and Infrastructure; Amenities) via the geometric mean, which prevents compensation of weak indicators by strong ones, in the spirit of the "strong" sustainability principle. Empirical testing was conducted on municipalities of Saratov Oblast using averaged data from 2019-2024. The dynamics of the consolidated regional index show a nonlinear but overall positive trend, reflecting phases of moderate growth, stagnation under the influence of external shocks, and recovery. Key findings highlight the advantages of the Integral Index of Sustainable Rural Development over production-centric and reductionist models: the index integrates into the scientific discourse as a tool for monitoring, planning, and prioritizing interventions within national and regional strategies, ensuring a balanced assessment of sustainability across key dimensions.