The purpose of this study is to scientifically substantiate the system of indicators for assessing human capital in agriculture. In the modern economy, human capital plays a key role in achieving competitive advantage and sustainable development of organizations and even countries. The system of human capital assessment indicators allows for a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the use of labor resources, their development, potential, as well as their determining factors. In this regard, special importance is attached to the definition and measurement of qualitative and quantitative aspects, which requires a deep understanding and application of appropriate techniques and tools. Human capital assessment is designed to quantify and evaluate the contribution of each employee to achieving the overall goals of the organization, industry or the economy as a whole. It is the measurement of human capital that makes it possible to develop a strategy for investing in education, healthcare, training and staff development, which, in turn, contributes to productivity growth and economic progress
The state and prospects for the development of continuing education in rural areas are currently in the sphere of attention of the state and society in many countries of the world, and are the subject of discussions among scientists, managers and teachers. The modern village, which finds itself in the center of socio – economic and socio – cultural problems, must respond to the challenges of the information society, since the stability of the situation and development of not only education itself, but also the rural territory depends on it. The article presents the essence of the concept of continuing education and ways to implement it through formal, informal and informal education. Some problems related to the implementation of lifelong learning in rural areas through online learning are considered and a proposal is formulated aimed at increasing the accessibility of distance learning for residents of rural areas. One of the promising directions for the development of human resources in the agro – industrial complex through the creation of agroclasses is highlighted and analyzed. It is proposed to consider the directions of the implementation of lifelong education of a particular person in the horizontal and vertical planes, the characteristic of the links of lifelong education in rural areas is given. Statistical and analytical data were studied to give a more specific idea of the features of lifelong education in rural areas.
The article examines the organizational aspects of the formation and development of cooperatives in the agrarian sector of Denmark; outlines the main prerequisites and driving forces for the creation and development of cooperatives, historical features of the construction of the cooperative system. An assessment is given of the advantages of cooperatives in Denmark in comparison with farms and enterprises of other organizational and legal forms. The current state of cooperatives is analyzed, their positions in the market and international competitiveness are assessed. Particular attention is paid to the problems of foreign investment in the Danish cooperative sector, as well as the internationalization of the activities of agrarian cooperatives.
The mechanism of realization of the economic interests of the rural population is considered as a complex of interrelated subsystems that combine structural, functional and supporting elements and use special tools and methods of managing the processes of creating optimal living conditions for the population. The rationale for the improvement of this mechanism is carried out along two trajectories: firstly: through the modernization of the supporting elements (regulatory support system, state control, budget system, social security systems, health, education, public safety, infrastructure, engineering, information support); Secondly, by increasing the efficiency of using the means of performing functions by the structural elements of the mechanism (the state, regions, municipalities, business entities, rural settlements, public organizations and social groups). Special attention is paid to the issues of improving public policy as a tool for justifying the goals of society's development, an action program to ensure the achievement of these goals, the organization of processes of influence on all spheres of public life, the mechanism of interaction of subjects integrated into public space, the system of production and distribution of public goods in order to meet the needs of all members of society and ensure their consensus interests, formation of basic living conditions of citizens. The study of the possibilities of developing a mechanism for the realization of the economic interests of the rural population is based on the hypothesis that state policy pursued by federal, regional and municipal authorities forms system-wide conditions for the implementation of the functions of the mechanism for the realization of the economic interests of the rural population), and specific living conditions of individuals and opportunities for the realization of their interests are formed in localized spaces of economic entities and rural areas settlements.
The article considers some theoretical aspects of the dialectical relationship between reproduction and the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring extended reproduction. Attention is focused on the consideration of reproduction as a process of capital movement that transforms into various forms during the stage of production, exchange, distribution and is realized through the renewal of production capacities based on a constantly renewed influx of invested funds from various sources of investment financing in order to meet the ever-increasing material, cultural and spiritual needs of society. The approaches of various researchers to the essence of expanded reproduction are critically examined, the dialectical relationship between reproduction and the form of implementation of its organizational and economic mechanism is noted. The position is put forward on the expediency of adjusting the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring expanded reproduction as a tool for integrating the economy into world economic relations into the system of transformation and alignment of the intersectoral profit margin and eliminating the existing imbalances in the formation of added value and, accordingly, income at different stages of reproduction, when the profitability of agriculture is significantly inferior to the profitability of the wholesale link, processing and food industries, in the retail sector, including through the distribution and redistribution of the created land rent as a tool to ensure that the return on capital invested in material production exceeds the percentage of income from borrowed capital or credit.. The understanding of the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring expanded reproduction in the agro-industrial complex is presented. It is a complex system of interrelated organizational forms, institutional norms, institutions and interdependent price, financial, credit, insurance, tax and customs tariff and other economic instruments through which effective interaction of economic entities of the reproductive agricultural and agri-food chain is carried out.
The issues of development of legal regulation to ensure food security in the Union State are considered. It is noted that the convergence and unification of legislation in this area is one of the important areas of cooperation between the participating states, the success of which is inextricably linked with the formation of a unified agricultural policy. The article analyzes the main legislative acts adopted in the Union State related to the formation of a unified agricultural policy, which define the directions for the convergence of legislation in the agro-industrial complex of the participating states, including those directly related to ensuring food security. The main regulatory indicators outlined in the Food Security Doctrines of Russia and the Republic of Belarus are considered and some directions for their unification are proposed. Ensuring food security of the Union State is associated with an increase in mutual trade between the two countries based on improving customs policy, which is designed to promote the development of the legislative framework for the formation of a single customs space, the elimination of administrative barriers, ensuring reliable customs control at the external borders of the Union State and the unhindered movement of food products across the territory Union State.
he high social significance of the development of the agro-industrial complex is associated with the need to improve the quality of domestic food products and ensure independence from foreign producers of agricultural products, which determines the creation and use of fundamentally new highly efficient technologies. A new stage of technological development, which is directly related to the agricultural sector of the economy, determines the requirements for the transformation of agriculture into a high-tech competitive element of the food system. This, in turn, increases the need to intensify the introduction of innovations in all areas of the agro-industrial complex, and therefore the need for the development of scientific potential, the development and implementation of innovative technological solutions is being actualized. This formulation of the problem implies that the further innovative development of agriculture is closely interrelated with the development of appropriate biotechnologies, which become the driver of innovation
The article presents the results of joint research conducted by scientists from the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Agriculture and Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution RIAMA on the problem of interaction between science and agricultural production, presents the dynamics of financing of research work of scientific and educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia at the expense of the federal budget, and the results of R&D proposed for production in 2018-2022. An analysis of the scientific activities of educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia made it possible to identify a broad area of topics in their research work, which partially coincides with the previously identified demand for agricultural producers. In addition, the practical results of research carried out by educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia at the expense of the federal budget are shown, an analysis of behavioral statistics and readings of research materials on the website www.apknet.ru is carried out.
The scientific article evaluates the state of technical and technological support of agriculture in Russia. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the fleet of the main types of equipment and indicators of technical security of agricultural organizations in Russia is carried out. The trends in the dynamics of the acquisition of new agricultural machinery, including domestic production, as well as the dynamics of the write-off of agricultural machinery due to wear in agricultural organizations in Russia are revealed. A coefficient analysis of the dynamics of renewal, liquidation and consolidation of agricultural machinery in the agricultural business is carried out. Based on the assessment of trends in the dynamics of changes in the number of equipment supplied for repair in agricultural organizations in Russia, the volume of financial resources needed for the restoration of equipment was identified. The paper reveals the dynamics of changes in the availability of energy capacities in agricultural organizations in Russia, as well as changes in the supply of fuel volumes with simultaneous assessment of prices for fuel resources. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in average prices for certain types of agricultural machinery, measures of state support for the field of technical and technological support of agricultural production, as well as planned indicators of agricultural machinery production in Russia is carried out.
The paper examines the main approaches to assessing the efficiency of fertilizer use. It is noted that despite the presence of many studies devoted to this issue, the methodological component of assessing the efficiency of organic and mineral fertilizers at the regional level remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem and obtain substantiated results, the study proposes a comprehensive multi-level methodology for integral assessment, which involves taking into account organizational, economic, agro-technological and environmental conditions, as well as the state of the existing production base. Features of the use of organic and mineral fertilizers are considered in relation to 17 regions that are part of the Central Federal District. Based on the use of point assessment tools, an integral assessment of the specified subjects of the Russian Federation is given and they are distributed into groups differing in the characteristics of the level of efficiency and potential for the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. The conclusion is substantiated about the presence of significant interregional differentiation in the assessed indicator. It is noted that the results obtained can act as one of the tools for making management decisions in the field of ensuring the intensive development of the agricultural sector.