Although the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions has not been fully formed organizationally, it is still one of the largest diversified and key sectors of the country’s economy. However, its formation and development is a largely objective phenomenon, since the basis of the agro-industrial complex is intersectoral integration. Recently, with the support of the state in its various forms, the agro-industrial complex has become one of the main trends in economic development, even in extremely unfavorable macroeconomic conditions. Its positive performance results do not fully correspond to the presence of the country’s huge agrarian potential due to insufficient government support for actively attracting investments in fixed capital, primarily in agriculture, as the basic sector of the agro-industrial complex. In addition, instability and the continuing relatively low level of effective demand of the population remain a significant macroeconomic factor complicating the development of the agro-industrial complex and especially agriculture. At the same time, the level of state support for agriculture although it ensures relative success in its development, does not allow us to more actively solve systemic problems of development of the industry itself and especially rural territories, to apply not individual measures, but an integrated approach, relying primarily on the effective use of internal production resources, active attraction of investment volumes. To do this, it is necessary to implement a system of the most effective priority organizational and economic measures to improve innovation and investment activities in the agro-industrial complex and especially in agriculture, as the fundamental basis for ensuring the country's food security. At the same time, the state must provide priority to agriculture so that it becomes a general strategy for its development of a predominantly advancing rather than catching-up type, regardless of the presence of various types of internal and external risks, threats and challenges, as well as force majeure circumstances.
The characteristics of the state and trends in the development of the social infrastructure of the village, including its main components such as preschool and secondary general education, health care, cultural sphere, commercial and consumer services of the population are given. Conceptual approaches to the territorial organization of the provision of social services to the rural population and program-targeted provision of increasing their accessibility to residents of rural settlements are presented.
The successful functioning of the modern food market is ensured through the use of interconnected logistics approaches in a system of inter-industry relations. In practice, this system is manifested in the organization of systematic and separate flow operations that ensure multi-level movement of food products from the first level of rural economic entities (the source of origin) to the final consumer. Specific movement at each level is ensured by subjects of agro-product chains that are diverse in specialization and scale of activity - agricultural producers, organizations of transport, storage, food industry, wholesale and retail trade. Their interconnected and sequentially located set is grouped into agro-product chains. Since agro-product chains form the basis of agri-food markets, both in individual regions and the country as a whole, their successful development depends on the effectiveness of the entire set of economically related entities. The promotion of food products along food chains faces a number of serious problems at every stage of intersectoral relations; scientific justification for their solutions is currently the most important national economic task.
The analysis of the rural local economy is based on the multifunctionality of agriculture, the purpose of which is much broader than food production. In addition to ensuring national food security, this industry contributes to social control over vast territories, the maintenance of biodiversity, the preservation of folk traditions and the code of national identity and other. The principles of assessing the rural local economy have been developed, which allow taking into account the performance of numerous functions of agriculture in its comparison with large agribusiness. The fundamental difference between them is justified, which consists in the opposite attitude to land and other natural means of production, which in the first case is considered as an enduring wealth that needs to be preserved and passed on intact to its descendants, and in the second – as a means of profit. The principles are formulated and the sequence of development of the typology of forms of organization of rural local economy is determined.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the challenges facing the country and the need to achieve technological sovereignty in critical sectors of the economy. The article considers the theoretical aspects of the transfer of scientific developments, in particular, the need to apply a single definition to the term "transfer" is justified, the organizational aspects of building interaction along the "science-business" line are analyzed, and significant limitations in the implementation of this interaction are identified and a mechanism for leveling them is proposed.
The purpose of the work is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of various options for the sale of land plots from agricultural land in municipal or state ownership. Since land is one of the means of production and the basis for agriculture, the issue of transferring ownership of land will always remain relevant. According to the current legislation, the purchase and sale of land plots from agricultural land or their transfer to lease must be carried out through public auctions. However, due to the fact that the preparation and holding of the auction is a rather lengthy process, there are “exceptions to the rules” in the legislation - cases of granting land for agricultural production to the property or for rent without bidding, which in turn leads to a number of problems in the legal plane and law enforcement practice. The article gives a classification of options for the sale or lease of land plots owned by the state or municipality from agricultural land, taking into account the identified advantages and disadvantages, in particular, the measured transaction costs during the auction in terms of time costs and generalized gaps in the legal regulation of relations, related to the sale or lease of land plots without bidding. Substantiated proposals for improving the legislative regulation. Scope: the results of the study can be used in the work of scientific organizations, management bodies of the agro-industrial complex at the regional and municipal levels, agricultural producers.
Improving institutional conditions for the introduction of high-tech products and advanced production technologies in all sectors of the national economy, including in the agricultural and food complex, is an integral factor in ensuring food security and independence of the country. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of innovation and investment processes in the agri-food complex and to develop methods for stimulating sustainable development on an innovation basis at the federal and regional levels. The theoretical and methodological basis was the theory of institutional development, the concept of the triple helix and open innovation. During the research process, monographic, abstract-logical, analytical, economic-statistical, and expert research methods were used. An analysis was carried out and an assessment was made of the prospects for the development of innovation and investment processes based on the expansion of communication interaction between stakeholders. An empirical calculation was made of the dynamics of innovation and investment activity in agriculture and leading industries in 2017-2021. Contradictions and disproportions have been identified in terms of financing of agricultural science and the dynamics of agricultural production volumes. The results showed a certain dependence of indicators of innovation and investment activity on internal costs for research and development in agriculture, which predetermines the need to substantiate differentiated strategies for the distribution of state support funds in the agri-food complex. Measures have been proposed to increase the efficiency of communication interaction between participants in the innovation process using a system-functional approach and the mechanism of innovative system intermediation. The practical value of the results lies in the possibility of forming a strategy for innovation and investment development in the context of the introduction of innovative technologies and high-tech products as a vector of sustainable socio-economic development of Russia.
The presented article analyzes the price situation in the agro-food market of Russia. The balanced system of prices and price relations is the basis for the stable functioning of the economic mechanism. The authors revealed that in 2023, there was a multidirectional price dynamics in various areas of the agro-industrial complex, as well as in the consumer market. During the study period, prices of agricultural producers decreased by 2.5%, while producer prices in industry increased by 4.0%, in the food industry – by 2.0%, and consumer prices for food products – by 4.6 percent. The authors also considered the dynamics of prices for material means of production: mineral fertilizers, electricity, fuel. As measures to reduce the costs of agricultural producers, the authors propose: preferential tariffs for electricity, the abolition of the excise tax rate on gasoline and diesel fuel. The article emphasizes that increased attention should be paid to the prices of baby food products. The authors propose to include baby food in the list of goods, the prices of which are subject to regular monitoring by the state, to consider the possibility of including certain types of baby food in the list of socially significant essential goods for the possibility of limiting consumer prices in case of significant growth.
Ensuring the sustainability of the development of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy is possible only with an accelerated transition to an innovative path of its development, and one of the necessary for solving scientific and applied problems is the development of a universal mechanism for assessing the level of innovative development of business entities. This article discusses existing tools and approaches to assessing the level of innovative development of agricultural economic systems. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach that allows us to identify indicators of innovative development in the agricultural sector of the economy and conduct a qualitative assessment of their level of innovative development, taking into account industry specifics. The work used systems analysis tools, semantic, monographic and content analysis, carried out a continuous sampling and analyzed existing publications in the Scopus scientometric citation database containing the semantic field “Indicative assessment of innovations”. The proposed approach, based on a systematic approach in combination with technologies for working with big data, made it possible with a high degree of reliability to determine indicators of innovative development of business entities in the agricultural sector of the economy, as well as to monitor current trends in the development of the processes under study and, on their basis, to develop a methodology for assessing the level of innovative development.
The Russian mineral fertilizer market has been formed and is characterized by stable supply and demand. Currently it is represented by a number of large manufacturers. This allows us to classify it, according to the type of competitive situation, as a market of monopolistic competition tending to oligopoly. After an increase in indicators during 2018-2021 there was a decrease in the production volumes of mineral fertilizers in Russia in 2022-2023 compared to previous periods. This situation was largely a consequence of the impact of the imposed sanctions and emerging difficulties in the logistics and transportation of fertilizers. There is an increase in export volume in physical terms, as well as a change in the geography of supplies. Currently, Russia produces about 59 million tons of fertilizers in physical weight. There has been a steady trend of growth in purchases of mineral fertilizers on the domestic market and their application to crops by agricultural producers in Russia. However, due to the low solvency of Russian farmers and higher prices for fertilizers on the global market, about 2/3 of the mineral fertilizers produced in the country are exported. Despite the sanctions imposed by unfriendly countries against Russia, Russia occupies a significant place in the global fertilizer market. Russia acts as one of the largest suppliers of fertilizers and plays a significant role in ensuring global food security. The country accounts for about 12% of global fertilizer production. Russian exports are dominated by nitrogen and mixed fertilizers. The main Russian exports of mineral fertilizers are to Brazil, India, China, the USA and Turkey. A comprehensive analysis of the current state of production and consumption of fertilizers in Russia made it possible to identify the main development trends and features of the functioning of the mineral fertilizer market, and to outline the main directions for stimulating domestic demand for mineral fertilizers. It is noted that the Russian fertilizer industry has significant potential for growth.