TRANSFER OF BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS OF FIBRE CROPS INTO ECONOMIC PRACTICE AS A TIMELY TOOL FOR IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE SUB-INDUSTRY

Issue № 10, 2024, article № 7, pages 69-79

Section: Investment and innovation in agriculture

Language: Russian

Original language title: ТРАНСФЕР СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ ВОЛОКНИСТЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННУЮ ПРАКТИКУ КАК СВОЕВРЕМЕННЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В ПОДОТРАСЛИ

Keywords: IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, FLAX, FLAX STRAW, DOMESTIC SEEDS, SEED PRODUCTION, ELITE SEEDS, EFFICIENCY

Abstract: In 2022, as part of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030, the Subprogram "Development of breeding and seed production of industrial crops" was adopted, which provides for the development of sub-sectors for the production of fibrous crops based on the creation of new competitive varieties of domestic breeding, ensuring stable growth in the volume of fiber produced and the transfer of seeds of these crops into economic practice, development of the innovation potential of the sub-sector. The paper analyzes the level of production in these sub-sectors, and analyzes in detail the production of flax as the main fibrous crop. The analysis showed that the flax growing sub-sector during the analyzed period (2017-2022) not only did not develop, but stagnated. The acreage under flax has decreased by a third, and gross yields by 34 percent. Russia remains one of the leading countries in the world in terms of acreage of this crop, but produces only 3% of the world's long fiber volume. The quality of flax does not allow to obtain products that satisfy the textile industry, and therefore the production of flax-containing fabrics decreased from 21,806 thousand m2 in 2020 to 12,484 thousand m2 in 9 months of 2023. To obtain high-quality flax trusts, a large amount of agrotechnological work is required – compliance with crop rotations, the introduction of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers, the use of chemical plant protection products and, most importantly, high–quality seed material. According to experts, material costs of at least 35 thousand rubles per hectare of crops are required, and in 2022, in general, for all flax-growing farms, this figure was only 25 thousand, and the share of elite seeds in the cost of seed did not exceed 16.5 percent. In Russia, at the beginning of 2024, only 73 varieties of flax seeds were allowed to be used, of which 8 were of foreign selection. Variety exchange and variety renewal are necessary conditions for obtaining high–quality raw materials, but according to experts, more than half of farms have been using their own seeds for at least 10 years in a row. The paper proposes a number of measures for the further development of flax farming, in particular, at the state level it is necessary to take measures to support the sub-sector, and first of all, to subsidize the purchase of elite seeds as the basis for obtaining high-quality fiber. Due to the existing disparity in prices, it is also necessary to provide for the possibility of subsidizing the purchase of chemical protection products for flax and mineral fertilizers. Only a set of measures aimed at the development of this sub-sector will make it possible to increase the production of flax fiber for both the textile and military industries in a short time.

Authors: Nechaev Vasilii Ivanovich, Pisareva Liudmila Viacheslavovna, TSyplenkova Nataliia Vladimirovna