The article focuses on the assessment and concept of building a state agrarian policy for regional specialization of agricultural production in Russia. As a result of the conducted research, the specifics, content, and essence of the category of regional state agrarian policy specialization were identified, which should be considered from the perspective of its systemic influence on the location of agricultural production, taking into account the strategic goals of food security and the internal potential of the regions. The calculation and analysis of the average specialization coefficients in all regions of Russia was carried out, and the depth of specialization and production focus in the regions, as well as the levels of profitability of production with and without subsidiary support, were assessed. At the same time, the main types of commercial agricultural products in crop production and livestock production were identified. The presented goal and objectives, as well as the mechanism and tools for building and implementing the state agricultural policy of regional specialization of agricultural production, were presented.
The article reveals the high socio-economic importance of winemaking for the state economy. Against the background of global trends in the reduction of production and consumption of wine products, Russian winemaking is actively developing, receiving government support. The regions of southern Russia, which have a complex of favorable natural and climatic factors, valuable wine terroirs, and rich production traditions, make the greatest contribution to increasing the volume of domestic wine production. The purpose of the study is to reveal current trends and identify ways to develop winemaking in the Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts. A statistical analysis of the main indicators of the industry for 2017-2024, such as the dynamics of the area of perennial plantations and gross grape harvests, the volume of production, consumption and sales of wine products. The trends of increasing the area of perennial grape plantations in all regions of southern Russia, as well as the processes of regional specialization in the production of specific products, are revealed. The increase in the cost of wine-making products is due to a numerous set of factors and entails the transition of consumers to alternative cheaper categories of alcoholic beverages. There is an excess of the growth rate of wine production over the growth rate of sales, which leads to a decrease in profitability of sales, and consequently, to a narrowing of financial and investment opportunities of wine-making organizations. In the current situation, producers need to ensure improved product quality and safety, lower production costs through innovation-based modernization, and improved marketing tools for product promotion.
The article is devoted to the analysis of modern strategies and tools for the development of domestic livestock breeding in the context of the tasks of ensuring technological sovereignty and food security of the Russian Federation. The key problems of the industry, including high import dependence in the field of genetic resources, feed additives and technologies, are investigated on the basis of systemic and integration approaches. The paper considers in detail the mechanisms of state support within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture and the national project "Technological provision of food security". Using the example of practical cases – the creation and implementation of the domestic meat chicken cross "Smena 9", the implementation of genomic breeding programs in cattle breeding and the deployment of the Federal State Information and Analytical System of Breeding Resources (FGIAS PR) – the results achieved and the remaining systemic limitations are shown. It is concluded that it is necessary to move to a new integration model of development based on close cooperation between government, science and business, deep digitalization of processes and comprehensive solution of personnel problems in order to achieve long-term competitiveness and technological independence of the agro-industrial complex.
The article examines the role and interrelation of breeding and seed production within the system of agricultural crop reproduction, as well as systematizes the key factors shaping their development in both global and domestic practice. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of breeding and seed production in the agricultural crop reproduction system and to conduct a systematization of the factors that have had a decisive influence on their development. The research employs methods of systems analysis, generalization, and systematization to identify and structure key development factors. The empirical basis is formed through the analysis of scientific literature, regulatory and legal acts, and statistical data. Data comparison across various sources and expert assessments was applied to verify the findings. The study identifies the strategic importance of domestic breeding and seed production for national security and economic independence. The interrelation between breeding (development of new varieties) and seed production (their reproduction and distribution) is revealed and visually presented as components of a unified reproduction system. The key factors of industry development have been systematized. It is concluded that breakthrough changes result from the combination of government support, private investment, scientific achievements, and human capital development. The development of the breeding and seed production sector cannot be limited solely to import substitution; it must be aimed at forming a high-tech, knowledge-intensive, and export-oriented segment. The presented systematization of factors makes it possible to account for the combined influence of state regulation, private investment, scientific advances, and market trends, which is significant for shaping effective state policy and strategies for the agro-industrial complex.
This article examines the current state and development trends of the potato market in the context of global change. The dynamics of Russian potato production, export, and import are analyzed, revealing structural imbalances and the "paradox of plenty": an inverse relationship between the growth of gross harvests and export revenues. Using correlation and regression analysis, the impact of internal (gross harvest, prices) and external (exchange rate) factors on exports is quantified. Forecast trends for foreign trade development are substantiated, demonstrating that the reduction in imports is achieved through import substitution policies, while exports are declining, indicating Russia's loss of competitiveness. Strategic recommendations are formulated for the transition from an extensive to an intensive model focused on quality, processing, and supply diversification. The aim of this paper is to identify the functioning and development of the potato segment of the agrifood market in Russia and globally, as well as to identify and substantiate the key factors influencing the export of tuber crops from Russia. The study identified and quantified the inverse relationship between the gross potato harvest and the value of its exports. The system of factors determining the dynamics of export revenues was refined: weak sensitivity of exports to price fluctuations was demonstrated, and a moderate positive correlation with the US dollar exchange rate was established. Contrasting trends in the development of foreign trade operations were identified. A set of strategic recommendations was developed, aimed at transitioning from an extensive to an intensive model of potato farming development.
The relevance of this study is related to the need to assess the Northwestern Federal District's progress in achieving food security. The objective of the study is to identify problems hindering the macroregion's food self-sufficiency and to substantiate possible solutions. The authors analyze the development of the Northwestern Federal District's agro-industrial complex, find out changes in the macroregion's level of self-sufficiency in basic food products, and propose a number of recommendations aimed at stimulating the development of agro-industrial production. The authors point out that the macroregion's contribution to agricultural production in Russia is gradually increasing due to the active work of agricultural holdings in the livestock sector. However, a significant deficit of grain resources remains, and opportunities for the development of small and medium-sized businesses are deteriorating. The level of self-sufficiency in basic food products in the macroregion is slowly improving, as evidenced by the growth of the integral indicator to 0.5657. However, the gap from the target level characterizing the achievement of food security in the macro-region exceeds 38%. So it is recommended to use cluster models, to create an interregional venture fund, to launch a grant program to support aspiring entrepreneurs, to activate cooperation with representatives of other macro-regions.
The relevance of the research is determined by the need to ensure the sustainable development of domestic agriculture. Given the limited budget resources, one of the promising ways to meet this need is public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP) as a whole and its historically developed form – a concession agreement. This circumstance led to the formulation of the purpose of the study – the construction of an organizational model of a concession project in agriculture (hereinafter referred to as a concession agroproject) and the development of measures to form a developed practice of its application. The methodological basis of the research was analysis, synthesis, expert assessment, observation, modeling, and logical methods. The paper identifies the actual indicators, advantages, disadvantages and features of the use of the concession agreement in agriculture. The stakeholders of the concession agricultural project have been identified and a system of interaction between them has been built. Practical and methodological measures have been developed for the effective application of the organizational model of the concession agricultural project. The key conclusions of the work are, firstly, to indicate the participation of various institutional units in the implementation of concession agricultural projects, the central place among which is occupied by public and private partners, the population; and, secondly, to determine the leading role of state policy in the formation of a developed concession practice in agriculture aimed at providing the population with economic, social and environmental benefits. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of the scientific foundations of the implementation of the concession agricultural project, and the practical significance is related to the possibility of using the results obtained in the development and implementation of state policy aimed at the development of agriculture using PPP in the form of a concession agreement.
The article notes that the measures taken in the early 2000s. on the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, contributed to improving the situation with the provision of domestic food to the population. However, it is recognized that the model of the current agrarian policy, focused on monopolization of property and concentration of production, has been less effective than that practiced in China and some other countries, where the main producers in agriculture are family farms. Moreover, the bet on monopolism has become an obstacle to the withdrawal of rural areas from the crisis and the achievement of the state's strategic goals - ensuring the competitiveness of the economy and the quality of life of the population. It is shown that not only modern foreign, but also Russian historical experience confirms: ignoring the interests of the peasantry and other forms of small business contradicts the interests of society, including rural, hinders the development of rural areas and the country as a whole.
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the impact of human capital on labor productivity in agriculture of the Far Eastern Federal District. Based on panel data for 11 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District for 2018-2024 (77 observations) using the author's integrated human resources potential index (HRPI), which synthesizes the educational structure of employees, age balance and stability of the personnel composition, a nonlinear relationship between the state of human capital and labor productivity has been verified. The methodological basis was panel regressions with fixed effects and Hansen's threshold regression model. A threshold effect has been identified: when the HRPI value is below 0.45, the return on improving human capital parameters is statistically insignificant (p = 0.298), which is due to institutional barriers – weak transport connectivity and fragmentation of rural territories; when this threshold is exceeded, the impact of human capital on productivity becomes significant: an increase in HRPI by 0.01 is accompanied by an increase in labor productivity of 8.13 thousand rubles per employee. It has been established that the effect of improving the personnel composition manifests itself with a time lag of 1-2 years, which substantiates the need for a long-term planning horizon for personnel programs. The results obtained form an empirical basis for the differentiation of instruments of regional personnel policy in the agricultural sector, taking into account the threshold nature of human capital realization. The purpose of the study is to quantitatively assess the impact of human capital on labor productivity in agriculture of the Far Eastern Federal District regions based on econometric analysis of panel data, to identify threshold effects of its realization and to substantiate directions for differentiation of personnel policy taking into account the identified patterns
The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of a process model for occupational safety management at agricultural enterprises. The relevance of the study is due to the high degree of occupational injuries in agriculture associated with specific working conditions, seasonality of production, the use of technically sophisticated equipment and an insufficient level of consistency in occupational health and safety management. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate a process model for occupational safety management, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of the labor protection system at enterprises of the agro–industrial complex. The paper uses methods of system analysis, modeling, description of business processes, as well as comparative and economic analysis. Currently, traditional approaches to occupational safety management are predominantly functional and fragmented, which reduces their ability to achieve performance targets. The process approach proposed by the authors allows us to consider occupational safety at agricultural enterprises as an integrated managed business process that includes interrelated stages of hazard identification, risk assessment, planning and implementation of measures, control and corrective actions, which allows the paradigm to manage processes within the framework of the system paradigm. A process model of occupational safety management has been developed, including input parameters, basic and supporting processes, feedback mechanisms, and a system of performance indicators. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the developed model to improve occupational safety management systems at agricultural enterprises, reduce injury rates and increase the efficiency of production activities.