The article is devoted to the use of the Northern Sea Route's transport infrastructure to provide consumers in the central and northwestern regions of Russia with fish products produced in the Far East. The article analyzes the state of the elements of the logistics infrastructure of the Far East's fishing industry, as well as the main elements of the Northern Sea Route's transport infrastructure. The article examines the prospects for using the Northern Sea Route to transport fish and processed products from the Far East to the central and northwestern regions of Russia, taking into account the latest legal regulations. The main measures to improve the efficiency of fish products supplied from the Far East via the Northern Sea Route to the central and northwestern regions of Russia have been identified.
This study analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of the Russian milk and dairy products market infrastructure under the negative influence of external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, sanctions pressure and the transformation of marketing relations, including issues related to the functioning of the logistics market. The article analyzes the dynamics of retail turnover of various segments of the dairy market, as well as the impact of consumer demand on it. We have identified structural imbalances in the production and consumption of milk and dairy products between regions, which are caused by differences in the level of purchasing power of the population, consumer preferences and the state of the market infrastructure. It was determined that the organizations of the milk processing industry have significant reserves for increasing the production of a wide range of dairy products, since the technological capacities are loaded by no more than 57 percent. The analysis of the dynamics of the commissioning of new innovative production and technological facilities, which allowed us to justify the forecast, which showed a significant increase in the production of milk and dairy products.
In 2018-2025, the Russian alcohol market underwent significant structural changes due to the transformation of consumer preferences, increased government regulation, growth of the premium segment, and development of import substitution. The share of traditional vodka is gradually decreasing, while the segments of beer, wine, and sparkling wine, as well as craft and functional beverages, are growing. These processes are accompanied by the diversification of product offerings, the formation of a segmented consumption model, and an increase in the investment attractiveness of the industry. The analysis of production, import, and export dynamics allows us to identify key growth drivers and determine the impact of macroeconomic factors and government policies on market structure. This research is relevant for developing strategies for the development of industry enterprises, formulating government policies, and predicting economic effects.
The relevance of this study stems from the need to improve the stability and predictability of contractual relationships in fruit growing and viticulture, where the long investment cycle for establishing perennial plantings (3-5 years before fruiting, 10-12 years until full return on investment) creates increased risks of opportunistic behavior by counterparties. The problem lies in the lack of standardized contracts that take into account plant phenology and risk distribution, as well as the insufficient prevalence of long-term forms of cooperation with the processor's participation in investment costs. The aim of the study is to develop a theoretically substantiated and empirically verified model for optimizing contractual interactions in the perennial cropping segment using fruit growing and viticulture as an example. The research methodology is based on neoinstitutional contract theory (transaction costs, opportunistic behavior), formalized interview methods, comparative and statistical analysis (Student's t-test) using data from 47 farms in Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Crimea, and Rostov Oblast, as well as an analysis of 23 existing contracts. As a result, three types of contracts were identified (spot contracts – 51%, short-term contracts for 1-3 years – 32%, long-term contracts with investment participation – 17%), and interaction stability indicators (0.61; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) and the frequency of serious violations (87%, 53%, 12%) were identified. A system of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of contracts for perennial crops is substantiated, incorporating economic, institutional, and agronomic groups of indicators. Key finding: long-term contracts with processor participation in investment costs (coverage ratio of 0.25-0.48) demonstrate maximum stability and minimal opportunistic behavior. However, their widespread adoption is hampered by the lack of standard forms, low trust between the parties, and a shortage of long-term financing.
The article provides a retrospective review of the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the role, development and formation of human capital, assessing its importance for the economy of states. The purpose of the research was to form a systematic knowledge about the contribution of Russian scientists to the formation of the modern paradigm of human capital in the labor economy. Using scientific research methods, a comparison of the sequence of development of ideas about the importance of human resources for the state, the conditions of its growth and development, and the tools for the most productive involvement of labor resources in the economy in the works of Russian and foreign scientists has been carried out. In post-Soviet studies and educational literature devoted to labor and human resource management, one can observe a certain oblivion regarding the contribution of domestic scientific thought in favor of increasing the importance of the work of foreign researchers. At the same time, an analysis of the evolution of labor science based on the study of primary sources – the works of Russian and foreign scientists, allows us to conclude that during the formation of the modern paradigm of human capital, it was representatives of the Russian scientific school who became the discoverers of many of its aspects, as shown by the review conducted in this article. It is noted that up to the second half of the twentieth century, agriculture was the object of observation for the formation of scientific positions. However, the sectoral features of the development of human capital under the influence of the industrial revolution directly relate to the resource and processing sectors of the agro-industrial complex, agricultural machinery, rural construction and the processing industry.
The current state of the regional economy is characterized by rapid digital transformation, the introduction of information and communication technologies in all spheres of life. This process is of particular importance for rural areas, since digitalization makes it possible to reduce the gap with the city, increase the availability of services and the quality of life of the population, which determines the relevance of this study. The main problem of the study is the lack of consideration of the specifics of rural areas in the existing methods of assessing the level of digitalization. The methodology proposed by the authors considers the relationship between the introduction of information and communication technologies, socio-economic development and management effectiveness at the regional level. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the level of digital maturity of the region, considering the specifics of socio-economic development of rural areas using the example of the Volga Federal District. The work uses a comprehensive method, including comparative, technical, economic and logical analysis. Statistical data on the use of information and communication technologies, socio-economic and financial indicators for 2020-2024 have been processed and systematized. The author's method of calculating the digital maturity index is proposed for the integral assessment. The analysis showed that the growth rate of digital maturity in the region over the study period was 104.34%. The authors have identified key imbalances in the provision of digital services to rural areas and proposed a methodology that makes it possible to quickly assess the dynamics of digitalization and identify factors affecting the sustainable development of the region. Effective digital transformation of the region is possible only with a holistic approach that considers the development of infrastructure, the formation of a modern regulatory framework, the development of human capital and the creation of conditions for equal access to digital services. Special attention should be paid to bridging the digital divide between urban and rural areas, which is the basis for the harmonious development of society and increasing the competitiveness of the region.
The author of the article draws attention to the attitude to the regulation of actions of civil servants in Russian research as a way to optimize the state system without taking into account the motivational factor. The agricultural sector demonstrates the close relationship between the motivation of civil servants and their performance of functional duties while strengthening food security as a strategic objective. The purpose of the study is to identify a strategy implemented in the civil service system that allows combining the motivation of a civil servant and the performance of his functional duties in accordance with the regulations in the field of agriculture. The research methods are the analysis, synthesis, generalization and modeling of a strategy for the development of motivation of a civil servant in the context of regulating his professional actions. In the course of the research, the author was able to identify scientific works that are close to the formation of motivation of civil servants in the field of agriculture and expand the perspective of research on the role of regulations in the public service system. Based on the results of the assessment of the theoretical base, a strategy for the development of civil servant motivation was formed, which allows in practice to increase the potential of regulations for professional actions in the field of agriculture by disclosing the personal and professional capabilities of employees when performing their functions in accordance with the established rules. The formed strategy is offered to the scientific community as a resource for further research on the impact on the motivation and competence of employees, including in the context of the need to strengthen food security against the background of existing challenges. The strategy for developing civil servant motivation is also useful in revealing new facets of personal and professional capabilities of employees by improving approaches to developing regulations that take into account the different needs of employees when solving agricultural tasks.
This article presents a methodology for an integrated assessment of the socioeconomic vulnerability of rural areas in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). It includes four key subindices: social structure and human capital (Ic), development dynamics (Id), economic base (Ie), and demographic risks (Idem). The methodology provides a comprehensive coverage of the factors that shape the cumulative effect of the crisis in rural areas. Profound spatial differentiation in the level and profile of vulnerability within the FEFD is revealed. Calculations allowed us to rank rural municipalities and identify several clusters of territories with fundamentally different problem structures: from depressed settlements experiencing a total crisis in all spheres to territories with a relatively intact economic base despite acute demographic depletion. The limitations of universal support measures are demonstrated. The diagnostic results confirm that traditional approaches that fail to take into account qualitative differences in vulnerability profiles (e.g., the prevalence of economic weakness versus the prevalence of demographic crisis) are ineffective. The study revealed that in some cases, supporting local economic activity should be a priority, while in others, emergency measures to preserve social infrastructure and retain the remaining population should be prioritized. Based on the calculated vulnerability profiles, differentiated packages of public policy measures were proposed: for areas with high Idem and Ic (demographic and social crisis), the need for «smart compression» strategies – consolidating the remaining population and public services to maintain a minimum quality of life-was justified. For areas with high Ie and relatively better demographic indicators, a course toward «smart specialization» – targeted support for local economic niches (agritourism, advanced processing of natural resources, and remote employment) – was proposed. The methodology allows for an objective ranking of areas by the severity of problems, creating a transparent basis for prioritizing budget allocations and focusing efforts on areas of greatest risk. The scientific innovation lies in the development of specialized tools that enable an integrated assessment of the socioeconomic vulnerability of rural areas in the face of growing depopulation.
This article identifies the key role of personnel security in ensuring sustainable agricultural development and improving the economic security of regional agricultural enterprises. It clarifies the nature of personnel security in agriculture, which simultaneously serves as a mechanism for mitigating the negative impact of personnel risks and as a management process for maintaining and enhancing the intellectual and professional potential of personnel, taking into account the specific requirements imposed by the characteristics and needs of agricultural technological processes. An analysis of the regional agricultural labor force revealed negative trends threatening the stability of this sector in terms of personnel availability and their effective utilization. A comprehensive methodological approach to assessing personnel security in agricultural organizations is proposed, including four groups of indicators: labor force availability, personnel efficiency, digital competencies, and the development of organizational culture and social responsibility. Methods for identifying deviations from threshold values and forming an integrated assessment are recommended for assessing personnel security. Recommendations are proposed for strengthening personnel security in agricultural organizations, which involve combining the efforts of the state, business, and educational institutions to increase economic incentives, technological modernization, improvement of personnel training programs, and the development of social measures.
This article analyzes the attitudes of Kuzbass employees toward professional training and development. Based on a survey of the working-age population, the authors highlight the motivational factors behind Kuzbass residents' professional development. The survey involved 384 respondents, with a sampling error of no more than 5%. The authors identified key forms of training, demonstrated the frequency of advanced training and retraining programs, and reflected the population's attitude toward distance learning and key factors motivating professional development. A comparative analysis of motivation for training and professional development among representatives of three key economic sectors-agriculture, mining, and manufacturing—was conducted. Industry-specific patterns of training attitudes in agriculture were identified. Short-term advanced training courses, short-term trainings, and self-education were found to be the most popular areas of professional development for Kuzbass residents. Employees and employers alike initiate professional development. The population of the Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass has adapted to a high degree to the digitalization of socio-economic processes and distance learning. An analysis of motivation for training and professional development in key economic activities has highlighted industry-specific challenges in human capital development in agriculture, including low employer engagement and limited financial participation in the professional development of human capital, as well as the presence of digital and information barriers to the professional development of agricultural workers.