The system of strategic direction of development of agro-industrial production is an integral part of the national system and has its own unique features. These features are determined by the specifics, including the nature of sectoral production, structural differences of individual components, the role in ensuring food security, the need to develop the agricultural sector and rural areas with direct state regulation. Emerging threats and challenges of the global and national economic systems in connection with the growing geopolitical and foreign economic risks require the search for new effective tools for managing both the national economy as a whole and the agro-industrial complex in particular. Sustainable agro-industrial production is an integral part of the food security strategy as an integral component of the country's national security. Strategic directions of development of agro-industrial production are directly related to the rates of development of agricultural sectors, optimization of use of production potential of which is based on use of interconnected material, technical, energy, transport, logistics and labor resources. The totality of these resources defines the basis of territorial-sectoral division of labor, possibilities of production of competitive products, promote attraction of investment resources with constant labor costs. Development of agricultural production corresponds to performance of production function by rural territories, is the main economic type of activity in rural areas and the main source of employment of population, provision of living environment by creation of necessary conditions and payment of labor of residents of these territories.
The development of tourism in the agricultural sector is a popular research topic today, however, it can be stated that the implementation of business tourism activities in rural areas is poorly understood. The organizers and participants of MICE events are looking for a variety of venues and ways to enhance the impressions received by business travelers, while ensuring a high degree of comfort and the necessary technical equipment of tourist spaces. Rural areas in the process of tourism solve several socio-economic tasks related to increasing the profitability of rural businesses, promoting rural brands, creating favorable working and leisure conditions that help reduce the outflow of qualified personnel. The integration of the interests of business tourism and agrotourism can solve all the urgent tasks of their participants and organizers. The paper outlines the author's position on the differences between business tourism and MICE tourism. The focuses of mutual interest of business tourism and agrotourism are visualized: the activities of the former can be implemented by the facilities of the latter, especially considering gentrification. The advantages of MICE events for agriculture are identified, the integration into which creates an effect both for the host rural areas and for rural businessmen acting as participants in business tourism. The factors of increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas in the context of business tourism are outlined. The barriers and conditions for organizing successful business tourism in agriculture are listed.
Recently, the Russian government has taken a number of measures to curb domestic prices for certain types of food products (butter, chicken eggs, potatoes, etc.), ensuring free import of these types of products, which once again emphasizes the relevance of the problem of stabilizing domestic food prices, including through the use of import policy instruments. For the successful implementation of government control measures, it is necessary to assess their consequences for the welfare of trading partner countries. Analysis of duopoly models showed that the development of a theoretical justification for import policy measures that take into account the relationship between the domestic and foreign markets remains virtually unresolved for the long term. The paper presents an algorithm for developing a two-stage model of import duty for the oligopolistic competition market and preliminary estimates.
India is one of the largest innovation-oriented economies in the world, with human capital being one of the country's most important resources. Agriculture plays a crucial role in India's economy, providing both food security and employment opportunities for a significant portion of the population. Currently, India's rural population is one of the youngest in the world, which determines the prospects for long-term growth of the country's agricultural sector due to an increase in the proportion of the working population, an increase in the level of education, rapid development of information technology and an increase in the number of highly qualified specialists among farmers. However, this potential can be realized if the Government of India implements structural reforms aimed at developing human capital, addressing unemployment, eliminating extreme poverty and other socio-demographic and economic problems. The article examines the main problems of human capital formation in India, reflects the most important areas of government measures to develop human resources in the agricultural sector of the country.
The article is devoted to the problems of customs and tariff regulation of wheat exports, the analysis of the effectiveness of the grain damper and the impact of its mechanisms on changes in domestic wheat prices. The study showed that the damping mechanism has very little effect on the behavior of domestic wheat prices. The reasons for the insufficiently effective operation of the damper are the lack of conditions in our country under which it can work effectively, namely, the presence of a competitive, unregulated grain market without trade barriers, and a stable exchange rate of the national currency. In addition, the instruments of state non-tariff regulation, which are actively working simultaneously with the damper, limit the field for the realization of its possibilities, exerting a more significant impact on the dynamics of domestic prices. The damper mechanism also does not provide grain producers with compensation for losses commensurate with losses from export duties. The expediency of using a damper requires additional justification. The damping mechanisms require more fine-tuning and revision of the base price parameters to prevent an unjustified increase in export customs duties. It is also necessary to increase the amount of compensation for losses to grain producers from the funds received from the levied dampening export duties in order to prevent further reduction in profitability of production. It is also necessary to provide exporters with timely, transparent information on tariffs, which would reduce the price risks of option, futures and forward export contracts.
The article examines the problem of activating the innovative activity of small forms of agricultural entrepreneurship in conditions of high capital prices due to the policy pursued by the Russian financial mega-regulator of an inflated key rate in recent years. As a result of this policy, there is a slight slowdown in the rate of expansion of agricultural areas and an increase in the number of farm animals in all forms of management, and a decrease is recorded for many of them in 2022-2024. The study revealed a lag in the pace of implementation of innovative technologies by small agricultural businesses (agricultural organizations and peasant (farming) farms), especially in crop production, with a relatively significant share of these forms of management in the production of basic products. As a comparison of data with medium-sized and large agricultural organizations shows, the share of small businesses in introducing innovations, including technological ones, is two to three times lower, which is a consequence, in our opinion, of the more limited financial capabilities of this group of producers to finance investments in advanced technologies, including digital ones. In the context of increased investments in agricultural technologies by foreign countries, the lag of Russian producers of agricultural raw materials and agricultural products may negatively affect the food security of our country. To overcome the current situation, it is proposed to form a unified investment and innovation system for the development of both small agricultural businesses and the agro-industrial complex as a whole.
The article provides a critical analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovation activities. Universal and specialized assessment methods for horticulture and nursery breeding are considered. The lack of scientific and methodological unity in the choice of a key indicator or indicators has been revealed. The paper describes methods for calculating the economic benefits from the use of scientific and innovative products, including the profit advantage method, the yield advantage method, the price advantage method, the cost advantage method and the volume advantage method. Proposals have been made to improve the profit advantage method by clarifying the calculation of the annual economic benefit from the use of scientific products, allowing us to formalize the calculation of the influence of a larger number of factors - six instead of three - by highlighting the factors of marketability of fruit and berry products, the area of fruit and berry plantations, as well as the profit taxation factor. Scientific and theoretical development is also given to the application of the method of advantage in volume of production due to the expansion of the two-factor model of gross harvest of fruit and berry products to three- and four-factor models. In the three-factor model, the yield factor is divided into factors of the specific weight of the area of fruit and berry plantations of fruiting age in the total area and the yield factor of plantations of fruiting age (according to the total gross harvest). In the four-factor model of the gross harvest of fruit and berry products, the factors of the ratio of the total gross harvest to the gross harvest from fruit and berry plantations of fruiting age, as well as the factor of the yield of plantations of fruiting age according to the gross harvest from areas of fruiting age, are highlighted. The article may be of interest both to people researching scientific and methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activities, and to employees of horticultural organizations who are engaged in improving their operational performance.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and assessment of the prospects for the development of the use of alternative energy sources in logistics. An overview of the use of such energy generation technologies as cogeneration units, solar panels, wind and biogas plants, geothermal heat pumps in storage facilities, warehouses, cargo terminals, ports is given. An assessment of the features of each of these technologies is carried out, indicating the main advantages and limitations. The main effects of their implementation are analyzed and practical examples of application in Russia and the world are presented. The conclusion is substantiated that the active use of alternative energy at logistics infrastructure facilities is constrained by the high capital intensity of the relevant projects and long payback periods, limited use of solar, wind, geothermal and bioenergy in certain regions, skepticism on the part of business representatives, the lack of comprehensive government support programs, underdevelopment of the relevant infrastructure and the presence of regulatory restrictions.
The article focuses on the problems of finding the main directions for the implementation of agrarian policy in the field of logistical support for agriculture in a new geopolitical environment. The main areas of logistical support for agriculture in the implementation of agricultural policy in Russia are graphically presented. An assessment of the cost structure for basic production in the context of material and technical support of agricultural organizations is given. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the fleet of the main types of machinery in agricultural organizations is presented, while simultaneously assessing the dynamics of average prices for certain types of agricultural machinery. Dynamic changes in retail prices for basic fuels in Russia have been identified, as well as an analysis of the state of production of mineral fertilizers and the dynamics of changes in their application for crops in agricultural organizations, while assessing trends in prices for mineral fertilizers. The analysis of the dynamics of prices for plant and animal protection products, prices for feed for farm animals, as well as an assessment of the level of self-sufficiency in seeds for certain types of crops was carried out. In addition, the existing measures of state support in the field of logistical support for agriculture in the implementation of agricultural policy in Russia are graphically presented.
This article evaluates the degree of influence of prices on the balance sheets of basic foodstuffs in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and on the efficiency of agricultural and food production. The paper uses a methodological approach combining the method of economic and mathematical modeling, the balance method, methods of economic coefficients and grouping. As a result of the study, it was found that the price factor significantly reduces the degree of balanced food supply for meat from 95,4 to 60,7% (-34,7%), milk from 85,8 to 58,1% (-27,7%) and potatoes from 206,6 to 112,6% (-94%), at the same time due to the significant import dependence of the food market of the district. For vegetables, there is an increase in the balance of this type of product from 67,3% to 88,5% (+21,2%). It has been revealed that irrational interregional food flows significantly affect the food balance, in which food produced in the regions of the Siberian Federal District is exported outside their borders, and imported volumes of similar food products are already used to feed the population, which leads to the loss of a part of their own food market by regional agricultural producers and generates the so-called "lost profits". The calculations have shown that due to irrational interregional food flows, farmers in the Siberian Federal District annually receive less than 198 billion rubles in profit. The data obtained during the study indicate the need to increase the role of state agribusiness management bodies in organizing control over interregional (including export-import) food exchange and optimizing these activities.