The article is devoted to the issues of accumulation and consumption in agriculture on the example of two regions, one of which-the Penza region - is more prosperous and develops relatively efficiently, the other-the Kostroma region-is problematic, develops less efficiently. Studies have shown that despite the growth of gross investment adequate growth of net investment, the rate of accumulation of fixed capital, the rate of consumption in any of the regions under consideration, is not observed. The reasons for the low efficiency of investment processes is that investments allocated for expanded reproduction of fixed capital are used for simple reproduction of funds, due to underfunding it due to such a source as depreciation. In the structure of gross investments, the share of simple reproduction is more than 50‰. This reproduction structure is inefficient. The authors in the process of research revealed that in the conditions of insufficiency of own sources of financing of accumulation of net profit and it is used inefficiently. More than half of the net profit remaining at the disposal of organizations is used to cover losses of previous years and to pay dividends.
Russia has a natural base for the successful development of fishing and fish farming, is surrounded by seas and oceans, and has significant internal reservoirs. At the same time, fishing and aquaculture products occupy an insufficient place in the diet of Russians. The goal set by the authors-to consider the trends in the production of fish products and aquatic bioresources in Russia and in the world - was solved using classical research methods: analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, abstract-logical and monographic. After studying the reports of various domestic and international organizations, analyzing statistical data from the collections of the Federal state statistics service, the Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, and others, the authors came to the following conclusions: at the present stage, the domestic fisheries sector is under development, there are some positive trends, but the problems of the industry are complex. The main problems of the industry development are highlighted: low competitiveness of products, low efficiency of using water biological resources, limited access to financial instruments, inability to attract long-term financing on acceptable terms, underfunding of science, etc. as a result, the number of organizations engaged in fishing and fish farming decreases, the number of employees in the industry falls, there are not enough vessels equipped with modern fishing tools and processing fish in the sea, etc. To achieve the planned indicators of the food security Doctrine, it is necessary to improve the mechanism for the development of the industry as a whole and, in particular, the production of fish products and aquatic bioresources: create a domestic marine and fish Fund, provide more substantial state support to the fishing industry, accelerate the development of infrastructure elements of the market throughout the country for a stable supply of fish products to the population.
The main goal of the study is an objective economic assessment of the dynamics of relative indicators of agricultural efficiency at the state level. By results of research the article presented a thorough analysis and assessment of the dynamics of main crop yields, animal productivity, volume of sales of agricultural products, the profitability of agricultural organizations in all activities at the state level. The following conclusions are formulated and justified: the main indicators of the intensity of agricultural production are the level of labor productivity of employees in the industry. to reduce the cost of crop production, first of all, it is necessary to rationally use seeds and planting materials, save costs for oil products and spare parts, increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, and improve economic relations with third-party organizations that provide services. In animal husbandry, the main reserve for reducing the cost of production is the rational use of feed. The final efficiency of agricultural organizations depends not only on the sales prices for commodity products of crop production and animal husbandry, but also on the prices of industrial goods and services purchased by them from other organizations, without which it is impossible to produce agricultural products.
Due to the scientific support and development of breeding and seed growing in the soybean production, the effectiveness of Russian soybean cultivars, compared to foreign ones, has increased significantly in the Krasnodar region. At the same time, there is remained a trend of intensive expansion of a foreign segment on the soybean market. Thus, for the period from 2013 to 2017, the largest increase of foreign seeds share in the structure of crop sowings was noted in the northern zone, and by 2017 this figure amounted to more than 37‰. However, along with an increase in the share of foreign cultivars in sowings, in the northern zone over the analyzed period, the average yield of foreign soybean cultivars decreased by 3.7 quintal per ha, while Russian ones increased by 1.0 quintal per ha. A similar trend has developed in all areas of crop cultivation. Due to the current situation, within the governmental strategy of import substitution and support of Russian breeding programs, we proposed a design model for optimizing soybean cultivar complexes according to the natural and economic zones of the Krasnodar region, accounting the biological potential of the promising Russian soybean cultivars and a level of yield stability.
The analysis and forecast of the demographic and labor resource base for the development of the agro-industrial complex is presented. The typology of rural areas is characterized by the level and dynamics of socio-economic development. The article analyzes the practice of applying a program-oriented approach to social development of rural territories and regional regulation of this process in Russia, including within the framework of the State program for integrated development of rural territories for 2020-2025.
In this article, the author considers the strategic documents of the Russian Federation, directly related to the problems of scientific and technological support of modern Russian agriculture and social aspects of rural development. In this regard, the author's position on the scientific interpretation of such basic categories as "Agrosphere" and "rural territories", which have not yet found an unambiguous definition, is once again emphasized. Fragmentary the article analyzes the current state of the social potential of the agricultural sphere, which allowed the author to identify the factors inhibiting rural social development. The greatest attention is paid to the analysis of the most important, according to the author, strategic document-the State program of complex development of rural territories. Based on the analysis of program provisions, personal arguments and opinions expressed by representatives of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the author substantiates a number of conceptual proposals for improving the spirit, content and text of both the state Program as a whole and its individual program activities
The need to improve the agricultural policy of Russia is one of the most important tasks in order to achieve the country's food security, create food reserves and move to an export-oriented agricultural sector. A study of the ongoing processes of agro-industrial complex reforming using monographic, calculation-constructive, economic and statistical methods, a comparison method and expert assessments allowed the authors to identify trends and prospects for agricultural transformations, to substantiate ways to overcome crisis phenomena in the industry based on the refinement of scientifically based principles for improving agricultural policy. It has been established that under favorable economic conditions (sufficient investment opportunities, the implementation of effective measures of state support, etc.), the average annual growth rate of agricultural production may reach 2017-2020 yy. 1.7‰, and for the period 2021-2030 yy. - about 3‰.
Search for new solutions in the scope of state programs is due to low efficiency of federal and regional budgets’ expenditures. Project methods are new stage of program-target planning and management development. Author analyses laws that enable transition to project management of such state program as Development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and provision during the period of 2013-2020. Project management is considered as system of unique and interrelated actions aimed at achieving goals. This includes planning, organization and control of temporal, labor, financial and material resources for achieving goals. Project management also allows to mobilize and structure resources according to goals. Furthermore, conjunction of project management and traditional management leads to the most effective interaction of business and government.
The article describes the employment of the population in the Krasnodar Territory, reveals a causal relationship between the socio-economic development of the region and the state of the labor market. The analysis of the activity of the Employment Centers of the population of the municipalities of the Krasnodar Territory is carried out and the problems of the modern labor market are identified. The conclusion is drawn on the development of new forms of employment related to digitalization. The development of remote employment requires increased government support. It is substantiated that it is advisable to assign the regulation of "distance relations" between the employer and employees to the employment centers of the population of municipalities.
The agro-industrial complex is at the same time one of the unique and basic elements of the national economy, which forms the gross domestic product and products manufactured on the territory of most of the subjects of our country. Its exclusivity is due to direct interaction with natural and climatic conditions and biological characteristics of the cultivation of animals and plants. Such interaction gives rise to the emergence of many different difficult to predict and difficult to manage factors that can lead to the formation and development of risks. In turn, risks can significantly reduce the functioning efficiency of both an individual subject of the system and, in general, destabilize the entire agro-industrial system through a joint multiplier effect. Moreover, at present, due attention from the scientific and practical community to the development of risk-based approaches to management in the agricultural sector has not been paid. In this regard, this article proposes an updated concept of the agro-industrial complex, focusing not only on the existing risks, but also on the need to include state and municipal authorities in the structure of the agro-industrial complex, which act as the regulator of this system, but also have a certain level of risk load. In addition, the author’s structure of the participants in the updated agro-industrial complex was justified, their ranking was carried out by risk level based on the proposed point estimate.