The article presents the draft Federal Law «On the Development of rural Territories», developed by the basic organization of the FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH. The bill contains 10 chapters, including 49 articles. Chapter 1 sets out the general provisions characterizing the subject of regulation of the Federal Law, issues of legal regulation of rural development, the basic concepts used in the Federal Law, and the basic principles of rural development. Chapter 2 presents the state policy in the field of rural development. Chapter 3 contains a description of state support, financial and personnel support for the development of the agro-food sector, chapter 4 – state support, financial and personnel support for the development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas. Chapter 5 is devoted to state support, financial and personnel support for the social development of rural areas, including the regulation of demographic processes, ensuring employment of economically active rural population, improving the material well-being of rural population, ensuring the accessibility of comfortable housing to rural population, improving the territorial organization of social services and increasing their accessibility to rural population, the development of preschool and secondary general education, improving medical care, development of the sphere of culture, physical culture and sports, provision of services to citizens in need of social services, provision of budgetary branches of the social sphere of the village with personnel, development of trade and consumer services, provision of state, municipal and financial and credit services to the rural population, engineering arrangement of rural territories, development of road transport communications. Chapter 6 presents the provisions of state regulation of environmental management and environmental protection, and Chapter 7 – state support for consumer cooperation. Chapter 8 sets out the issues of scientific and information support in the field of rural development, chapter 9 – the state administration of rural development. Chapter 10 «Final Provisions» defines the procedure for the entry into force of the Federal Law. This publication was prepared pursuant to paragraph 4 of Resolution No. 210 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences dated October 31, 2023: "To prepare proposals to the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure to improve the quality of life of the rural population, including measures to diversify the rural economy; integration of rural settlement development with small towns; strengthening coordination between departments implementing state programs in rural areas; improving legal mechanisms for rural development; improving rural access to development resources and local government development", the responsibility for the implementation of which is assigned to the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The draft law was developed under the scientific supervision of the Action Director of the FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH A.G. Paptsov, Doctor in Economics, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Head Department of Social Development of Rural Areas L.V. Bondarenko, Doctor of Economics, Professor, corresponding member. RAS creative team consisting of: N.D. Avarskii, Doctor in Economics, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Secretary, Head Department of Marketing and development of Food markets, L.V. Bondarenko, Doctor in Economics, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head Department of Social Development of Rural Areas, A.V. Kolesnikov, Doctor in Economics, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head Department of Agrarian Policy and forecasting of agro-industrial complex development, V.G. Novikov, Doctor in Economics, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director, G.A. Polunin, Doctor in Economics, Deputy directors, Head Department of Research on economic problems of land relations in the agro-industrial complex, M.M. Skalnaya, Doctor in Economics, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Social Development of rural Territories.
The article deals with topical issues of the theory and practice of intersectoral equivalent relations in the agroindustrial complex. Based on a retrospective analysis, it is shown that the violation of equivalent exchange in the system of economic relations of participants in the reproductive process of agriculture has deep socio-economic and historical roots. As is known, in a market economy, the phenomenon becomes a pattern when, in pursuit of profit, each participant seeks to raise the price of his product (service), while infringing on the profitability of another participant–an adjacent participant in the reproductive agro-food chain, which ultimately leads to macroeconomic imbalances and distortions of value relations. Therefore, the creation of the necessary organizational and economic measures and tools to increase the level of equivalence in relations between participants in the agro-food chain in our study is considered as one of the main imperatives of sustainable development of agricultural and agro-industrial production in Russia.
The development and financial and economic stability of subjects of agro-product chains is influenced by the continuous process of complication and deepening of the system of inter-industry relations. The article, based on a well-founded and objective analysis of scientific research, selects indicators for assessing the financial and economic stability of organizations in three key agro-product (grain, dairy and meat) chains. The choice of the presented indicators is based on two aspects: on the one hand, the need to assess the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial activities of organizations, and, on the other hand, the need to take into account their industry specifics, which manifest themselves sequentially at the stages of promotion of commercial products. Among other things, the study, when conducting settlement transactions, drew attention to the differences in the established standards for key indicators depending on the organization’s type of economic activity.
The work analyzes existing methods for assessing the development of production in the food industry in order to identify the most preferable growth factors for calculation and analysis. Analysis of growth factors is an urgent task for any production, regardless of industry, since the use of effective algorithms for analyzing the dynamics of development of food industry organizations allows one to adapt to changing market conditions and make strategic management decisions. The article proposes a general form of an assessment model based on an index approach with regressions, which allows one to obtain a quantitative assessment of the influence of production growth factors and adjust the development plan if necessary. An example of the use of this model in relation to the food industry is given, showing how the influence of intensive and extensive factors of production growth can be assessed.
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of rent-generating factors in the agricultural land use sector. A differentiation of rent-generating factors has been made, providing a comprehensive account of indicators of local type, qualitative and quantitative nature, market format, as well as, directly, the results of agricultural land use in conjunction with agroclimatic conditions. The format of the relationship between individual rent-generating factors that are part of enlarged groups has been determined, and the level of influence of these factors on the final value of land rent has been studied in relation to the European part of the Russian Federation within the subjects of the study. Based on the identification of rent-generating factors, their ranking and identification of the degree of influence on the final value of land rent, a model has been defined that describes the dependence of the final value of rent on a number of rent-generating parameters. The resulting model was tested under the conditions of calculating the predicted value of land rent in the subjects of the study, followed by an analysis of deviations of the calculated values from the actual value. The calculation results fully determine the practical orientation of the result obtained and the possibility of using the identified rent-generating factors in the process of forming a reasonable rent value.
The article considers an alternative approach to the involvement of unused agricultural lands. Given the weak efficiency of bringing these lands into economic circulation and the simultaneous emergence of a labor shortage, while agriculture is showing high growth rates with still low labor productivity, the authors suggest directing these unused lands towards achieving the goals of climate policy and the strategy of transitioning to a low-carbon economy. The article proposes to develop climate projects on these lands that contribute to the accumulation of carbon units, in accordance with the principles of carbon land management. The article also highlights the main obstacles to the launch of such projects and suggests ways to overcome them.
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of digitalization of production processes in the sub-sectors of crop production in Russia. The article provides data on the gross harvest of crop production and the availability of agricultural machinery in agricultural organizations, as well as considers the issues of digitalization of crop production subsectors and existing measures of state support for providing agricultural organizations with machinery and equipment necessary for digitalization of crop production and its production in the country. New types of state support for the production of such machinery and equipment are proposed.
The article pays attention to the prospects for the functioning of cluster structures as a means of improving the material and technical support for the production of agro-industrial products. A pyramid of conditions for the formation and functioning of agricultural clusters is presented, from the formation of the competencies of agricultural clusters and the presence of integration ties and interactions, to the voluntary participation of producers of agro-industrial products and the formation of communication ties among cluster participants in the agricultural sector. The classification characteristics of cluster structures in branches of the agro-industrial complex are given, and the basics of administrative and legal regulation of state support for territorial industry clusters in Russia are determined. The basic principles of constructing cluster structures in the agro-industrial complex have been identified, and a logical-graphical model for constructing cluster structures as a means of improving the material and technical support for the production of agro-industrial products has been developed.
MODERN FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN THE RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX
Pesticides have become a necessary condition for production in industrial agriculture. For the period 1990-2021. The volume of the global pesticide market has doubled and, according to specialists and experts, will grow in the near future. However, the production and levels of use of pesticides differ from region to region, from country to country and do not depend on the development of the agricultural sector. Although domestic producers of pesticides supply more than 60% of the domestic market, Russia still depends on the import of both plant protection products themselves and active substances for their production. Russia also lags behind the levels of pesticide use per hectare of arable land, unit of agricultural production and per capita both from the world average and from individual countries. At the same time, Russia exports pesticides and ranks 30th among the largest exporters.