The study is devoted to state support for the development of infrastructure elements of the Russian fisheries complex at the regional level. The types of state support are considered: agricultural producers engaged in fish farming; fishing organizations; processing enterprises; conducting research and training for work in the field of fisheries, amateur and sport fishing. The work presents the data contained in the adopted official documents - the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia, the Federal Law «On Aquaculture (Fisheries) and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation», Federal Law of 25.12.2018 No. 475-FZ «On Amateur Fisheries» and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation», decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation; data from the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal Agency for Fisheries, Rosstat, the Information and Legal Portal and CJSC Peasant Vedomosti, as well as materials from the Scientific and Practical Conference «Legal Support for the Development of the Fisheries of the Russian Federation, Past, Present, Future. On the 15th anniversary of the adoption of the law «On fisheries and the conservation of aquatic biological resources.»
The article gives an analysis of domestic production and sale of beekeeping products, reveals the possibilities of effective pollination by bees of entomophilous crops and their influence on the growth of crop yields. The results of scientific research on diseases and parasites of bees are presented, the reasons for the mass death of bees and the spread of dangerous diseases that affect the quality of honey are revealed. The assessment of the industry management system by state authorities is made and the necessity of adopting a law on beekeeping is substantiated.
To forecast the development of agri-food systems an analysis was made of the dynamics of cost, changes in its structure and individual cost items of winter grain in the regions of the Russian Federation for the period 2010-2016 on the data of consolidated annual reports of agricultural organizations. It is shown that changes in the official reporting form 9-apk did not make it possible to form homogeneous series for cost analysis over long periods. The grouping of regions by actual cost of production revealed that the main production, since 2013, has steadily concentrated in the groups with a cost price of 400 to 599 rubles/center despite of inflation (in prices 2016 – in the group of 500-599 rubles/center). An assessment of cost growth due to changes in prices for resources and services purchased by agricultural organizations was made. It was revealed that in spite of significant changes in climatic and economic conditions that occurred during this period, the structure of the cost of winter cereals practically did not change, as well as the intervals of the shares of significant cost items in the main producing regions. Groupings of regions by the share of expenses for the maintenance of fixed assets and labor remuneration showed that regions with intervals above average Russian values were not the main producers. When forecasting agri-food systems in these regions, it is recommended to approximate their cost structure for winter grains to the average Russian. The top three producers of winter cereals, stably accounting for more than 40‰ of production, are the same, despite the differences in weather conditions in different years of the period under consideration. These are Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory and Rostov Region. It is on these key regions that it is necessary to pay the main attention when forecasting winter grain production in agri-food systems.
The article discusses the trends in the production and sale of grain, assesses the current structure of its production by categories of farms, the placement and efficiency of cultivation of grain crops in general and in the by cultures, analyzes the channels of grain sales through sales channels by agricultural organizations.
In today’s environment, the development of the country as a whole and of each individual territory in particular requires the development of new approaches to solving the problems of their effective management. Central to this process is the improvement of the efficiency of the use of all available resources, including human capital. The article deals with the measurement and monitoring of human capital in rural territories. The methodologies currently developed could not always take into account all human capital, but also included various systems of indicators that were difficult to interpret in the analysis. At the same time, the level of rural territories is not affected. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop and test an approach to monitoring rural human capital (health, education, culture and sports) based on score-rating. The proposed approach includes the following stages: selection of the most significant indicators characterizing human capital; assigning points to each indicator; summation of scores by rural territories and by blocks; calculation of the integral score for all indicators for rural territories by summation; ranking rural territories based on results. The proposed assessment will enable monitoring of the formation and use of rural human capital and, on the basis of the results obtained, make prompt and timely management decisions for each territory individually.
The generalization of theoretical provisions is allowed to clarify the content of the term "agricultural-purpose land market" from the point of view of the system of economic relations, which are related to the ownership, use, and disposal of land. The agricultural-purpose land market is the mechanism of regulation of processes and procedures, which are carried out by land relations entities in the preparation of offers and market transactions. The expediency of applying an interdisciplinary approach is justified to distinguish between the concepts of usefulness, cost, value of goods in philosophical, economic, social aspects. The method has been developed to create a system of values of agricultural-purpose land. The system includes the formation of agronomic value (structuring of factors, analysis of a combination of indicators, model), parameterization of economic value (highlighting the conditions of the institutional environment, imitation of the process of value creation, quantitative evaluation of value growth) and identification of consumer value (the specification of the subject area, grouping of the determinant, obtaining a systemic effect). Factors, indicators, determinants are necessary for the formation of agronomic, economic and consumer values, provide a criterion of the proposed method, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of the agricultural-purpose land market.
Modern trends and factors influencing fishing industry of the EU are considered. The EU positions in global production, consumption, export and import of fish and seafood are identified. Fishing and aquaculture both in marine and freshwater environments have been taken into account in this connection. The dynamics of the EU fisheries industry development, including the resource and infrastructure provision are demonstrated. Current and long term fundamentals of the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy are revealed. The general consequences for the EU fishing sector as a result of Brexit, pollution and acidification of the world’s oceans, changes in the world crude oil prices, and pandemic development of COVID - 19 are considered. Finally general findings are made, taking into account the relevance of the research object for Russia.
The article deals with the features of the territorial structure of the export of Russian agri-food products to China. Based on the results of the study, the main regions-suppliers of these types of products were identified, problems were noted and prospects for trade and economic cooperation with China were outlined.
The development of the regional integration association of Latin America – MERCOSUR is analyzed: identified key aspects of the development of this integration model, presented the macroeconomic indicators of each country, studied the state and dynamics of foreign trade of the participating countries, and outlined the problems of domestic markets protection and foreign markets access. The paper presents an analysis of the structure of exports and imports from MERCOSUR countries to the EEU countries and vice versa, as well as the problem of economic cooperation in the trade of agricultural and food products of these integration associations. In August 2015, MERCOSUR and the Customs Union of the EEU signed a Memorandum of understanding, which presents topics of interest to both associations. These are, in particular, customs tariff and non-tariff regulation, technical regulations and sanitary requirements. The format of a trade agreement on the creation of a free trade area (FTA+) may become the institutional basis for in-depth economic cooperation between the EEU and MERCOSUR. The analysis and study of modern aspects of interaction between MERCOSUR and the EEU allows us to conclude that it is promising to make agreements between these unions for the implementation of the export potential of the countries participating in integration associations and to unlock opportunities and advantages in certain sectors of the economy.
The article assesses the current state and the main trends in the development of the global meat market. Based on the data from the statistical databases of the OECD and FAO, an analysis of the dynamics of the international meat trade has been carried out. The main factors affecting the formation of the export potential of Russian meat in the markets of third countries are identified. The current situation on the world meat market and its development trends create real prospects for expanding the presence of the Russian Federation in already developed markets and entering new markets, although if there are certain difficulties that require systematic and coordinated actions.