The article considers the problems of managing the main types of traditional agricultural activities of the indigenous people of the North (reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, and gathering). It has been established that in the framework of creating sustainable agricultural socio-ecological systems of the North, domestic reindeer husbandry plays a crucial role. In the Scandinavian countries, Sami reindeer herders are faced with cutting their rights and price discrimination, but the level of state support for the industry in these countries is 3-4 times higher than in Russia. For the northern regions of Russia, Alaska's experience in co-management, based on the distribution of rights and responsibilities between the administration and members of communities and farms, could be useful. The development of alternative energy, so necessary in the North, often causes conflicts with domestic reindeer husbandry. World experience indicates that the main way to adapt to rapid socio-economic and natural changes is to diversify the use of rural areas. The COVID-19 pandemic sharply negatively affected the process of diversification, causing, among other things, a complete stop for a long time of Arctic tourism; as a result the region is losing most of its income and tens of thousands of jobs.
Agricultural land consolidation is one of the most effective tools for managing rural land resources, improving the structure of agricultural land in the country, increasing national economic and social efficiency, and bringing benefits to both private rights holders and society as a whole. As a tool for land management, it is very complex, as it requires a carefully developed regulatory framework that is integrated into the national legal framework. Depending on the needs of the society applying land consolidation, this tool can be used to achieve various goals. This article examines the fragmentation of agricultural land in Azerbaijan and the problems of its consolidation. The main reasons for the problems of land fragmentation in the country have been identified. Based on the study of the experience of European countries, the author of the article came to the conclusion that in Azerbaijan it is necessary to develop and adopt new land legislation aimed at implementing the land consolidation mechanism. The author, taking into account the mentality and traditions of the local population, considers it necessary to conduct large-scale measures to consolidate agricultural land in the country as the next stage of land reform.
The main purpose of the article is to clarify and develop the scientific basis for the functioning of the of the Russian fishing industry's infrastructure taking account a number of the external and internal factors affecting the production, distribution and the consumption of fish and seafood. The situation in production and consumption of fish and seafood in Russia considering the condition of related infrastructure was determined. Current trends in global fish and seafood market are analyzed. The measures of state support for the Russian fisheries sector are briefly evaluated. Infrastructure and other factors that influence the development of the Russian fishing industry are identified. The mainstreams of the Russian state policy for the development of fishing industry based on the improvement of the main infrastructure elements are formulated.
One of the conditions for the effective development of dairy and beef cattle breeding is the creation of the necessary fodder base and the rational placement of crops of fodder crops and grassland. Providing animals with high-quality feed is closely related to the productivity of forage land, which depends on the zone favorable for cultivating forage crops on arable land, and for obtaining green mass from natural meadows and cultivated pastures.
The article considers the yield and economic efficiency of production of Jerusalem artichoke varieties of Skorospelka and Interest on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition (without fertilizer and the calculated dose of NPK for the yield of 40 t / ha of tubers with the corresponding amount of tops). It is shown that the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke in the upper Volga region is economically profitable. The introduction of calculated doses of fertilizers increases the total collection of raw phytomass in the Skorospelka variety by 45.3 ‰, tubers by 44.8 ‰, tops by 46.6 ‰, in the Interest variety – by 46.1; 34.4 and 52.1‰, respectively. At the same time, it is possible to receive from a hectare, on average, conditionally net income on a non-winded background of 188.0 (Interest) - 291.2 (Skorospelka) thousand rubles/ha, on a fertilized 230.2 (Interest) – 394.4 (Skorospelka) thousand rubles/ha with a level of profitability over 220 ‰.
The relevance of the study of the processes of transformation of personal subsidiary farms into commodity production that provides their owner with employment and income is due to the negative trends that are growing in rural areas of the Russian. Purpose of work. Analysis of the impact of the transformation of small private farms into mini farms and then into farms and the construction of cooperative systems on the income of family farms on the example of the dairy and meat industry. Materials and methods of research. Materials obtained during working trips and study by V. F. Bashmachnikov of more than 100 farms of various sizes and organizational forms in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Ulyanovsk region in 2018-2019, data on the number of livestock, production, costs and income in farms, data on the implementation of state support programs in the studied regions, data from the state statistics Committee, and Internet resources were used. Applied analysis and synthesis, statistical and economic research methods, comparisons, etc. In the course of the study, evidence was obtained that the meat and dairy business for personal subsidiary farms and farms in modern conditions can be break-even; the profitability of the family peasant business can significantly increase during its gradual development; the functions of cooperatives that provide sales or other needs depend on the level of development of farms.
In 2016, the first version of the model Charter of the cooperative for the joint use of equipment was published. However, it was not in demand in practice, primarily because of the principle of conducting commercial operations through a cooperative commercial organization, which did not meet the conditions for granting grant support. The developments presented in this article eliminate this drawback. At the same time, the reason why the model Charter is considered as a normative document exclusively for cooperatives of the "Selkoop" system and can not be considered as a universal legal document is justified.
The article discusses some aspects of the use of innovative technologies and determines their impact on productivity and remuneration in agriculture. Particular attention is paid to the types of agricultural organizations identified by the prevalence of innovative technologies in them. The necessity of constant monitoring of the influence of various factors on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of productivity and wages in agriculture is substantiated.
The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of economic activity in the context of the implementation of the project-digital approach. in addition, the main principles of legal regulation of economic relations are formulated, taking into account the transformation of traditional approaches to regulating economic interaction and managing the economy into information and digital technologies.
Overview 2020 in Brief. This overview of Russia’s largest agricultural landholders summarizes the results of 2019 and includes 61 companies having 14.2m ha under control, which is 779k ha more than last year. The overall land portfolio of the TOP-5 has grown by almost 140k ha. 49 companies control over 100k ha of farmland, and 12 companies have around 100k ha under control , having taken the arbitrary 50th position of the chart. Farmland under control means farmland used on the grounds of ownership, leasehold or any other lawful title.