Developed infrastructure not only reduces the distance between countries, but also integrates national markets and connects them at low cost with other countries. The paper analyzes the components of a rigid and soft infrastructure for the development of agri-food exports. In this regard, the aim of the work is to analyze the influence of factors of the trade infrastructure on domestic poultry meat export, including empirical analysis, as well as justification of priorities for government bodies in order to effectively develop Russian export of poultry meat. To achieve the goal, methods of economic analysis, econometric modeling, and the method of expert evaluations were used. One approach to measuring the impact of trade facilitation on trade flows is the gravity model. In addition to the basic variables, the model used indicators for assessing the quality of airports, ports, railways and highways, the customs service, information and communication technologies in Russia, as well as in countries importing Russian products. Modeling of individual variables of the transport infrastructure showed that an increase in the quality of port facilities by 1‰ will contribute to an increase in poultry meat exports by 6.3‰, an increase in the quality of roads will increase exports by 3.6‰. For the information and communication infrastructure, the most important role is played by the development of the Internet: an increase in the share of the population of Russia using the Internet by 1‰ will contribute to an increase in poultry meat exports by 3.9‰. An increase in the efficiency of customs services by 1‰ will give an increase in exports by 6.1‰ . All of these ratings are significant. The following investment areas should become a priority for government bodies: the development of port facilities, the simplification of the work of customs services, the development of highways, which are an integral part of international transport routes, the development of information and communication infrastructure, especially high-speed network access and Internet security, to realize the benefits of communication and facilitate financial transactions between trading partners.
The study is devoted to state support for the development of infrastructure elements of the fishery complex in Russia. The types of state support for the development of elements of the infrastructure of the fishery complex at the federal level are considered. The paper presents the data contained in the adopted official documents - Federal Law of November 29, 2018 No. 459-FZ No. 175 "On the federal budget for 2019 and for the planning period 2020 and 2021", Federal Law of July 18, 2019 No. 175-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On the Federal Budget for 2019 and for the Planning Period of 2020 and 2021 ", Federal Law No. 380-FZ of December 2, 2019 (as amended on 03/18/2020) "On the federal budget for 2020 and for the period of 2021 and 2022", Federal Law of July 25, 2011 No. 260-FZ "On state support in the field of agricultural insurance and on amendments to the Federal Law" On the development of agriculture ", Federal Law of December 20, 2004 N 166-FZ (as amended on July 26, 2019) "On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources" (with amendments and additions that entered into force on 01.01.2020), Federal Law of May 1, 2019 No. 86-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Fisheries and protection of aquatic biological resources ”, the Food Security Doctrine of Russia, decrees and orders of the Russian Government; data from the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal Agency for Fisheries, Rosstat, Interfax, TASS, SOYUZROSSAKHAR, the Central Bank of Russia, JSC Rosselkhozbank, JSC Rosagroleasing, Association Rosspetsmash, the Information and Legal Portal and CJSC Krestyanskie vedomosti, as well as materials Scientific and practical conference “Legal support for the development of the fishery complex of Russia, past, present, future. On the 15th anniversary of the adoption of the law "On fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources", XXXI Congress of AKKOR.
In conditions when there is a lack of financial resources to maintain sustainable agricultural production in order to better ensure the population domestic food, rational distribution is essential. The development of the country's agriculture should be based on the specialization of regions with high bioclimatic potential and favorable socio-economic conditions for the production of certain types of products. However, the creation of specialization zones requires providing them with high production technologies. Quickly, with a high level of efficiency, it is possible to increase agricultural output in high-tech zones of its production. The creation of such zones is primarily based on the spatial organization of agriculture and increasing the level of intensification of crop production. The level of intensification depends on how innovative developments are used in the field of cultivation, harvesting, blanks, keeping and feeding livestock, etc.
In recent years, the production of corn for grain has been growing in Russia. First of all, due to domestic needs for feed from livestock producers and processing enterprises, and second, due to the growth of demand for corn on the world market. In General, during the analyzed period from 1992 to 2019, corn crops for grain in the country increased by more than 4 times, and the gross harvest increased by 7.2 times and amounted to 14.3 million tons in 2019. Basically the increase in the volume of corn grain production occurs in the regions of the country that are favorable for its cultivation. Therefore, the restoration of specialized grain production zones with the development of interregional relations in the future will reduce the cost of production, as well as increase the stability of corn grain production. The article analyzes the current state of production of corn for grain, silage and green feed in Russia, including. in the context of the main regions of producers in the country. Presented: the balance of corn resources for grain and the structure of imports of seed corn, as well as the availability of harvesting equipment for corn crops for grain and green mass in agricultural organizations in Russia and the Krasnodar territory.
At present, Russian agriculture has come to a clear understanding of the need to switch to organic production, the advantages of which are improving the quality and competitiveness of products on the market, increasing the efficiency of organizations by increasing the price of products, and improving the living standards of the population through good nutrition and prevention chronic diseases. The purpose of the study is to develop the scientific foundations for the development of production of organic livestock products and the forecast for its development in the Russian. In preparing the material, the authors used the following methods of scientific research: statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical, computational-constructive, system analysis, forecasting. During the study, the authors developed the scientific basis for the development of production of organic livestock in Russia, including 3 components (technological, economic and social), each of which is divided into directions (problem, tasks and solutions). To fulfill the tasks to improve the quality of products, the efficiency of enterprises and improve the nutritional quality of the population, it is recommended to use the proposed recommendations as a single mechanism (to include all three elements at a time) in organizing the production of organic livestock, then all the necessary decisions will be reached. To assess the development of organic livestock in Russia until 2030, a forecast was made for the number of farm animals, as well as a forecast for the cost of livestock products with and without organic production, showing that organic production will be an impetus for improving the efficiency of agricultural production.
The study of financial equilibrium and balanced state of particular elements of reproduction systems in the conditions of innovative development of the economy. The article emphasizes the emphasis on building a financial system for agrarian formations and methodological recommendations for assessing their financial balance. The systems approach is defined as direction of scientific knowledge, functioning of a corporate institute as a system, which focuses on the disclosure of its structure, integrity and properties, identification of diverse relationships, organization of internal business processes and with elements of the external environment. The financial system agricultural sector should be considered as an aggregate and sustainable ratio of institutions of the financial and non-financial sectors, financial markets, also as financial and information resources that are in certain financial relations, with the dominant participation of the managing unit (human capital) and implementing a single whole to achieve the strategic targets, tasks and financial policy of the state. It is revealed that the moving equilibrium of the system is maintained by the management unit through effective planning and control. However, the financial system is very dynamic, its transition to a new state is fast, because its parameters, structural relations, communications are changing. At the same time, they closely interact both with each other and with the external environment, which has an impact on their balance. In this case, the system can restore its parameters to its original state. Indicators of financial equilibrium of commercial organizations include: balance of certain types of liquid assets and liabilities; rate and interrelation of reserves and costs and sources of their formation, cash and non-financial assets, equity and debt capital, positive and negative cash flow. The system approach can be used, in our opinion, also to analyze and evaluate the financial system agricultural sector of a higher hierarchical level. In this case, only the composition of the elements, their structure, relations and connections, system parameters, and its individual properties are changing. Only fundamental characteristics of the system remain unchanged: state, behavior, equilibrium, stability and development.
The article defines main problems hindering the implementation of measures for realizing the Strategy of wide development until 2025 at all hierarchical levels in the field of placement and specialization of agricultural business entities. The assessment of the state and objective characteristics of significant shortcomings affecting the functioning of agricultural business and rural economy are presented, and trends and prospects for their development at the municipal level are formulated. The principles and main priorities of the strategic creation of more effective directions in the implementation of certain strategic opportunities in the sub-sectors of agricultural production are defined and justified. The scheme of strategic planning and management of an agricultural organization at the location and specialization of agricultural production, associated with the development of the object of strategic formation at the municipal level is presented. To improve the mechanism of territorial and sectoral division of labor, including placement and specialization, the strategic elements of development and management of agricultural economic entities of agricultural production are presented. Organizational and economic measures related to the training and reproduction of labor resources that will contribute to the formation of elements of strategic management of agricultural sub-sectors are identified.
Internal and external demand indirectly stimulate the improvement of product quality, expansion of the range and lower prices of the domestic market. Poultry meat is an important source of animal protein and is most accessible to the mass consumer. In this regard the aim of the work is to analyze the internal and external demand factors for domestic poultry meat, as well as assess trends in the development of the Russian poultry market. To achieve the goal, methods of economic analysis, econometric modeling and the method of expert assessments were used. The combination of high consumer properties with a low price compared to other types of meat products is an important factor in the development of domestic demand for poultry meat. To assess the determinants of internal and external demand for domestic products, two regression models have been developed. When evaluating the co integration vector characterizing the long-term relationships between variables, the DOLS procedure was used. As factors of domestic demand, producer and import prices, household incomes, and the variable sanctions were used. As the results showed, the most important factor for domestic consumers is the price of the domestic market, an increase of 1‰ leads to a decrease in demand by 0.83‰. A 1‰ increase in household incomes contributes to an increase in demand of 0.32‰. The increase in import prices also stimulates domestic demand for domestic products by 0.29‰. An increase in sanctions pressure of 1‰ leads to an increase in domestic demand by 0.19‰. The decrease in the price of the domestic market occurs as a result of internal competition, competition with imports, and also under the influence of the policy of retail chains, which envisages the coverage of the widest sections of the population. In the current conditions of saturation of the domestic market, low price is an important factor in the development of domestic exports. An assessment of the determinants of external demand for domestic products showed that a decrease in its price by 1‰ leads to an increase in external demand by 5.3‰. A pandemic analysis showed a possible reduction in domestic demand. The relative decline in world trade will hold back the fairly high growth rates of Russian exports.
As a result of the study, the features of sugar beet production in the Republic of Belarus were revealed. It is established that for the period 2015-2019. gross production of sugar beets in farms of all categories increased by 1.6 thousand tons or 49.3‰ and amounted to 4927 thousand tons. However, at the same time, the sown area under this agricultural crop decreased by 6.8 thousand ha (or 6, 6‰). It is noteworthy that in the republic there is a tendency to increase sugar production from domestic beet raw materials. So, for the period 2015-2019. it increased by 217 thousand tons or 51.4‰, amounting to 639 thousand tons in 2019. The increase in the production of both sugar beets and finished products (sugar) directly became possible due to an increase in the yield and quality of beet raw materials. Over the past 5 years (2015-2019), sugar beet yield in the Republic of Belarus in farms of all categories increased by 124 kg / ha (or 31.4‰) and amounted to 519 kg / ha, which exceeds sugar yield by 7.5‰ beets in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation for the same period of time. This is mainly due to the relatively high level of technical equipment of Belarusian agricultural producers, their use of new highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar beets, including some of them Belarusian selection, as well as the introduction of scientifically based standards of organic and mineral fertilizers. Thus, the Republic of Belarus has a significant potential for further increasing the production of sugar beets, sugar and other products of sugar beet processing. In modern conditions, it is important to continue to implement a scientifically based system of measures, including state support, for the further effective development of the subcomplex.
Russia has considerable export potential of the agro industrial complex (hereinafter - AIC), the implementation of which will allow the national economy to stimulate the production competitive in foreign markets. The key condition for exporting agricultural products is the ability to access foreign markets. In this regard, the analysis of the state of the system of promotion of agricultural products becomes relevant. The article considers the national legislation in the field of export of agricultural products. The article analyzes the current state of the system for promoting agricultural products to foreign markets, as well as presents the main measures and tools to support exporters of agro-food products in the Russia.