The study examines the problems and prospects of the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism and human capital as an integral part of it in Russian agriculture. . The effectiveness of the implementation of the principles offunctioning of the agricultural sector determines the effectiveness of management, ensures the functioning of reproduction processes, allows the industry to improve. In agriculture of the country at the present stage of development of the economic system, human capital is one of the determining factors of the industry's competitiveness. Of increasing importance for the development of agriculture is the need to study the system offactors that make up the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of agriculture. The main methodological principles underlying the research are based on the fundamental research of Russian and foreign experts in the field of agro-industrial Economics, factors of formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for sustainable development of the industry based on the development of human capital. As a result of the research, it is established that today the innovative development of agriculture based on human capital in the agro-industrial complex consists of interrelated and interdependent elements involved in the production of the final product.
The article considers human resources as one of the elements of the system of image-forming factors of the North Caucasus federal district along with geographical, economic, social, national links. The region is one of the main Russian «territories of opportunity» and has a demographic, ethnographic, socio-economic, environmental identity. The region has the highest fertility rate in the country, the lowest mortality rate and, accordingly, the highest rate of natural population growth. As a result, the youngest population in the country with a high population density and traditional unemployment was formed here. The North Caucasus Federal District is characterized by a relatively larger average household size - 3.7 people against 2.6 - in Russia. The ethnographic feature of the district among Russian regions is the low share of Russians - within 30‰, and more than half of the population are rural residents who have accumulated many years of experience in agricultural labor. To subjects of regions of North Caucasus federal district свойствен traditionally high unemployment rates. The analysis showed the need to implement a coherent state policy that takes into account the characteristics of the region as a whole and the selectivity of approaches to the development of individual territories of the country. In relation to the North Caucasus Federal District, we consider the restoration, support and development of the real sector of the economy a priority. It is necessary to move from direct or indirect budgetary financing of new jobs to creating favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity, increasing the self-organization of the population, and supporting the long-established individual-family sector. The development of social infrastructure is also important. All this will help increase the income of local budgets and, at the same time, increase confidence in local authorities. At the regional level of human resources management, this has a significant impact on the formation of quality characteristics of the population and its labor activity. The implementation of these tasks and the development of a human development-oriented strategy in the region will ensure an adequate solution to many problems of the population of the district.
The article analyzes the current state of the UK dairy industry, its exports strategy, the development of dairy exports, as well as the possible impact on exports of the corn try’s exi t from the EU. The an alysis showed that the pr o-duction of milk and dairy products is the largest sector of the UK economy. Export of dairy products is growing and is an important part of the dairy market. The key export markets for British dairy products are Europe, North America, Asia and middle East. The country has developed a new export strategy that should improve the export performance of the dairy in dustry. The UK’s exi t from the EU (BREXIT) threatens serious problems for the dairy in dustry, but also opens up new opportunities for its development. Using the experience of the UK in increasing the export of dairy products to world markets will improve the system for supporting the export of this product in Russia.
The article analyzes the theoretical position of the content of the economy, culture and education, set out in the writings of scientists involved in the study of this problem. Based on a deep analysis of the processes occurring in the economy, culture and education, their interrelation and influence on the growth of the economy was revealed. As a promising direction of sustainable economic growth, a proposal to create conditions for the formation and use of capital of labor is justified. It emphasizes the special role of the agrarian production economy in the growth of the country's economy, labor productivity and raising the living standards of the population. On the basis of taking into account these methodological proposals, it is proposed to develop an economic policy capable of coordinating national projects. At the same time, special attention is paid to management and, in particular, control functions for the implementation of national projects. Along with this, the role of the digital economy in increasing production efficiency is justified, because it allows us not only to work most efficiently and save resources, but also to anticipate what we will succeed if we do this an d avoid mistakes. An d errors can be avoided by an alyzing what we are doing, an d it’s best to do it in virtual systems, in a virtual environment, increasing the level of culture. The role of economic culture in economic growth is substantiated.
The article covers the most important factor of the global organic market development - international trade of organic products. World organic trade is mainly sourced by organic agriculture, but supplies of wild collection and organic aquaculture also play a certain role. Organic export is very dynamic and grows faster being compared to the domestic consumption of organic products. The main reasons for this are the wide spreading of the environmental mentality and popularization of healthy food in an increasing number of countries, the growing sustainable demand on various types of organic products (caused, among other things, by income growings in developing countries) as well as the increase in the number of bilateral agreements on the equivalence of organic products. In 2018 the export of organic products was carried out by 126 countries. The volume of the world organic export from countries and dependent territories reporting the related information totaled 17, 8 billion dollars (15,1 billion euros). For a number of developing countries, the organic export is an important support for the national economy. The article analyzes the dynamics and geographical structure of organic exports, identifies the largest exporters and importers of organic products, as well as countries where organic export has a noticeable share in total agricultural export. Examples of institutional and regulatory support for the organic export and regulation of organic import are given. We also consider the indicators of the organic export development in Russia and formulate general proposals for the optimization in this area.
Management for optimal placement and specialization of agricultural organizations should be justified and confirmed taking into account their functional relationship in the field of agricultural production. Experts and statistical analysis are usually used for those tasks, which requires significant costs and time to execute. However, with the mass digitalization of economic processes and the transition to information technologies of the digital economy, it is possible and necessary to implement these tasks using machine learning and artificial intelligence. These technologies can be effectively automated and adapted to changing economic, technical and social conditions of the market economy.
The paper considers a methodological example of the development of an econometric model and its use for solving problems of sustainable development. This example demonstrates the method of applying econometric models to build economic regulators that ensure sustainable development. Several models are considered, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, has its own scope of application in the study of the problem of sustainable development of agriculture and can be used both independently and in combination with models of other classes. The development of Dagestan is characterized by an extreme variety of natural and climatic conditions, significant differences in the economic development and specialization of individual regions, and nowhere else in Russia is the ethnic diversity of the population. As we know from the theory of sustainable development, diversity is a necessary condition for the sustainability of the agro ecosystem, but in order to ensure sustainable development, you need to be able to
The article shows the results of systematization and generalization of scientific and theoretical provisions on economic security, adapted for agricultural producers. It is proved that the main condition for the effective work of agro-industrial enterprises is to ensure a number of criteria that form a stable and safe functioning in the regional market. The state designs and regulates macroeconomic parameters and conditions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises.
The article considers the significance of the farm in modern conditions, trends in the development of the farm sector in dynamics in the context of its main resources – labor, acreage of crops, livestock, basic means of production and the effectiveness of their use. The main channels for selling farm products, the availability of marketing infrastructure and their impact on production efficiency are noted. The analysis of information from questionnaires, owners of farms, the level and direction of state support for the farming sector is also presented.
The work focuses on the assessment of reproduction processes in an agricultural organization using the example of JSC «Agrofirma Mtsenskaya», Mtsensky District, Orel Region. A block diagram of the definition of reproduction processes in agricultural organizations is presented. The spectrum and the range of indicators for assessing the type of reproductive processes in agricultural organizations of the Orel region are determined. An assessment is given to indicators of the size and economic efficiency of the activities of JSC «Agrofirma Mtsenskaya». The tendencies of changes in the main indicators for labor resources, fixed and working capital are identified and the dynamics of their use in the organization under study is evaluated. The analysis of the dynamics of the sources of the formation of reproduction processes, including state financial support. The indicators for assessing the level of reproductive processes in JSC «Agrofirma Mtsenskaya» were calculated with the subsequent identification of the type of reproduction process in the organization for the purposes of the long-term development of the organization on the basis of a system for generating funding sources for various types of reproduction and measures for influencing them.