The article considers the phenomenon of local rural communities, in relation to their place, role and importance in the development of rural areas and the domestic agro-industrial complex. It is noted that local communities are not just a collection of residents of rural areas. The local rural community is a social system that reflects the characteristic aspects of organization, self-government, integrity, expediency and openness. However, as interdisciplinary studies show, the importance of local communities as organized purposeful systems has not been sufficiently studied, both from a theoretical and methodological point of view, and in the context of practical management and economic activities in the countryside. In the article, based on the generalization of the available theoretical, methodological, law enforcement and practical material, the definition of the concept of "local rural community" is formulated, and the essential basic features and main manifestations of the essence and content of the category "local communities" are identified in relation to rural areas as socio-territorial systems and production systems in the agro-industrial complex. Using the example of rural areas, the article analyzes and formulates the features of the participation of local communities in the implementation of the progressive socio-economic development of rural areas and the domestic agro-industrial complex, taking into account the need to ensure harmonious spatial development and solve problems of food security. The paper outlines the most significant aspects of the functioning and development of local communities that are of particular importance for the development of rural areas and the agro-industrial complex. It is noted that local rural communities grow both social and production leaders in the countryside. In addition, local communities promote production and other cooperation in agriculture. It is extremely important that, namely, local communities are a tool for identifying, updating and implementing the missions of rural settlements, as a social basis for the viability and strategic sustainability of the village as a social and production phenomenon. The article also formulated a number of recommendations to ensure the harmonious development of rural areas and production systems in the agro-industrial complex based on the implementation of the role of local rural communities. In particular, it was concluded that, from the point of view of state agrarian policy, it is necessary to pay special attention to taking into account the opinion and goal-setting of local communities in terms of building long-term plans for the social and economic development of the village. The article substantiates the need for further research on the place and role of local rural communities in terms of the integrated socio-economic development of rural areas and the agro-industrial complex in Russia.
In modern conditions, agri-food systems are forced to adapt to global risks and uncertainties. The positive dynamics of the development of the situation with ensuring world food security is possible only if various risk assessment methods are used, which gives a specific management tool that allows you to predict the consequences and take measures to prevent or reduce risks. Effective implementation of risk assessment approaches is an integral part of risk management. Systematic analysis and assessment of the risks of achieving food security will allow for more realistic planning; timely and effective adoption of necessary measures and achievement of goals and objectives; understanding and use of all favorable opportunities; effective management of project and economic costs; flexibility as a result of understanding all options and associated risks; development of innovative approaches to management; reduction of the impact of unforeseen and adverse situations as a result of effective planning. Thus, the study of risks and methodological approaches to their assessment acquires particular relevance, theoretical and practical significance.
The article considers small forms of management that play an important role in agriculture in Russia. The Government promotes the development of small forms of management, through various kinds of state support measures. The article touches on the theoretical aspects of the organizational and legal forms of peasant farms. Based on the analysis of farmers' appeals in specialized network resources of farmers' associations and on the agro-industrial portal, the problems of MFH related to the promotion and sale of manufactured products have been identified. Modern methods and tools for promoting and marketing products of small farms are considered. Recommendations have been developed for the promotion and profitable sale of products of small farms of the LO.
Agriculture of the Republic (Sakha) Yakutia is a risky industry for the region, depending on natural and climatic factors, land potential, human capital, and government funding. The development of animal husbandry in the republic, which has historically been the leading industry in agriculture, is influenced by various factors: conditions of maintenance, feeding, temperature regime, breed diversity, gene pool of Yakut cattle. The qualitative characteristics of Yakut cattle are represented by unique hereditary traits capable of forming the unpretentiousness of animals to harsh northern conditions and high fat content of milk. That is why the creation, functioning and further development of breeding reproducers, gene pool nurseries, as well as basic farms engaged in breeding and breeding work, is becoming a particularly urgent issue in order to preserve and further increase the gene pool of Yakut cattle. The article argues for the inhibiting factors of the development of the Yakut cattle gene pool and substantiates the main measures for the conservation of animal genetic resources and management of breed diversity in the Republic (Sakha) Yakutia.
The article considers the concept of the dairy industry, defines its structure and composition. The analysis of the state of the dairy industry of the Kirov region was carried out. In particular, an analysis of milk production is given, the results of which show a growing volume of milk production in agricultural organizations and an increase in the productivity of a dairy herd. The dynamics of milk production in the districts of the Kirov region, which showed significant differences between them, is considered. The state of milk processing enterprises of the Kirov region is also analyzed and the factors hindering their development are revealed. Based on the results of the study, problems and potential opportunities for the development of the dairy industry of the Kirov region were identified.
The article is devoted to the problems of providing agricultural producers with agricultural machinery for fertilization under the conditions of sanctions pressure. The application of mineral and organic fertilizers directly affects the production of agricultural products, raw materials and food. Therefore, it is of great importance to provide agricultural producers with agricultural machinery for fertilization. To overcome sanctions from Western countries, import substitution of such agricultural machinery used in the production of agricultural products in agricultural organizations is required. The article provides a justification for the need to increase the provision of this agricultural machinery and shows the level of this provision at the present time. The problems of import substitution in the market of agricultural machinery for the application of mineral and organic fertilizers in Russia, as well as such types of state support as support for domestic producers of agricultural machinery and providing agricultural producers with agricultural machinery for fertilization at the federal level, such as preferential lending, delivery under leasing agreements of agricultural machinery and equipment, unrelated support, exemption from transport tax of agricultural machinery are considered and equipment and organization of their inter-farm use. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the provision of agricultural producers with agricultural machinery for fertilization, the main directions of solving this problem in the conditions of sanctions pressure have been identified.
The dynamic development of the pig industry in Russia is associated with an increase in the production of waste requiring efficient disposal. Among them, animal excrement occupies a leading place, containing a significant amount of mineral nutrition elements, which makes them a valuable type of fertilizer for most agricultural crops. Within the framework of this work, in order to identify the economic features of the use of pig manure, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of applying various fractions and doses of organic fertilizer in the conditions of fodder crop rotation was performed. Manure of various fractions (initial, solid, liquid) for field experiments was taken from enterprise Zavolzhskoye of the Tver region and was introduced in the field experiment on the basis of the Tver State Agricultural Academy in the system of autumn soil preparation before the crop rotation starting (1. Annual herbs; 2. Winter rye; 3. Barley). It was found that the introduction of fractions of pig manure in doses of 100 and 200 kg / ha of the active substance nitrogen allows to obtain an increase in the yield of fodder crops in value terms up to 40 thous. rub./ ha at the level of additional income up to 25 thous. rub./ha and recoupment of application costs up to 3.06 rub/rub. In descending order of effectiveness, the fractions of manure were placed as follows: solid → liquid → initial. At the next stages of the work, it is supposed to study the feasibility of using composted fractions of pig manure.
The article substantiates the relevance of monitoring the spatial development of rural areas. The theoretical aspects of its development and testing, including the allocation of the principles of monitoring organization, are considered. On their basis, in turn, the purpose, objectives, object, subject, stages of implementation, features of the formation of a database, a support system and an information base are determined. The aim of the study was to develop a logical sequence for monitoring the spatial development of rural areas from a theoretical and methodological point of view. When writing the article, monographic and abstract-logical research methods were used, as well as methods of system analysis and economic comparison. The result of the study was to obtain a clearly constructed algorithm for monitoring the spatial development of the village. Also, the organization and conduct of the proposed monitoring should lead to the following results: the formation of a reliable information base on the state of rural space in the context of regions and municipalities, assessment of the organization of rural space and the development of directions for its further development, substantiation of proposals and recommendations for improving rural development management.
The article examines the current state of the fruit and vegetable subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex in Russia and the opportunities for the development of domestic production of fruit and vegetable products due to import substitution. The level of economic availability of fruit and vegetable products in the Federal Districts of Russia, the dynamics of the volume of imports of fruit and vegetable products to Russia, the volume of production and consumption, self-sufficiency in fruit and vegetable products is analyzed. The priority regions for increasing the production of fruit and vegetable products, as well as measures of state regulation of the industry are considered: the development of wholesale and logistics centers, lending, insurance, investments, modernization, deep processing, digitalization.
The article presents the author's methodological approach to the study of the agricultural land market, applicable to individual administrative-territorial entities on the territory of the Russian Federation. The proposed approach is based on the use of the principles of segmentation of the land market, existing practical methods for analyzing market mechanisms and is aimed at obtaining and processing general statistical information describing the state of the market. It allows you to determine a set of market indicators (indicators) of general and particular types, which have a wide range of uses both in the field of forecasting the activities of the agricultural sector, and in terms of justifying the value of land as part of such a subject. Particular attention is paid to empirical data that form the basis of the final result and the possibility of obtaining the desired values that really interpret the current market situation. The research algorithm used involves the formation of a statistically significant data sample, eliminating information on transactions that do not correspond to the essence of the concept of "market value". The paper identifies indicators that most fully characterize the state of the land market, as well as indicators (indicators) that characterize the economic consequences of transactions. The author's methodological approach has been tested in the Republic of Tatarstan, which is part of the Volga economic region of the Russian Federation.