The article deals with the production and consumption of milk products in the municipalities of the Bryansk region for almost sixty years. Differences between municipalities in providing the local population with dairy products are revealed, negative consequences are shown, and measures to overcome them are determined. Contradictions of effective development of dairy cattle breeding, providing the population of municipalities with the main types of dairy products in the course of policy planning and development of monopolies, are revealed. Their enrichment through the price mechanism was the main reason for the destruction of the technical and social potential of agricultural enterprises, a deep decline in milk production and the resulting differentiation of municipalities in the provision of population with dairy products. There were significant flows of milk and dairy products to the municipalities of the region organized by large commercial businesses, which hindered the development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas and the integrated use of rural resources. The issues of export-import policy of the Bryansk region and the possibility of using social and economic levers to regulate the market of dairy products that affect their consumption by the population are discussed.
In the new conditions of economic development associated with the advent of the fourth technological revolution, based on digital technologies and innovations, cluster principles and technologies of production organization began to develop rapidly. Cluster technologies that have been widely developed in industrially developed countries allow us to find a new approach to analyzing the industrial structure of industrial production in the fisheries sector, to identify priority areas that will ensure efficient use of resources for the production of various food products. On their basis, secondary resources for the production of fish meal, fish oil, components for the perfume and cosmetics industry and other sectors of the national economy will be involved in economic turnover. Clustering of production organization and the increasing role of structural transformation in the development of the fisheries sector will obviously be further developed in certain sectors of the industry. The implementation of structural reforms taking into account the accumulation of various factors of production will give an additional impetus only on the basis of modern scientific achievements and technologies that can ensure the creation of new production facilities for the production of innovative products of deep processing of fish raw materials.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the financial condition of twelve enterprises of the Oryol region, representing the four links of the grain food chain - grain production, grain storage, flour production and baking. Based on the estimates obtained, one can state a significant differentiation of the financial condition both between the links and in each link. The available information does not allow revealing the facts of price abuse in grain food chains, but this will become possible when the activities of enterprises become information transparent. The manifestation of the consequences of price dominance is most likely at the junction of the interests of trade organizations with bakeries and bakeries - with flour mills.
The choice of the most optimal options for the placement of agriculture in order to increase its efficiency requires unconditional consideration of the complex of factors that form them. To a large extent, the cumulative influence of such factors is accumulated by the zoning of the territory of agricultural regions. For this purpose, in 1957, the soil and climatic zoning of the Stavropol Territory was carried out, occupying an area of 66.2 thousand square meters. km and having 5787 thousand hectares of agricultural land. In 1968, it was replaced by economic zoning based on the established specialization of agricultural production and, as a rule, did not coincide with agro-climatic and soil boundaries. But already at the end of the 80s in the region, on the basis of many years of scientific research, four agricultural zones were identified, heterogeneous in soil and climatic conditions, production and industry specifics and economic efficiency. They received the names - sheep-breeding, grain-sheep-breeding, grain-cattle breeding, resort area with the corresponding inclusion of specific rural areas. However, the sharp curtailment of fine-wool sheep breeding in the early 2000s led to a deterioration in the socio-economic situation, the loss of a highly developed industry and, in general, to a decrease in the efficiency of agriculture in the eastern regions of the Stavropol Territory. Only in recent years the industry has begun to revive, so far mainly through the efforts of private business, somewhat smoothing out the noted contradiction. In addition, the dissonance between the names of the first two agricultural zones and the real sectoral content of agriculture within their borders has become increasingly noticeable. In the future, the need to adapt agricultural production to changes in the agroclimate led to the adjustment of the boundaries of the existing zones while maintaining their previous number. Due to the deep differentiation of the territory of the existing agricultural zones of the region, the typification of rural administrative regions has become relevant, which was carried out on the basis of ecological-landscape and agro-ecological approaches. Thus, in the Stavropol Territory, work continues to improve scientific approaches to the zoning of agriculture and the typification of rural areas. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the study of the zonal features of the agricultural economy in order to introduce economically and socially justified adjustments to the existing options for the industry that determines the living conditions of the population in the corresponding rural areas.
The importance of the small business segment is recognized both for the country's economy and for the development of rural areas. The meat cattle breeding segment stands out as one of the most promising. However, the issue of state support is mostly limited to discussing the amount of subsidies and grants. The authors consider a wider range of institutional issues, without which the existing state support will not be able to ensure the stable development of agricultural small businesses. Two blocks of questions are highlighted and suggestions for their systematic resolution are given: 1. Planned Provision of land for the development of farming. Formation of the concept of "farm" with a fixed purpose of land use. 2. Scientific support. 3. Innovation implementation, training and consulting for both new and existing farms. It is proposed to change the approaches to financing consulting centers with direct communication with the recipient of services. Special attention is paid to the third block of questions.
Already the first steps to implement the national project to increase labor productivity revealed a number of difficulties in its management. They also increased in connection with the beginning of the digital transformation of the project. According to the current situation in this problem, the content of project-digital management is investigated in the work, its key features are identified. With the use of significant amounts of empirical material, the presence of methodological difficulties in calculating indicators has been proved, with sufficient reliability reflecting changes in labor productivity in industries (types of economic activity) and regions. This is especially true for agriculture, where economic and social unjustly low wages persist, which limits the industry's ability to create added value as a determining factor in labor productivity growth. To improve the targeting and adequacy of the tasks set and new tasks arising in the course of the project, it is proposed to assess the achievement of target indicators for each of the industries, and not as a whole for enterprises of the non-resource sector of the regional economy, as recommended by the Methodology developed by the Ministry of Economic Development.
The extent to which agricultural producers function effectively depends directly on the effectiveness of the use of the entire set of available resources, acting as production factors – capital, labor effect, land area, business opportunities. This article presents methods for evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural producers in the aggregate and taking into account the specifics of their organization.
An innovative way of developing the agricultural sector is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Currently, innovation is the basis of economic development, and the needs of innovative development largely determine and stimulate the most important areas of scientific activity. These problems are relevant at the present time, because on the basis of innovative activities in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to solve the problems of ensuring sustainable economic growth by increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products. Russia has a natural base for successful corn cultivation. At the same time, export demand for this crop is restrained due to the low quality of products. The article considers the conditions for increasing the competitiveness of Russian corn on world markets, where one of the main ones is the introduction of innovative technologies in production.
In this article the author paid attention to the management in the agricultural sector especially the management of this sphere at the state level. The results of the analysis and synthesis of points of view of researchers taking place in the economic science the conceptual apparatus of such scientific categories as «public management », «municipal management » had refined, the classification of methods of public management and examples of their implementation in the agricultural sector were made.
The article describes the main methodological provisions of the typology of rural areas, including the formulation of its types, criteria and levels, the requirements for the estimated indicators of the development of rural areas and the information base of typology. The issues of application of the results of typology of rural areas and the frequency of their revision are highlighted. The methodology of regional typologization of rural areas according to the complex economic, social and ecological option is presented.