The article is devoted to the problems of development and increasing the efficiency of the use of labor potential in the Agro-industrial complex. The study showed that despite the reduction in the number of workers employed in agricultural production, labor productivity and the volume of output increased significantly, mainly due to the efficient operation of large and super-large agricultural enterprises. The leading position of large agribusiness narrows the market segments of medium and small organizations and exacerbates the polarization of the economic conditions of management and the conditions for the reproduction of labor potential in the Agro-industrial complex. There is a need for an equalization mechanism, state subsidies, which would be aimed at maintaining labor resources in medium and small agricultural producers. Of decisive importance is an increase in investment in fixed capital and an increase in the technical level of production, the capital-labor ratio, and the power-to-labor ratio. In the context of the transition to innovative development models in the Agro-industrial complex, the growth of investment in human capital – in education, healthcare, social and other spheres – is of particular importance.
New phenomena of the development of the global economic complex are largely determined by the trends of changes in the political and economic landscape of individual regions of the world. In this regard, the UK's exit from the EU is a landmark event that defines new vectors of development of the European economy and its most important component – the agricultural sector. More than forty years of experience in the development of agriculture within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy is an intractable foundation for the agricultural industry in the conditions of BREXIT. The article analyzes the conditions for the transformation of the UK agricultural policy after the termination of the CAP instruments, and assesses the effectiveness of transitional measures. The data of experts characterizing the first consequences of the new configuration of the industry development before and after the UK's exit from the EU are presented.
The article notes that due to the aggravation of the crisis in the Russian economy in the near future, it will most likely not be possible to increase budget support for agricultural producers. In this regard, in the field of public administration, the need to implement the reserves for the development of the agro-industrial complex associated with the demonopolization of the economy comes to the fore. The unresolved nature of this problem has led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. This manifested itself, in particular, in the fact that, despite the large potential of the industry, and a third of a century that has passed since the beginning of reforms, the food problem in Russia is far from being solved. One of the main reasons for this is that the public administration system not only does not prevent, but, on the contrary, comprehensively stimulates the monopolization of the economy and the concentration of production in the agro-industrial complex and other areas of the country's economic complex. As a result, the prime cost and retail prices for agricultural products and products of its processing are growing rapidly, as a result of which every year they become less affordable for the main groups of the population. In addition, as the positions of monopoly enterprises, including large agricultural holdings, to which the state provides budget support as a priority, strengthen, the conditions for small agricultural producers become less and less favorable. Thus, the actual principle of the harmonious development of all forms of management is violated, it is not taken into account that these producers are the most sustainable and socially oriented, while agricultural holdings contribute to a decrease in employment and incomes of the rural population, its outflow to cities and the deterioration of the environment. In order to strengthen the economy of agricultural producers, increase the availability of food for the population, create more favorable prerequisites for the development of the social sphere of the village, and solve other problems of the agro-industrial complex, it is recommended to strengthen the influence of the state on the pricing policy of enterprises in the fuel and energy complex, retail chains and other monopolists, it is proposed specific measures in this area
The problem of increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy in conditions of economic pressure from «unfriendly» countries is one of the cornerstone aspects of solving the strategic task of food security and food independence of the country. The observed processes in the investment sphere indicate an increase in tension in the renewal of the material and technical base of agricultural producers, which led to a reduction in agricultural machinery in both large and medium-sized and small agricultural organizations. And, as the analysis of anti-sanctions measures shows, they are mainly aimed at supporting large and medium-sized agricultural businesses. Studies have also revealed the time- and scale-limited effect of anti-sanctions measures and support for agricultural producers. The article substantiates the judgment on the need to intensify the use of measures to increase the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector as part of measures to attract long-term capital to the development of the rural local economy as a whole. The analysis revealed that the share of profit, one of the most important sources of investment in fixed assets, which the producer directed to the acquisition of means of production during the study period is decreasing, despite a significant increase in absolute terms. This indicates, in our opinion, the need to adjust measures to stimulate measures of state support for investments in agriculture, taking into account the linking of co-financing and the share of profits of agricultural business owners in the total mass aimed at these purposes. In the course of the study, it was proposed to highlight the investment attractiveness of «agricultural business» and «agricultural production» as different directions for stimulating capital inflows in terms of goals and objectives.
In ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation, state regulation and support for the agro-industrial complex are of paramount importance. In the country there has been created, used and improved the relevant legislative and regulatory framework at the federal, regional and municipal levels. Measures of the state support for agricultural producers, processors of agricultural products, logistics and trade enterprises in general demonstrate their effectiveness. The system of subsidizing the Russian agro-industrial complex is strategically aimed at achieving the goals and fulfilling the tasks defined in the Food Security Doctrine, maintaining the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production. The organizational and economic mechanism used in practice includes a set of actions, methods and tools that take into account the problems of import substitution in the context of the anti-Russian sanctions, specifics of the regional agro-industrial complex, the need to harmonize actions of all the participants in the agri-food market with a balanced consideration of their interests. An important direction in improving the state support consists in minimizing current risks and threats to the country's food security. Of great importance is the optimization of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the state support measures
The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the determining role and importance of the formation of clusters of innovative type in the development of strategic directions for the sustainable development of the regional agro-industrial complex. The article updates that the use of clustering and the introduction of cluster technologies contributes to the formation of a mechanism for strategic planning and forecasting of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex at the level of federal entities. The creation of agrocluster structures seems to be a promising area of research, taking into account the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of circular economics. The introduction of cluster technologies and the development of cluster solutions make it possible to eliminate negative sanctions and restrictions, and effectively implement an import substitution policy in the agricultural sector of the economy. The formed clusters for the development of agriculture and the food industry in the federal constituent entities of our country are presented. Within the framework of the study, the most significant agricultural cluster structures of the Sverdlovsk region on a regional scale were identified. It has been shown that the production of innovative products is effective on the basis of cluster interaction and cooperation formed during the implementation of the cycle «science – technological development – experimental production – mass production». Promising directions of efficiency of clustering of the agri-food sphere of rural areas have been formed. The practical results of calculating localization indices for individual innovative agro-industrial clusters of the Ural Federal District are reflected. The main factor in conducting scientific research is the determining role and importance of innovative clusters on a regional scale. Active stimulation of the processes of creation and development of innovative agro-industrial clusters will contribute to the expansion and expansion of production capacities, auxiliary industries and the realization of the capabilities and strategic potential of agricultural formations. The authors summarize that as a result of clustering, a multiplier effect arises, directly aimed at achieving sustainable development of the regional agro-industrial complex, the positive functioning of rural areas and settlements, and improving the standard of living of the rural population
The network retail trade in food products is a highly efficient branch of the economy. It is high-tech, customer-friendly, but some aspects of its operation are perceived as alarming and even undesirable. The share of foreign capital is significant in the ownership structure. All large networks have offshore divisions, and most of the net profit is transferred abroad. Traditional forms of retail food trade cannot compete and are going bankrupt. This, in turn, has a negative impact on small-scale agricultural production. Conflict relations with manufacturers (suppliers) over supply prices and bonus payments cause concern. In the retail segment of activity, the practice of establishing excessively high trade margins is ambiguously perceived. The average levels of trade margins, which are almost twice as high as those of foreign retail chains, seem not quite reasonable. The article outlines measures to strengthen the administrative regulation of the activity of network food trade, including restrictions on its further expansion and regulation of prices and trade margins. A possible decrease in the efficiency of trade networks will increase the competitiveness of non-network forms of trade and small-scale agricultural enterprises
The article analyses the state and potential of the grain market of African countries, the possibility of increasing Russian grain exports in the new radically changed conditions of export activity of Russian business. The prospects for increasing Russian grain business in Africa are considered in the interrelation of three blocks: the place of Africa as a major importer on the world grain market (volumes, structure, promising areas of development from the angle of interests of Russian business), the state of Russian grain exports to African countries (structure, geography of supplies, specifics of work), the development of grain exports of the Russian Federation to Africa under sanctions pressure and sanctions restrictions and taking into account the export potential of the Russia by types of grain crops (production and consumption balances, export potential, state support, problems, mechanisms and methods of development)
The modern domestic market of agricultural machinery and equipment has developed as part of a global one, so it is influenced by both internal and external circumstances. The imposed sanctions force market participants to rebuild and look for ways of further development. By its composition, the agricultural machinery market is multi-complex and multi-layered, but it is subject to the action of economic laws, which requires the study of multidirectional trajectories, largely interdependent. A feature of domestic agricultural production is a significant number of small farms that do not have financial stability and stable solvency, but need to replenish their fleet with various types of modern equipment. Unfortunately, this aspect is not taken into account when developing state programs to support agricultural machinery and food producers. The expansion of research and development, the creation of economically favorable conditions will help the formation of production localization centers in Russia. In the interests of farmers, small producers and households of the population, it is necessary to create machine-technological stations and issue grants for the creation of service cooperatives
The work is devoted to the problems of ensuring food independence, as well as economic and physical accessibility of food as the basis for the formation of national interests of food security in Russia. The assessment of the levels of food independence for certain types of agricultural products, raw materials and food in Russia is given and their optimal structural levels are presented. A critical assessment of the list of indicators in the field of ensuring food security in Russia in the areas of economic and physical accessibility, as well as sustainable development of rural areas is given for their timely correction and assessment of the possibility of using additional indicative groups and certain types of indicators. The list of priority strategic national interests of Russia in the field of food security has been supplemented