Abstract. The relevance of this study is determined by the socio-economic importance and priority of the development of industrial horticulture in the Republic of Dagestan. The article discusses the main directions of increasing the provision of the population with fresh fruits, vegetables and products of their processing. The purpose of the article is to reveal the possibilities of restoration and effective functioning of industrial gardening through economic and organizational transformations in the region. The theoretical basis of the research was the works of domestic agricultural economists on the development of agriculture. Economic and statistical methods were used. The information base was the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Dagestan, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Dagestan, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Republic of Dagestan. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of absolute and relative indicators is carried out: gross harvest, areas of perennial plantings, yield, balance of resources and use of fruits and berries for the period 2015-2021. It has been established that the rapid growth of quantitative indicators of horticulture development is not accompanied by qualitative changes in the sub-sector, this characterizes this situation rather as a breakthrough, but not development. The structure of fruit and berry production in the region has not changed, and personal subsidiary farms of the population still occupy the leading position (88%). The issues of agricultural consumer cooperation and agro-industrial integration are being updated. The tasks of restoring the basics of horticulture – fruit nursery are revealed. The necessity of organizing basic nurseries in three natural and climatic zones of the republic is indicated. The problems of scientific and organizational-economic support of the sub-sector of horticulture and the fruit processing industry are identified. Conclusions. It is established that the work on the development of industrial horticulture in the region should be aimed at creating favorable infrastructural conditions in rural areas, improving the efficiency of agricultural and processing enterprises, the quality of products, rational use of production resources. The necessity of developing a regional strategy for the development of horticulture has been identified, which, by setting long-term goals, will speed up the solution of topical regional issues of food supply. The materials of the conducted research will be useful in drawing up regional strategies and programs for the development of the fruit subcomplex
The results of research on updating the reference and information database named as «Authority file: research institutions in agricultural field» of the FSBSI CSAL generation are presented. The database contains reference information, historical data about modern and defunct scientific agricultural institutions, provides a search for publications of institutions in the information resources. In 2023, the database was replenished with authority data in the amount of 85 entries for the names of modern scientific agrarian institutions and agricultural institutions of the XIX century. The reliability of data on institutions has been monitored, necessary amendments and additions to the authority records have been made, and links with the information resources have been established. Work has been carried out for updating, editing and adapting the database content in a new software environment – the OPAC-Global Automated Library and Information System. The operations on editing and automatic replacement of individual elements of the authority records, on automatic replacement of data in controlled access points of bibliographic records when changing the authority data are given. The works on setting up the program functions for creating, editing, deleting authority records, and organizing hierarchical relationships are described. The database accumulates information about scientific agricultural institutions from reliable sources and provides users with free access to authority data on the FSBSI CSAL website.
The improvement of spatial placement, increasing the production of scarce agricultural products, export potential, the emergence of new technologies in agriculture are factors of the development of the industry in modern conditions. Specialized high-tech zones for the production of agricultural products are of a fundamental order, represent objectively existing processes and are amenable to targeted regulation. The formation and development of specialized high-tech zones are part of the direction of economic growth, which is based on the provisions on the need to create conditions for maintaining positive economic trends in interaction with social, environmental and other processes affecting the agricultural economy. The use of economic and natural resources from the standpoint of efficiency is the main task of the formation, development of high-tech production zones and their management. A tool for the development of high-tech zones for the production of certain types of products is a comprehensive and purposeful work on the rational use of resources. The article assesses the influence of production factors in agriculture of the South Siberian macroregion with the help of production functions. The authors show models of factor dependence of agricultural production in the macroregion on the resources consumed. Based on the presented data, it is possible to analyze the processes associated with the formation of specialized high-tech production zones in agriculture and their management, to make a cartography of the consumed types of production factors for targeted use in the process of managing them, resource conservation and efficient use
The information presented on the web pages of libraries of research institutes and agricultural universities on the Internet is considered. It has been established that out of 230 research institutions (RI) of the AIC 221 have their own websites on the Internet. Of them, only 82 websites (32 research institutes and 50 universities) have web pages of scientific libraries. The level of representation of scientific agricultural libraries on the Internet is very different. The FSBSI CSAL is most fully represented, it is the only library that has its own website. CSAL has made almost all library services remote, in particular, an electronic counterpart of a traditional library. On most web pages there are headings: electronic catalog, officer’s works database of works of employees, electronic library, virtual exhibitions, and library history. It has been established that only 29 web pages have information about services. The main (free) and additional (paid) services of libraries of agricultural universities are considered. It is noted that some services can be obtained remotely. It has been concluded that in order to create common information space of the industry and digital knowledge space, it is necessary that all libraries of the AIC RI digitalize their information resources and present them on the Internet.
The article presents the current state of the agricultural machinery fleet (tractors and combine harvesters) and elevator capacities. The role of the material and technical base in ensuring the continuity of agricultural production is described. In the article, the authors propose to use a set of key measures that will contribute to the development of the agro-industrial complex and ensure the continuity of agricultural production, in particular: the creation of machine-technological companies that provide the full range of services for seasonal field work, as well as the implementation of standard projects of elevator complexes (including the necessary and a sufficient list of equipment)
The article pays much attention to the assessment of the current state and prospects of development of the reindeer herding subindustry as the traditional basis of life, life, culture and existence of indigenous peoples inhabiting those countries in the world where the reindeer herding subindustry exists, including the Russian North. Russia is rich in territories where reindeer husbandry can develop in the tundra taiga, forest-tundra and mountain-taiga zones. A large part of small-numbered indigenous peoples live far away from civilization, especially in the hard-to-reach Northern regions, where land transportation is available only in winter and air travel dominates year-round; however, due to high flight costs, food delivery becomes very expensive, and food is unaffordable and the only way to survive is through traditional activities (hunting, fishing, reindeer herding). In the modern world much attention is paid to the industrial development of the territories of the North, which at the moment is restrained by the territories reserved for indigenous minorities, thereby preserving the ecology of these areas. The article is devoted to methodical and applied problems of development of Northern reindeer breeding, identification of perspective, economically effective directions of development of the branch. The article shows the dynamics of reindeer herd indicators in Yakutia by all categories of farms from 1986 to 2021, with the average annual number of reindeer population being 221,083 head. It was revealed that with each year the number of reindeer herds decreased by 2% on average. The linear model of dynamics was considered and the forecast values till 2030 were given. As a result, the conclusion was made that in the case of failure to take appropriate measures, the reindeer population in the Republic will decrease to 102,827 heads by 2030. The main task of reindeer breeding in Russia, including the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is to preserve and restore the most important indicator of the subindustry – the number of reindeer with an increase in the slaughter weight of the carcass. The conclusion of the article formed conclusions and suggestions, the main of which are that the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) needs to restore the previous level of the subindustry, despite the fact that here was organized farm most effectively, with time insufficient equipment of reindeer farms special production equipment and technical means for storage, processing products of reindeer husbandry, as well as to monitor animal diseases and threats of attack from predators, lack of advanced technology.
The article reflects the issues concerning the need for the cultivation of technical hemp in Russia, the revival of the hemp subsubindustry in Russia as a profitable and environmentally friendly branch of agriculture. The paper calculates the volume of investments for the modernization of the material and technical base of organizations engaged in the cultivation and harvesting of technical hemp for fiber with the direct support of the state, and also considers investment options in fixed assets of hemp-growing farms. Hemp farming is one of the promising areas of agricultural production development in our country. The products of the hemp subsubindustry are the main source of raw materials for the textile, food, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, medical, defense industries, construction subindustry and others. The development of the production of traditional bast fibers for our country – flax and hemp – is one of the opportunities to solve strategic problems of import substitution of cotton. Hemp is one of the promising agricultural crops in Russia, and millions of hectares of unoccupied arable land, which are located in an ideal climatic zone, are optimally suited for its cultivation. Thus, Russia is able to become a world power for the production of this agriculture. In this regard, the formation and development of the hemp growing sub-sector is of particular relevance
The effect of hybrid and foliar fertilizing with complex fertilizers on the productivity and economic efficiency of white cabbage production has been studied. It is shown that in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation (Tver region), the cultivation of the studied hybrids of white cabbage is economically advantageous. It allows you to receive from a hectare of conditionally net income from 811.4 to 1015.8 thousand rubles/ha, with a level of profitability of production from 103.2 to 106.3%, the cost of heads from 1453.9 to 1476.5 rubles/kg and their yield from 53.0 to 65.7 tons/ha. The Zenon F1 hybrid was distinguished by the best indicators of productivity (61.1 t/ha) and economic efficiency of cultivation. The cultivation of white cabbage is most advantageous when using foliar top dressing with Aquarin 5, which increased the conditional net income by 145.5-166.9 thousand rub/ha due to an increase in yield (by 9.5-10.6 t/ha)
The article discusses the main trends and prospects for the development of the meat and meat products market in the context of the structural transformation of the Russian agricultural sector. The study analyzed the main indicators of the meat and meat products market: the volume and structure of production and consumption, as well as changes in the proportions of foreign trade. In recent years, the trend of growth in the production of meat and meat products continues with a significant reduction in imports. This was facilitated by the measures taken by the state to support the agro-industrial complex, as well as the imposition of an embargo on the import of agricultural products, raw materials and food from a number of countries. The current situation in the world market of meat and meat products and its development trends give grounds to believe that the prospects for expanding Russia's presence in already developed markets and entering new markets are real. To form export potential and increase competitiveness in international markets, economic entities need to stimulate the development of innovative processes, ensure that additional requirements for meat characteristics are met, introduce product and process innovations, and develop new methods and approaches to managing innovative development.
The article presents the strategic long-term goal of social development of rural areas and tasks in this area for the medium term. The directions of promising transformations on the main aspects of social transformations and organizational and economic mechanisms of their implementation are outlined, including spatial development, architectural and planning organization of rural settlements, demographic processes, employment of rural population and material well-being of rural households, increasing the availability of comfortable housing and services to the rural population of social sectors: preschool and secondary general education, healthcare, culture, physical culture and sports, organizations of social services for the elderly and disabled, commercial and household enterprises, state, municipal and financial and credit services. Measures are proposed to improve the level and reliability of financial support for the social development of rural areas.