The article presents the history of the development of scientific subjects of research unit price and financial-credit relations in agriculture FSBSI AESDRA VNIIESH. At the same time, the relevance of the ongoing developments is justified by the problems of economic regulation of relations in the agro-industrial complex, corresponding to the time period under consideration.
The paper provides an analysis of small business support development in agriculture. Particular stress in the work is put on novels induced by the passing of the national project «Small and medium-sized business and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative» and the federal project «Creation of a support system for farmers and the development of rural cooperation». The main changes are related to the expansion of grant support for novice farmers as well as implementation of subsidies for the creation of agricultural consumer cooperatives and competence centers in the field of agricultural cooperation and support for farmers. The author reveals the content of new state support instruments for agricultural cooperatives. The paper highlights the drawbacks in the implementation of innovations caused by two rules for small business support in the current state program for agriculture.
Currently, the agricultural sector of the economy is characterized by a multi-structure. It includes subjects of various organizational and legal forms that have their own specific features of economic activity and level of development. An integrated classification of all subjects of agricultural production is presented in statistical estimates, which divides the entire population into three categories: agricultural organizations, peasant farms, and population farms. As shown by numerous scientific studies, each of the presented categories is endowed with historically and organizationally formed functional properties of economic, social and environmental characters. A General criteria - based assessment of the effectiveness of their activities will allow us to assess changes in the forms of ownership and management in the agricultural sector, the goals of their owners, specialists and managers, adjust the directions of state support, and strengthen the justification of forecasts. In the course of the research, a system of methods of economic analysis was used, including generalization of scientific literature, expert and comparative assessments, and calculation of indices. In the article the author presents the evolution of the concept of "efficiency", the classification efficiency of economic activities, methods of evaluating the performance of industrial subjects, typology of agricultural producers in accordance with the Civil code of the Russian Federation. For a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of the functioning of organizational and legal forms of agricultural production, a system of indicators reflecting various aspects of their production and economic activities has been developed and methods for calculating the generalizing efficiency indicator based on the reduction of different quality indicators that characterize the use of separate factors of functioning to a single one are presented. For this purpose, the criteria of economic, social and environmental efficiency, features of their assessment for each category of farms, and methods for calculating the overall (integral) indicator are identified.
The article considers the problem of constructing a typology of rural areas in Russia at the level of municipalities (MO). As an information base, the data of Rosstat, the rural census of 2016, the database of municipalities (DB PMO) of the Rosstat, etc. were used. As the basic indicators for typology, the population density and the density of municipal roads on the one hand and crop production are presented as a result of the corresponding calculations and animal husbandry per resident of the Moscow region on the other hand. This made it possible to build a cross-typology of four indicators. A separate class was allocated to the so-called. «Non-peasant territory», that is, areas where the population density significantly exceeds the national average. To solve the problem of gaps and erroneous data, the advanced methods of the R statistical environment were used.
As a result of the study, the necessity of improving the innovation infrastructure, contributing to the full-scale implementation of innovative technologies based on the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, was substantiated. The analysis of the existing innovation infrastructure is carried out, the role of the institute of agricultural consulting in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex is shown. At the beginning of 2019, 87 organizations provided consulting services in the field of agro-industrial complex and rural development in 62 constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the regional level, 16 regional centers have a regional network represented by 190 information and consulting structures. In 2018, they provided 240.7 thousand consulting services to agricultural producers and the rural population, held 2,770 training events attended by more than 99 thousand listeners, introduced 866 innovative products, and implemented 861 innovative projects. On the basis of the existing centers of agricultural consulting at the federal and regional levels, as well as in the structure of agricultural universities, it is proposed to create competence centers for the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex in order to develop digital solutions based on demonstration farms and the subsequent implementation of complex proven solutions in agricultural production, the development of new competencies among specialists of agricultural organizations. The goals and objectives of the Competence Center for the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are grounded, a model for the transfer of innovative technologies based on the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is presented.
The conjuncture of the sectoral markets in Russia includes current changes and fluctuations in the production and marketing of agricultural products. The methodology for studying and analyzing the situation in the commodity markets should be based, first of all, on identifying trends that affect the performance of agricultural producers of all forms of management, finding ways and means to increase the efficiency of their functioning. The sequence of the market research includes the following stages: identifying the main features of the market; collection and processing of market information (economic indicators characterizing the situation in the commodity market); analysis of the situation, which involves identifying trends in the movement of economic indicators, the reasons for the changes occurring in the market, determining the factors under the influence of which the conjuncture is developing in the period under review.
The article presents an analysis of the state and efficiency of the functioning of dairy cattle breeding, assesses the trends and structure of production by categories of farms, identifies the main milk producers for the future, assesses the effectiveness of the development of the industry by groups of agricultural organizations in the Tambov region and in comparison with the regions of the Central Federal District, presents an assessment of the agrarian policy and government support, identified reserves and opportunities for dynamic growth and development of the industry.
In modern conditions, effective development of agricultural production requires significant state support. For this purpose, a Program for the development of agriculture in the Belgorod region was adopted, which provides for a number of measures aimed at increasing the production and sale of agricultural products. Belgorod region is a leader in receiving state support and the effectiveness of implemented measures. Despite this, the effectiveness of state support is not high enough, which is largely due to unstable support mechanisms. Organizational mechanisms, as well as areas of state support, undergo changes almost every year. This, in turn, is connected with new priorities that change every year, organizational and economic mechanisms of state support, and its legal and regulatory support. All this is the result of inconsistent and ill-considered economic policies pursued by Federal government agencies, resulting in a set of negative factors that negatively affect the development of agricultural production. These organizational factors do not allow rural producers to adapt to stable rules for receiving state support. Therefore, the efficiency of using Federal budget funds is not high enough. The same reason does not contribute to a significant impact of state support on the profitability of grain production.
This article provides an assessment of the current state and development trends of the grain production industry in the Orel region. The dynamics of sown areas, yield and gross harvests in the grain production industry is analyzed, and the place of the industry in the land use system is determined. An assessment of the composition and structure of costs for the main production of grain crops, as well as the formation of the cost of production in the industry is given. The dynamics of balance and movement of products in the grain production industry is presented. The trends in the dynamics of the sale of grain crops in agricultural organizations of the Orel region, taking into account the prices and profitability of products in the industry, are revealed, and in general, the efficiency of the grain production industry in the region is assessed.
The development of beef cattle breeding and the saturation of markets with beef and veal is one of the important tasks of ensuring Russia's food independence. The increase in the number of cattle and production volumes is slow, small business often do not have financial stability, and also have outdated material and technical base. The author's goal is to review the latest changes in state support for the development of beef cattle breeding was solved using classical research methods: analysis, induction, deduction, abstract-logical and statistical methods. After studying the state of development of meat cattle breeding in Russia, the author came to the following conclusions: the development of meat cattle breeding in Russia is slow. The most significant growth in production is observed in peasant farms. State support is becoming more focused on small businesses. Agricultural consumer cooperatives play a significant role in the development of beef cattle breeding. Support for agricultural consumer cooperatives can help encourage the creation of sustainable organizations.