The paper focuses on the assessment of the dynamics of production and economic development of the pig industry in the Orel region. The analysis of the dynamics and structure of the livestock of animals in all categories of farms, as well as various categories of animals in the pig industry in organizations of the Orel region. An assessment of the composition and structure of costs for the main production of pork is given with the identification of the dynamics of the formation of the production cost of production in the industry. Attention is paid to the problem of feed consumption and conversion in the pig industry. The assessment of the balance and movement of products in the organizations of the pig breeding industry, as well as state support for the current activities of agricultural organizations. Trends in the economic efficiency of the sale of pork in live weight and the dynamics of primary and industrial processing of pork in organizations are revealed, and an assessment of the efficiency of the industry as a whole is given.
The article assesses the current practice of strategizing the processes of regional agricultural development. To obtain it, we used the method of content analysis of updated strategies for socio-economic development of regions, supplemented by a comparative analysis of the key tasks of agricultural development presented in them, the measures that public authorities intend to implement, and the results they expect. The object base of the analysis includes subjects of the Russian Federation that represent different Federal districts and have a pronounced agricultural orientation. Among them: Voronezh and Tambov regions, Krasnodar territory, the Republic of Altai, Bashkortostan, and TA-tarstan. The strengths of the practice include: setting the key tasks related to the digitalization of agricultural production, the development of intensive technologies based on the use of a new generation of agricultural machinery and technological equipment, the development of production of environmentally friendly products, export-oriented production, the development and commercialization of competitive innovative products and technologies, and reducing the impact of production on the environment; the establishment demanded in the task of measures the implementation of which involves about the regulation mechanism of state management of the economy (the use of project management co-building, breeding and genetic centers of crops, innovation clusters); the introduction of new performance indicators (volume of production of ecologically clean products, export of agricultural products, a number of innovative developments implemented in agriculture, etc.). The weak side of the practice is the limited invariant (common milking of different regions) composition of new tasks for the development of agriculture and the measures required in their implementation, which are associated with the introduction of new forms and tools of public administration.
Scientific and practical interest in cooperation has several centuries. During this time, the idea of cooperation on the principles of voluntariness, mutual assistance and economic benefit has evolved significantly. The association of agricultural producers in consumer cooperatives is possible if there is an economic benefit that independent participants cannot achieve without appropriate cooperation. In the process of creating a cooperative, it is necessary to ensure the uniformity of its members, since the effectiveness and duration of the life of the cooperative are significantly influenced by the interests of the members of the cooperative and constantly changing environmental conditions. State support for cooperatives is necessary if economically weak farms are united, another financial, epidemiological crisis has occurred, etc.
The author analyzes and evaluates the services provided by state employment services (centers) to the rural population, suggests the main directions for improving their activities and improving the balance of the rural labor market.
The article provides a deep analysis of the impact of agricultural labor on the education of a creative personality and the application of creative abilities for the development of an entrepreneur. It is proved that the application of creative abilities manifests itself as an objective necessity in connection with the rapid development of scientific and technological progress. Based on the study of the theoretical views of a number of domestic scientists concerning the problem of developing the creative abilities of the individual, an emphasis is placed on creating conditions for creative work. The negative role of the purchase of land shares by farmers, which generates money-grubbing and greed, destroys the lifestyle of the inhabitants of rural settlements, has been revealed. It was proposed on a legislative basis to introduce the right to redeem land shares by their former owners, regardless of the sale period at the sale price. Extend this right to redeem land shares to all relatives and not necessarily close ones. As a promising direction for the application of creative abilities, the necessity of leased land use and the creation of conditions for the implementation of labor capital and the development of entrepreneurship are substantiated.
The subject of the study is the assessment of the application of a program-oriented approach to the development of road and transport infrastructure in rural areas. The research objects are strategies, programs and projects for the development of Russian Federation transport system in the post-reform period. The goal is to determine on the basis of a quantitative and qualitative assessment the effectiveness of a program-oriented approach to the development of road and transport infrastructure in rural areas. The analysis and evaluation of effectiveness of strategies, programs and projects led to the conclusion about decrease of efficiency of road and transport infrastructure development in rural area, reduction of financial support for road construction and reconstruction, priority development of the federal and regional road and transport infrastructure. There is a discrepancy between the goal of improving the transport accessibility of rural settlements, set out in the Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development until 2030, and the ongoing programs and projects that continue to sequester activities for rural areas and their financial support. In conclusion some measures were proposed to improve the application of the program-targeted approach to the development of rural road transport infrastructure.
The meat market is one of the largest segments of the food market, both in terms of capacity and the number of participants. In conditions of saturation of domestic demand, domestic producers consider meat export as a promising direction of their activities. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to analyze the main trends and factors in the development of domestic meat exports. To achieve the goal, methods of economic analysis, econometric modeling, and the method of expert assessments were used. The results of the study showed that sanctions and the food embargo stimulated exports, at the same time, difficulties emerged with the supply of foreign resources. The supply of Russian products may be in demand in the rapidly growing Asian markets, mainly in China, the largest meat market in the world. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the price competitiveness of domestic products. One of the approaches to assessing the influence of factors on the development of exports is the gravity model. The simulation results showed that with an increase in the distance between trading partners, exports grow, since the main deliveries of products are made to Asian countries farther from the Russian capital. The value of the tariff in the importing country and the ruble exchange rate are of low importance. The presence of a common border between trading partners has a positive impact on the development of exports, while, a common language is not so important for export development. Regional integration (CIS and EAEU) plays an important role in the development of exports. The assessment of the impact of the sanctions is very significant and positive, which is explained by the fact that the preferences of manufacturers in the context of a sharp depreciation of the ruble were more related to exports.
The paper examines the dynamics of the world economy and the impact of COVID-19 coronavirus pandemia on it. The benefits of global economic growth are not distributed equitably among and within countries and make the world highly unstable and subject to risks and uncertainties. It was noted that COVID-19 and a sharp drop in world oil prices have radically worsened the forecasts for the development of the world economy. Now the basic scenarios, among experts, are considered the scenarios that were previously considered as the most pessimistic. The goals set by the UN in the field of sustainable development for the period up to 2030 are of a global nature and require active, joint actions by all countries of the world. It is necessary to keep the world economy from sliding into crisis. Russian agriculture, amid all the difficulties and uncertainties, demonstrates economic resilience to the coronavirus pandemic. In the first half of 2020, there is an increase in exports of products of the Russian agro-industrial complex. It is assumed that an increase in budgetary expenditures in the Russian Federation in accordance with the implementation of national development projects and the consequences of the liberalization of monetary policy should promote economic growth in 2020-2021.
The article deals with the current state of trade in agri-food products in China and the problems on the way of development of its export on the world market. Such factors as trade conflicts with the United States, the global pandemic, and non-compliance of Chinese products with international environmental standards have a negative impact on the development of exports and require active actions on the part of the state. In response to external challenges, China uses a wide range of financial and non-financial measures, including creating a favorable climate for exporters and stimulating measures for the development of high-tech agricultural production, along with measures to develop the production and export of eco-friendly products with high added value and meeting international quality standards.
The paper deals with the problem of optimal planning of the annual program of crop production in an agricultural enterprise. The dependences of crop yields on mineral nutrition elements are determined in the form of nonlinear dependences based on historical data series containing data on crop yields, reserves of mineral nutrition elements in the soil, doses of applied mineral and organic fertilizers. These dependencies are used to develop a fertilizer application plan and justify economically feasible levels of yields in the planning period. The placement of crops according to the best predecessors is formalized on the basis of expertly assigned information on the influence of predecessors in the crop rotation. To obtain cost-effective and sustainable solutions, an algorithm has been developed and tested that implements a series of statistical tests. Randomly selected characteristics of the external environment (parameters in analytical expressions of yields, sales prices, production costs) were compared with the extreme values of the marginal income corresponding to these conditions. Based on the results of statistical tests, the User was provided with information sufficient for a reasonable choice of an option that combines a high economic and financial result with a low risk of not receiving it.