The crisis state of world markets caused by the pandemic negatively affects the domestic production of Russian manufacturers of equipment, feed, feed additives and genetic material. The dependence of the leading meat sub-sectors of the Russian Federation on imports remains. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the pandemic effect on the situation with import substitution of resources necessary for conducting profitable production in poultry, beef cattle and meat processing, as well as to develop recommendations and proposals aimed at improving relations with resource suppliers in conditions of limited import supplies. Materials on the implementation of state support programs, scientific and industry publications, data from the state statistics Committee, and Internet resources were used. Methods of economic analysis and generalization, processing of time series of statistical indicators, comparative analysis, etc. were used. The study data were obtained testifying to the active, but still insufficient process of substitution of import of equipment and feed additives of Russian production, the different meat sub-sectors 70‰ materials and equipment, especially when packing for retail customers, are procured from foreign suppliers. There is also an extremely high dependence on imported genetic material-at the moment, about 80 ‰ of the seed comes from abroad. There is a tendency for individual agricultural holdings to create their own resource feed and genetic base in the absence of a purposeful state policy in the field of genetics based on common goals and standards. Recommendations have been prepared to overcome the current situation in poultry and beef cattle breeding. In the meat and poultry industry, it is necessary to establish breeding and genetic centers, establish ancestral farms in Russia by foreign suppliers, adopt state development programs aimed at restoring the biological and pharmaceutical industries, and encourage the preferential export of soy oil, which will increase the supply of soy meal to domestic feed production. In beef cattle breeding, it is necessary to create a powerful domestic herd of specialized meat breeds in the amount of at least 3.0-3.5 million heads, the development of the breeding base should be accompanied by the use of intensive technologies for breeding meat cattle, it is necessary to use population genetics methods when creating highly productive breeds. Digitalization of breeding and genetic work is required, in particular, the widespread use of chips that allow tracking pedigrees and movements of animals in a single database.
The article analyzes the development of the grain farming production structure in Russia for the period from 1950 to 2019. The main stages of development are identified and considered. The dynamics of the grain farming regional structure, the structure of production for each federal district has been studied. Conclusions are made about the peculiarities of territorial distribution and existing "trends" of production.
Rosselkhozbank is a branch bank, the purpose of which is to provide the agro-industrial complex, agriculture with funds for the implementation of the process of expanded reproduction on the basis of intensification. The article discusses the stages of development of the Russian Agricultural Bank, the solution of technological, social and environmental issues of the industry development by agriculture together with the bank. Currently, the Russian Agricultural Bank pays great attention to the issues of digitalization of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex.
The effective use of the capabilities of the agro-industrial complex will allow our country not only to ensure a high level of food security, which is formed on the basis of the implementation of the import substitution process, but also to export quality products to the external market. The modern development of the country's agro-industrial complex is possible only on the basis of the implementation of its innovative potential, which will make it possible to form a stable product industry offer in the domestic market of Russia and will become a guarantor of an increase in the degree of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. The branches of the agro-industrial complex largely determine the economic state of the regions, therefore, measures to modernize the regional agro-industrial complex are needed to dynamically solve the existing industrial, economic and social problems. In modern realities, agriculture is becoming an increasingly high-tech and science-intensive industry. Thus, the introduction of innovations into the domestic agro-industrial complex is a priority task, for the solution of which it is necessary to eliminate the existing problems. This article is devoted to a review and analysis of the most advanced and priority areas in the development of the agro-industrial complex; the priority problems faced by the domestic agro-industrial complex are outlined, the main directions and ways of development of the domestic agro-industrial sector of the economy are determined.
The relevance, novelty and economic significance of consumer cooperation in the infrastructure of the Russian food market is justified by the huge state significance of the effective use of food resources of small businesses: peasant (farm) farms, households, and individual entrepreneurs. The author reveals the economic mission of consumer societies, consumer cooperatives and consumer unions, and reveals their role in saturating the agri-food market with various types of food products, including environmentally friendly forest products: mushrooms, berries, nuts, etc. The author reveals and argues the role of consumer cooperation in the formation of food resources, in the development of small agricultural businesses, agricultural sectors, stimulating the growth of agricultural production in private subsidiary and peasant (farm) farms, in improving the efficiency of procurement cooperative enterprises, increasing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers, improving the standard of living in rural areas. In order to improve the efficiency of small businesses, it is advisable to create vertical consumer cooperatives with the inclusion of agricultural producers and processing enterprises in their composition, to determine the development prospects, and to fulfill the contractual relations of cooperation partners.
The article deals with the problem of creating agricultural consumer cooperatives in order to show representatives of agribusiness, in particular small forms of farming in rural areas, what benefits can actually be obtained by developing agricultural consumer cooperation. It also shows how to determine their optimal parameters, the practical implementation of which will allow small and medium-sized businesses to function effectively and compete in the food market. The main result of the study is that it uses examples to justify the need to develop consumer cooperatives as a priority, with the right choice of the main parameters of which agricultural producers, including personal subsidiary farms of the population, will be able to conduct a sustainable and highly efficient business. All this is made possible by minimizing their costs when purchasing industrial products in bulk and increasing prices when selling their products both using the "scale effect" and by excluding an intermediary, for example, in the face of a processing organization. There are two other sources of increasing the efficiency of the cooperative: first, as a non-profit organization, it is exempt from paying income tax (in the part that it receives at the expense of its members); secondly, the cooperative has the right to engage in commercial activities, subject to certain conditions.
The implementation of the provisions of the Treaty on the Creation of the Common State focuses on the search for effective mechanisms of interaction between the participating countries within the framework of integration formation. The article describes the social and labour factors and conditions for sustainable growth of business activity and entrepreneurial initiative in the regions of Belarus and Russia, discloses their content and form of manifestation, and identifies features. The directions of harmonization of the systems of professional agrarian education of the Common State were established, the expediency of expanding technological and industrial cooperation of business entities, integration of business entities through the creation of branches of enterprises and firms, active participation of countries in international projects, associations, transnational companies, free employment based on the vacancy bank of the integration association , development of small agribusiness entities along with the large-scale agricultural sector were emphasized.
In the context of increasing globalization and the emerging uncertain geopolitical situation in the world, further stabilization of the national economies of the EAEU member states is required on the basis of interstate cooperation and a consistent deepening of integration ties. The development of interstate cooperation based on the cluster approach is one of the most effective methods of socio-economic development and increasing the competitiveness of national economies of interstate economic integration formations. In this regard, the creation of models of interstate cooperation in promising industries and sectors of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU acquires urgent importance. The article discusses the development of interstate cooperation in the agricultural sector of the EAEU member states based on the formation of efficient complexes of horizontally and vertically integrated export-oriented and import-substituting clusters aimed at saturating the common agricultural market with quality products, including those with high added value, and access to foreign markets. The current state of the sugar beet subcomplex of the EAEU member states is analyzed, on the basis of which a model of the Belarusian-Russian cross-border sugar production cluster is proposed.
The article analyzes the features of international marketing of agricultural products and investigates the main elements of the international marketing complex (4P). The dynamic development of agricultural markets requires constant monitoring and analysis of the market situation. International marketing is the basic tool for achieving competitive advantages both for exported products and the country as a whole. Studying the international marketing mix is much more difficult than the internal marketing mix, since marketers face at least two levels of uncertainty outside the control of the firm (national and international). They are associated, first of all, with changing production conditions, increased competition, increased importance of environmental safety, changes in political, social, cultural and other components of the foreign market. Since the tastes, needs and habits of consumers vary widely from country to country, special attention must be paid to segmentation of the agricultural market. In the context of globalization of international trade and the presence of high trade barriers for agricultural products in foreign countries, the role of the state in promoting agricultural products is of particular importance.
In the article, the authors, taking into account the importance and necessity of creating an effective repair and maintenance base for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, present studies of agricultural enterprises, methods of organizing maintenance and repair on them, as well as technical and economic indicators of services that perform these types of activities in all regions of the country. The quantitative composition of operating enterprises, the staff of their employees, as well as a number of indicators characterizing their economic condition are determined. It is noted that currently the enterprises of the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex do not meet modern requirements. The equipment fleet is outdated and requires large amounts of maintenance and repair to maintain its operability, the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex is not able to perform this task and needs organizational and technical transformations that take into account the prospects for the transition of manufacturers to a new level of interaction with consumers in the medium term – to the life cycle contract.