The article examines the main aspects of food security in Russia in terms of ensuring import advance and self-sufficiency in agricultural products of the regions of the Russia. It is noted that food security is the most important factor in the implementation of the economic, technological and social sovereignty of Russia. However, as interdisciplinary research shows, food security is not guaranteed by compliance with the numerical indicators noted in the corresponding program document – the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. The article identifies the main directions of ensuring food security at the system level, including aspects of import advance and regional supply of agricultural products. Based on the analysis of current scientific, methodological and analytical literature, the main factors for ensuring food security are clarified and formulated, and the essential basic principles for achieving it in modern socio-economic and political conditions are identified. Using the example of a number of rural settlements and inter-settlement territories, the article analyzes the features of the development of rural territories as social systems in terms of their self-sufficiency in agricultural products. A separate analysis of the production of agricultural products in the regions of Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic was carried out, based on the need to ensure their strategic sustainability. It is noted that the social development of the village, in particular, the solution of personnel, infrastructure and socially significant issues, plays a significant role in solving the issues of import advance and regional self-sufficiency in agricultural products. At the same time, the work identifies the significant and even decisive importance for the self-sufficiency of regions in agricultural products of such factors as the preservation, development and provision of a rural way of life, a rural social structure, rural life and the conduct of traditional rural economic activities. The work indicates that this factor is decisive from the point of view of both permanent residence in the village and conducting economic activities there. The work formulates a definition and presents the essence and content of the concept of rural lifestyle, identifying its basic system-forming features. The article presents a number of recommendations for promoting a number of benefits identified during the study of implementing a rural lifestyle, preserving the rural social structure, ensuring rural living and conducting economic activities in the countryside. In particular, conclusions were drawn that the rural way of life is a basic feature of modern rural territory and a key factor not only in employment, but also in the regions’ food self-sufficiency. The article separately notes the need to implement proactive measures on peasant (farm) farms (peasant farms), personal subsidiary plots (LPH), as well as in agricultural cooperatives and other associations in the countryside.
In the current conditions of economic life, the stable operation of agricultural organizations in the Russia ensures food independence and security, and a sufficient level of food production in all key areas. Various categories of organizations in the agro-industrial complex are subject to the requirements of internal and external stakeholders to provide up-to-date, operational and reliable information on production and financial and economic activities. Internal stakeholders represented by owners, management, and employees are directly involved in the processes of ensuring stable functioning, solving current problems, and growth and development of an economic entity. External stakeholders directly or indirectly influence, analyze and evaluate the activities of an agricultural organization according to various parameters and indicators, such as: data on crop areas, livestock and poultry, the material and technical base of agriculture, financial results, yield, productivity, profitability and others. Multidimensional information about the activities of agricultural organizations is formed in accordance with the requirements of federal and sectoral regulations. Therefore, the economic security system of the subject solves the task of improving the efficiency of collecting, processing, analyzing, storing and transmitting reliable information through the formation of an effective control environment, monitoring, and wider use of digital technologies in the management of an agricultural organization.
The article presents the annual rating of the largest owners of agricultural land in Russia as of the beginning of 2024, compiled by BEFL LLC together with the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH. The market analysis was carried out solely for the purpose of determining the main owners of agricultural land in Russia and the size of their agricultural land area. The term «under control» used by us in the article in this case means ownership of agricultural land on the right of ownership, lease or use in another other right established by law. We do not exclude the fact that there are other participants in the agricultural land market in Russia who own land banks comparable to those listed in this article, but not included in this rating. To analyze this market segment, we used public information disclosed by the landowners themselves or their representatives, shareholders, and beneficiaries. The current trends in 2022-2023 have become more obvious: an increase in the key rate, which led to an increase in the price of debt financing; the cost of agricultural production continues to increase, including due to rising prices for fertilizers, agricultural fertilizers, imported and new domestic machinery, and spare parts. In the 2024 ranking We represent 77 organizations, their total land bank amounted to 18.5 million hectares, which is 1.1 million hectares more than in 2023. In the current 2024 rating, seven new agricultural organizations are represented, the total land bank of which amounted to 990 thousand hectares. In 2024, for the first time, neither the composition nor the positions of the first 10 participants in 2023 changed. The land bank of the Top 10 has grown by 158 thousand hectares over the year, and this is almost entirely due to agricultural organizations from the top five.
The construction of optimal models for the use of agricultural land at the level of subjects requires a project approach with a detailed study of the entire complex of natural, organizational, technological, socio-demographic and market factors that have the most significant impact on gross land productivity and affect the cost parameters of obtaining rights to use it in agribusiness. However, this does not exclude the possibility of copying (replicating) the most successful practices, which requires preliminary typing of the subjects of the Russia, in some cases municipalities within large subjects, with similar conditions for conducting agribusiness. Within the framework of the presented article, a list of the most significant factors that can be applied to carry out such typification is considered on the example of the subjects of the North Caucasus Economic Region.
Successful implementation of the import substitution policy is possible subject to the introduction of an innovative approach to the measures taken - this is an innovative approach, high-tech ideas and new technological solutions - both in the production process and in its sales. In Russia, an effective example of such an approach is the functioning of industry clusters. In this regard, the work studied the issues of the formation and development of successful integrated forms of production organization and proposed a model of the hop-growing innovative import substitution cluster (HIIC) of Russia. The main participants of the hop-growing cluster were studied: hop-growing enterprises; enterprises producing finished products: hops and hop products; scientific institutes. The main scientific developments in hop growing proposed by three institutes are considered: Chuvash State Agrarian University, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky", Altai State University. The representation of hop-growing enterprises in the country was studied - these are 7 farms in the Chuvash Republic (with a 59% share in the total area of hop fields in 2023), the Grainrus Company in the Krasnodar Territory (27%), as well as farmers of the Republics of Altai and Mari El, Altai Territory and Lipetsk region. The long-term experience of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Chuvash Republic in the development of an integrated approach to organizing state support for hop growers is analyzed. Based on the results of the study, in order to increase the viability of the integrated formation, a model of the state-owned KHIIK of Russia was proposed, when at the initial stage state structures take an active part in the work.
Russia's strategic interests determine the need to grow fibrous crops, among which the production of technical hemp occupies a special place due to the wide range of applications of its processed products in various sectors of the economy – in the food sector, textile industry, medicine, aviation, etc. As research by industry research institutes shows, the hemp industry plays an important role in decarbonizing the economy, since hemp has a greater carbon storage capacity than forests of the same area. In Russia, there is a tendency to increase the area of crops of this crop, but despite the positive prerequisites for the development of the industry, there are problems hindering the production of technical cannabis in Russia. In particular, the financial condition of hemp-growing farms according to the data testfirm.ru It is ambiguous: worse than most organizations of the Russian Federation comparable in scale of activity, but better than the financial condition of half of all organizations with revenue up to 10 million rubles engaged in the cultivation of fibrous spinning crops (OKVED code 01.16). The conducted factor analysis showed that the solution to the problem of increasing the production of hemp products is possible not only in stimulating the growth of commercial production of technical hemp, but also in expanding the seed fund of elite seeds.
The study analyzes the reasons for changes in the consumption structure of basic food products in Russia. The focus is on the significant decline in the consumption of fish and seafood, while the consumption of other types of products has increased. This trend is attributed to several factors, such as the high cost of fish and seafood, the limited range of quality fish available in the domestic market, and the low public awareness of their benefits. These factors are due to an imperfect pricing system, uneven territorial distribution, and the insufficient development of production, packaging, and storage technologies for fish products.
In modern conditions, when the policy of import substitution is decisive, the task of developing fruit growing in our country, in every region, becomes especially urgent. The purpose of the article is to analyze and develop recommendations for the development of fruit growing in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research methodology is presented by methods of calculation and analysis of relative statistical indicators of dynamics, comparison, methods of analysis and synthesis, calculation of trends, and the method of multidimensional cluster analysis. The volume of fruit and berry production in the republic varies from year to year. The construction of equations for production trends shows that the trend can be described by a parabola of the second (or higher degrees), which indicates a certain cyclical nature of fruit production in the republic for 2000-2023. The low value of the approximation value for each equation indicates the impossibility of constructing and calculating a stable forecast for the production of fruits and berries at the moment. Strategic actions to achieve a certain trend are proposed. Over the 5 intercensal years of the agricultural census (2016 and 2021), there has been a change in the structure of the placement of fruit and berry plantings, a certain specialization by farm category. The data reflect a kind of formation of the fruit growing industry in new conditions, after a fairly long period of chaotic changes, the post-Soviet orientation of the region's agriculture towards the cultivation of agricultural crops for field cultivation and forage production, rather than fruit growing, prove the need to develop state programs for the development of fruit growing. Cluster analysis showed that with proper care and scientifically based development of technologies for growing fruit and berry crops, the republic has significant potential for the development of fruit growing.
The horticulture industry in Russia, despite the state support, still does not provide the level of production that would ensure the fulfillment of food security indicators. There are many reasons for this: reduction of areas of perennial plantations, lack of intensive perennial plantations in the required number, imperfection and violation of the technological process of fruit and berry crops cultivation, lack of personnel with the necessary level of competence. It is necessary to note the widespread reduction of areas under fruit and berry crops, but at the same time due to new intensive perennial plantations, which are used only by large producers, there is a significant increase in gross yields. However, due to limited resources, medium and small horticultural organizations cannot use in their technological process modern science-based methods of increasing the yield and quality characteristics of fruit plantations. All this indicates the need to revise the current policy of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia concerning the development of horticulture. At the same time, not only the used instruments of state support of agricultural producers, but also the need to involve the scientific community in solving the problem of varietal composition and violation of the technological process of fruit growing require revision. The solution of these problems can ensure the development of domestic horticulture, based on the transition of the industry to an intensive path of development.
Poultry farming is a strategic direction of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. The article highlights the great contribution of the poultry farming sub-sector to ensuring the country's food security and import substitution. According to the results of monitoring conducted by Russian scientists, it was concluded that at the present stage, the poultry farming sub-sector is working on the verge of profitability. Increased demand for products requires an increase in production volumes, but the level of development of the sub-sector currently does not have the potential to provide this increase. The reasons influencing the insufficiency of domestic poultry farming equipment and the impossibility of competition with foreign enterprises at the present stage are considered. The consequence of the impracticability at this stage of increasing the volume of production of the sub-sector in 2023 was a sharp increase in retail prices for poultry products. The article examines the factors influencing the rise in price of products of the sub-sector based on economic analysis. The necessity of large investments and the development of new technologies that meet modern world requirements to ensure the profitability of the production of the sub-sector has been identified.