The article assesses the state of entrepreneurship development in rural areas in the context of the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The need for sustainable food supply of the country in the face of sanctions from unfriendly Western countries requires increasing the competitiveness of agribusiness in the entire rural space, transforming the system of support and training of entrepreneurs. The uniform spatial development of the regional and local rural economy is realized by coordinating the interaction of the following key factors: the scientific community, business, government structures and the local rural population. he main trends in the development of large corporate and individual entrepreneurship, small forms of management in the federal districts of the Russian Federation are revealed. The reasons for the reduction of economic activity in rural areas of the Russian Federation are investigated. The importance of improving the qualitative parameters of entrepreneurial activity for rural development, through the interaction of institutions at all levels of state economic management, is established. There is a need for the development of small forms of management in agribusiness, diversification of the rural economy.
An assessment is made of the current state of spatial development of grain farming, placement, specialization and concentration of production of certain types of grain in the country. Groups of grain-producing regions have been identified for all main types of grain production according to their coefficients of specialization with low and high indicators, and has been shown the real possibility of forming and developing specialized high-tech zones for individual groups of regions and cultivated grain crops in the country. It has been proven that their formation and development is a natural and objective process inherent in commodity production, which intensifies with the development of productive forces and market relations, while simultaneously occurring under the influence and interaction of a complex and multidirectional combination of many different factors of the spatial development of grain farming, including first of all, it should be noted the maximum compliance of natural conditions with the biological requirements and characteristics of the cultivation of each grain crop, the fullest use of local capabilities and production resources. The basis for identifying a specialized high-tech zone is the materials of agroclimatic zoning and modern, taking into account the use of scientific and technological progress, bioclimatic requirements of a grain crop for the agrotechnical conditions of its cultivation, and the main criteria are the totality and favorableness of the necessary natural conditions of the territory, its economic and production resources. To determine the priority directions for the spatial development of the country's grain industry and the role of its individual regions in the system of territorial-sectoral division of labor, a methodological approach can be used to substantiate its spatial organization, which is based on the improvement of existing ones, the formation and development of new specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of grain, taking into account prevailing economic, agro-economic and soil-climatic conditions.
The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues of ensuring food security, which is one of the main directions of ensuring the country’s national security, the basis for preserving its sovereignty, and the most important component of the state’s socio-economic policy. The author reveals the basic principles of ensuring food security in Russia in the context of modern challenges and threats. The scientific approaches of various authors to the economic categories «mechanism» and «economic mechanism» have been studied. The author's interpretation of the category «economic mechanism for ensuring food security» is given. An analysis of the current instruments for ensuring the country's food independence, as well as the economic and physical accessibility of food, was carried out. Currently, the main mechanisms are state support for the production and processing of agricultural products (in the form of subsidies), stimulation of investment activity, regulation of the market for agricultural products and food, administered by the Ministry of Agriculture within the framework of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food. The article identifies the main problems of forming an economic mechanism to ensure the country's food security. The need to adapt existing instruments taking into account global challenges and threats is substantiated, and recommendations are given for improving mechanisms for ensuring food security.
The successful implementation of the state agrarian policy has provided the Russian domestic market with food products for various purposes and can now solve global problems of food supply in other countries by expanding the export of agricultural raw materials, fish and food products. Today, Russian exports are mainly focused on the export of products of deep processing, which makes it more efficient and competitive, raises the authority of Russian manufacturers in world markets. The export potential of Russia with the right organization of management decisions can be successfully realized, and the export supplies of Russian food to foreign markets can successfully compete with developed countries, providing food products to different countries of the world. The state needs to expand its activities to coordinate export supplies at the federal and regional levels, increase responsibility for decisions taken, then the goals of the federal project «Export of agricultural products» will be achieved.
The article is devoted to the issues of intellectual and information support of the agricultural machinery market in Russia. The work examines the main participants in the intellectual and information support of the agricultural machinery market from the external and internal market environment. The main issues of the state of modernization of agriculture, the development of the agricultural engineering industry and the functioning of the dealer network in the market of agricultural machinery and equipment are covered. The main directions of intellectual and information support for the agricultural machinery market have been developed for the purposes of its effective functioning and development.
The article is devoted to the study of the experience of organizing the provision of agricultural machinery and its service to agricultural producers in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Armenia, which are countries of the EAEU. The article compares Russia with the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Armenia according to the following indicators: the availability of agricultural machinery production and dependence on imported agricultural machinery supplies; the availability of agricultural machinery and state support provided to increase the availability of such agricultural machinery; the level of organization of service and types of inter-farm use of agricultural machinery. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the organization of providing agricultural producers with machinery and its maintenance in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Armenia, the main directions of solving these problems in these republics and the possibility of applying the experience of these countries in Russia have been identified.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of macroeconomic management of the placement and specialization of certain sub-sectors of agriculture of the border geostrategic Central macro-region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the context of the development of a common agro-food market in the integration process with the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the state of cooperation between the subjects of the Russian-Belarusian border shows that both of them do not sufficiently use logistical proximity for more effective management of specialization and concentration of agricultural production, since the indicators characterizing it are not higher than the average country parameters. One of the essential features of the functioning of the Belarusian-Russian agricultural borderland is the radiation pollution of the territories of the subjects under consideration, which leaves its imprint on the system of agriculture and farming, requiring close macroeconomic management intervention, insufficient at present. To change this situation, it is recommended to create a single management body for the contaminated territories of the Union state, with the formation of a kind of decontamination agrarian economy here. Different results of agrarian reform in the Russian Federation and the BR, including in the border territories, indicate that in Belarus, so-called "points of outstripping growth" are being identified, the basis of which is a socio-economic mechanism of an integration nature, when the agricultural production of goods of a number of industries has reached an export-oriented level here, with the export of this products to all continents of the world. Such a scientific macroeconomic approach of Belarusians is a visual algorithm for improving managerial relations.
Subsidizing agricultural production in Russia is based on state financing of all directions. At the same time, a special state program for the development of land reclamation complex of Russia was launched in 2022. Optimal distribution of state subsidies between the subjects of Russia is important for increasing the efficiency of land use and land reclamation activities aimed at improving soil quality. Besides, the application of state financing of this direction positively affects the performance of agricultural organizations, as it increases their financial capacity. At the same time, the targeted nature of subsidies and their limitation should contribute to their effective use. For these purposes, an assessment of normative-legal acts, which are the basis for the development of land reclamation industry and determine the amount and direction of subsidizing the main activities, is presented. The analysis of financing of land reclamation industry development on the example of the CDR and Belgorod oblast allowed to determine the position of each oblast by the level of subsidizing. When determining the amounts of financing measures, the specifics of the region and its specialization in the agrarian sphere, the level of problems with the qualitative composition and level of productivity of agricultural land are taken into account.
The agro-industrial complex is the most important sector of the economy of Kabardino-Balkaria, on the state and development of which not only the food and financial security of the residents of the republic, but also the socio-economic development of the region as a whole depends. The article discusses the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in the context of the national project «Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex». The development of the regional economy, where the main role belongs to the segments of the agro-industrial complex, is analyzed.
The food security doctrine adopted in 2010 to some extent allowed to increase the share of agricultural products produced by domestic agricultural organizations and thereby solve the problem of import substitution of food products. However, in today's conditions, the creation of food reserves and the stability of domestic production is an insufficient condition for ensuring food security of the population living on the territory of the Russian Federation.