The article examines the change in prices and consumption of the main types of food in the scenario of a shift in agricultural zones by 30‰ and an increase in world prices for the main types of food products associated with climate change. The scenario is carried out in the VIAPI partial equilibrium model (PF + PE architecture). The calculations are based on data from 2015-2019. It is concluded that this scenario leads to a loss of marginal income in the amount of 716 billion rubles compared to the baseline scenario, where climate change and growth in external prices are not considered. The losses are attributed to the need to import more expensive products, primarily vegetables. At the same time the growth in imports is not offset by the growth in export earnings. As a result of the solution obtained according to the scenario, the regions are identified where changes in prices and volumes of consumption in comparison with demand are the largest. Moscow is among the leaders with the growth of prices for almost all products in the range from 5 to 21‰. Prices for sugar beet and milk are most sensitive to simulated changes within the scenario. Basically, as a consequence of the modeled climate changes prices for these products in many regions decrease, which leads to an increase in their consumption.
The article emphasizes the important role of the poultry industry in ensuring the country's food security. The analysis of the current state of the poultry sub-sector of Russia is carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the positive and negative factors of the development of domestic poultry farming are determined. It is necessary to create a competitive cross of meat breeds of domestic production with the use of high-tech developments and complex scientific and technical projects of the full innovation cycle.
The article considers the problem of the ratio of wage growth and labor productivity in agriculture. The study found that wage growth relative to the average in agriculture is not proportional to productivity growth, that is, there is no direct relationship between these indicators. On the example of the constituent entities of the Russian, a grouping is given on the ratio of wage growth and labor productivity in the whole economy. It was concluded that at present it is not possible to establish a reliable coefficient of the ratio of productivity and remuneration of agricultural labor due to the lack of statistical information and the different conditions in which economic entities are located. It is recommended to create a system of productivity meters in agriculture, which should include a set of general and specific indicators, as well as aimed at identifying its impact on wages.
The relevance of the research topic is explained by the fact that the agricultural labor market is experiencing a shortage of young highly qualified specialists with knowledge of IT technologies in digital agriculture. This article puts forward the problem that it is necessary to train personnel that meet the modern requirements of highly dynamic developing agriculture in the conditions of digitalization of the country in the post-pandemic period. At present, a modern young specialist must meet the market-forming selection criteria in the agricultural labor market and have a risk-oriented mindset. It is necessary to update the structure of forming an effective mechanism for training highly qualified personnel on the basis of industry universities in the region. The purpose of the research is to analyze the challenges facing the agricultural University in training young specialists for agriculture as a branch of the digital economy of Russia. Tasks: to develop a model for developing partnerships and promoting employment of young professionals in a post-tandem economy for the development of optimal options for covering the personnel deficit in the agricultural sector; to generate practical recommendations for the regulation of the labour market of young professionals. The solution of the set tasks will allow to prepare highly qualified young specialists who have all the necessary competencies and are able to meet the requirements of the modern agricultural labor market. The article considers the concepts, departmental programs "Digital agriculture", directions of training and retraining of young specialists of the agro-industrial complex. The reasons for such problems are simple: the lack of a coherent mechanism for interaction between the state, universities, young professionals and employers. We have proposed some recommendations for improving the algorithm of forming the human resources potential of young professionals who can withstand the requirements of the modern world. The implementation of modern tasks set for agricultural universities to train young specialists will improve the algorithm for training a highly qualified young specialist who can pass all the conjuncture-forming selection criteria in the agricultural labor market, as well as improve the understanding of the current state of existing measures of state support for young professionals, who will be able to take timely corrective actions and identify potential opportunities.
At the stage of formation of the digital economy, it is necessary to systematize the apparatus of concepts in the field of the virtual potential of the territory, as well as digital territorial marketing. Based on the theory of the digital economy, fundamental changes and features that are taking place in the marketing sphere of the territory in the context of digitalization begin to appear. Possibilities of using digital channels of interaction in territorial marketing, consideration of their usefulness. Structuring of the virtual territorial potential, as well as its methodological and analytical components. Direct dependence of the image of the territory on the digital territorial potential.
The article analyzes the theoretical views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of the relationship between the economy and morality as the basic basis for the effective development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. It is proved that the development of small business and peasant (farmer) households is the primary basis for increasing the efficiency of small-scale production of agricultural products and the living standards of the population of rural regions.
The goal set by the authors - the study of ineffective institutions that arise during the transformation of land relations, is solved using general scientific and specific methods. As a result of a systematic analysis of the current state of land relations in agriculture, it has been established that deformational changes have led to the formation of traps, which are identified in the institute of agricultural land turnover. Institutional traps in the purchase and sale of agricultural land have been systematized - the lack of title documents, full owner, controversial data on the boundaries of the land plot owned, high notarial rates for the preparation of the necessary documentation. Ineffective institutions in leasing are considered - non-compliance with the balance of interests, violation of property and lease rights, the complexity of calculating and implementing rent, the formation of abandoned and degraded land. Institutional traps in the mortgage of agricultural land are characterized - differences in the methods and results of land valuation, a high level of transaction costs due to incomplete information, leading to the duration and iteration of the procedure for registering a land plot, refusal to state registration of a mortgage of the right to lease land from agricultural land , which are in common shared ownership, seizure of a land plot in the order of collection in case of non-fulfillment by the debtor of the terms of the pledge agreement. On the example of the Saratov region, the existence of traps that impede the development of the institution of an effective owner of agricultural land was confirmed, and trends in the increase in the area of unused own land of agricultural organizations were identified.
The article is devoted to the economic aspects of the functioning and prospects for the development of fishing and fish farming in Russia. The analysis of dynamics of extraction of water biological resources and production of canned fish is carried out. The estimation of the profitability of fishing and energy costs of production of canned fish and preserves is given. The prospects for the development of the industry in the context of investment and control of water biological resources are considered.
The scientific research is devoted to the functioning of the market of nut-fruit products in Russia. The prospects for the development of the nut industry are evaluated, and the dynamics and structure of production costs are investigated. The authors analyze the economic efficiency of cultivating walnut orchards as one of the most promising areas of agribusiness in Russia. The production and technological aspects of increasing the efficiency of nut farming in the context of the availability of modern fertilizers and plant protection products, as well as the impact of the mineral and chemical fertilizers market on the development of the industry as a whole are considered
The article discusses an innovative method of sowing seeds varietal mosaic (mosaic varieties). The authors prove the necessity of applying this approach. This method of sowing seeds is effective both from the point of view of agronomy and from the point of view of the economy of the breeding and seed industry. For a clear result, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the sowing of seeds of a technical crop of sugar beet in two options: "monosort" and "mosaic of varieties". Also, the authors in the article provide significant data that are necessary for a better understanding of the market conditions for sugar beet seeds. The data are considered both for Russia as a whole, and, in particular, for the Krasnodar Region. The study used monographic, economic and statistical methods and the method of comparative analysis. The creation of the proposed approach will allow analyzing the ripening of varieties in certain agro-technological terms, the chosen model is logical and can be extended to other industrial crops. The use of varietal mosaics with the use of modern technologies will significantly improve the efficiency of sugar beet production and increase competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. In addition, the authors propose to consider the issue of measures of state support for this direction and the effective implementation of the proposed model in agricultural enterprises.