The article is devoted to the analysis and assessment of the state of accumulation of fixed capital in agricultural organizations in Russia. As a result of the study, the author identified the reasons for the low rates of accumulation of fixed capital in the agricultural sector: inflationary depreciation of investments, the suboptimal structure of gross capital formation with a predominant share of simple reproduction, a critically low level of increment in the fleet of agricultural machinery, a low level of profitability and ineffective use of net profit by agricultural organizations. The author notes that a significant part of the profit is directed to the accrual of dividends, and not to the accumulation of fixed capital. The investment opportunities of agricultural organizations are weakened by the ineffective work of agricultural insurance, which does not provide sufficient insurance protection and the sustainability of the processes of simple reproduction of the industry.
The scientific and technical development of the agro-industrial complex in modern Russia should be considered in the close relationship of the real sector of the economy with the research sphere and agricultural education. The article presents the results of monitoring of the scientific and innovative potential of the agro-industrial complex, conducted by scientists of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center VNIIESH. The analysis of the presented data showed that the indicators responsible for the creation of the most significant scientific products for the agro-industrial complex show extremely negative dynamics. At the same time, it was noted that there is an increase in the creation of intellectual property objects. The authors also present data on the specific weight of organizations that implement innovations of certain types and note that in recent years there has been an increase in the number of agricultural organizations that implement innovative developments in production.
The article presents an analysis of the dynamics and current state of investment in fixed assets of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector of Russia. The influence of the level of investment on the development of the small and medium-sized business sector in agriculture is shown by evaluating the data on the revenue from the sale of products by these enterprises, as well as the profitability of sales. The factors hindering the development of these enterprises are identified: insufficient access to financial services; lack of involvement of banks in the investment process; weak development of project financing tools; difficulty in obtaining "economies of scale"; lack of qualified personnel; poor infrastructure; low use of digital technologies; high depreciation of fixed assets. Measures to increase investment in small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector are presented.
The agro-industrial complex, which is based on an open-type economic mechanism, is affected by various factors, including extreme ones. Ensuring food security in the context of a pandemic is particularly relevant in view of the need to meet the basic needs of the population. This task can also be implemented using the architecture of digital solutions in the agro-industrial complex at the stage of using cloud technologies, forming and sharing a network of sensors and base stations.
The work is devoted to the problems of the formation of promising agricultural development management systems in the geostrategic territories of Russia. The priority and border geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation were grouped according to classification criteria, followed by the construction of a visual cartogram of this grouping. The main features of agricultural production and the formation of promising agricultural management systems of priority geostrategic territories in Russia have been identified. The range of the main problems in the implementation of the formation of effective management systems for the development of agricultural production in geostrategic territories has been determined. The assessment of the state and perspective changes of target indicators of spatial development in the Russian Federation is given.
The historical experience of the development of the agricultural economy of our country, foreign examples of the formation and functioning of cooperatives show that cooperation as a process of combining the efforts of small and medium-sized organizations, the rural population to achieve specific economic goals is an important, and, sometimes, a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency of their activities. Support for co-operation in rural areas in modern Russian history has been carried out since the beginning of the agrarian reform, since then several state programs have been implemented, but their targets, for the most part, have not been achieved. Currently, measures are being taken to strengthen agricultural cooperation. The purpose of this article was to assess the effectiveness of modern state support for its development. The increase in the volume of agricultural products sold by agricultural consumer cooperatives that received grant support in 2020 amounted to 37.8‰ compared to 2019. The main activities of such cooperatives were the collection, storage, processing and sale of meat (30.5‰ of recipients), milk (29.3‰), vegetables and fruits (8.6‰). The first results of the implemented measures had a positive impact on the results of small businesses. However, there are unresolved issues that can only be successfully resolved with the help of cooperatives. Therefore, it is important to continue improving the directions and mechanisms of their state support. Cooperatives need special programs of banks and leasing companies, a system of state guarantees, an effective mechanism for state purchases and deliveries of products, an increase in its competitiveness in the domestic market, the formation of an extensive system of training for cooperative entrepreneurship for constant and continuous growth of the educational level of actual and potential members of cooperatives.
The effective ways and mechanisms of investment in agriculture on example of leading countries of European Union (EU), USA and Canada were reviewed in this article. Different ways of government influence on investment participants were reviewed. Based on retrospective analysis, different steps of development and stimulus of agriculture producers of the EU were pointed out. The contribution and value of investment stocks that stimulate investment activity in agriculture production was shown.
The realization of the export potential of agriculture is a priority task for the Russian economy. Along with traditional industries, it is necessary to develop such specific areas as the production of nut products. The volume of trade turnover in the world market of nuts continues to increase annually. The increased interest in nut crops and the need for a real increase in their production are caused by stable trends in the growth of global consumption of nuts, changes in the food culture in the world in the direction of consumption of natural products. Every year nuts become more and more popular food products due to their taste, variety of products and relatively low price. In this regard, the development of such a direction as the production and processing of pine nuts in our opinion is a promising direction of agribusiness, especially in the context of realizing the export potential of Russian agriculture.
The article considers a quantitative assessment of the responses of wheat yield in the regions of the Russian to global climate change in the long term (up to 2100). The parameters of the functions of wheat productivity from the average July temperatures in Russia as a whole have been determined. Estimates of changes in the average yield of winter wheat up to 2100 are given when the arid climate scenario is realized. The calculations were carried out under the assumption that the technologies used in grain production remain unchanged. It has been established that the spatial dynamics of the yield change is not the same.
A special role in the agro-industrial complex of the country is assigned to meat and meat products due to their high nutritional and biological value, which is mainly determined by the presence of complete proteins and essential amino acids in them. In recent years, pig and poultry farming has been developing at an accelerated pace in Russia, which made it possible to provide the country's population with poultry and pork almost entirely at the expense of domestic production. The decline in real incomes of the population over the past seven years has made it possible to dramatically increase the export of poultry and pork. However, the search for new markets for the sale of livestock products is now becoming increasingly important.