The article provides an overview of the existing foreign mathematical models, in which the dependences linking the parameters of climate, animal husbandry and food security are assessed. It is shown that universal models have not yet been developed to quantify the global impact of warming on livestock productivity, since the existing modeling results are not applicable to other natural and climatic conditions. The authors believe that without including the dependence of livestock productivity on climate change in the food security forecasting model, the latter is underestimated. The performed review proves that all existing models of global and regional agri-food markets, including animal husbandry with an assessment of the supply of sectoral products, do not have built-in regulators as a method of developing compensatory measures to increase the level of food supply for the population.
The article contains an analysis of the demographic situation in rural areas and the staffing of the agricultural sector. Conceptual approaches to the activation of the policy of saving the population in rural areas, the formation of a labor resource base capable of technical and technological renewal of agro-industrial production and ensuring food security and independence of the country are proposed.
Analysis of the impact of various factors on the supply and demand of meat is an urgent task of meat market research. To solve these problems, a methodology for estimating the elasticity of supply and demand for the Russian meat market was developed. The methodology is based on the multivariate regression models presented in the paper. The method is tested on the example of demand and supply of poultry meat. The paper presents calculations performed using specialized modules of the integrated system (IC) STATISTICA. The simulation results showed that an increase in household incomes and a decrease in consumer prices for poultry meat have a positive impact on the demand for poultry meat. The domestic production of poultry meat fully meets the domestic demand, so the sanctions do not significantly affect the volume of demand. The results of regression modeling showed that the volume of poultry meat supply is affected by both the producer price and the introduction of sanctions.
The article provides a theoretical justification for the development of the processes of cooperation and integration in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage. The main types of cooperation, integration and cooperation processes, forms, structures and models of development are described. A set of measures to enhance cooperation and integration in the agro-industrial sphere is proposed.
The work is devoted to the development of strategic directions of optimization of management systems in agriculture of priority and border geostrategic territories of Russia. Scientific approaches to the construction of effective management of agricultural development in priority and border geostrategic territories of Russia have been determined. The directions of optimization of management systems for the development of agriculture in the border and priority geostrategic territories of Russia are identified. The work carried out a grouping of geostrategic territories by federal districts of Russia with a simultaneous assessment of their socio-economic development, as well as an assessment of the development of agriculture in the context of federal districts. The analysis of the state of agriculture in the priority and border geostrategic territories of Russia is carried out. The main strategic directions of optimization of management systems in agriculture of priority and border geostrategic territories have been determined.
The article shows that the rural areas of Russia are in a difficult socio-economic situation. It is noted that one of the main factors for improving the state of affairs in the countryside is the introduction into practice of a systematic assessment of the activities of authorities based on indicators that reflect the interests of the rural population. It has been established that the techniques used for this purpose are not effective enough, and their inherent shortcomings have been identified. Measures are proposed to improve these techniques. In particular, conceptual provisions for assessing the authorities have been developed; indicators for assessing the performance by the highest executive authorities of Russia of general functions that affect the development of rural areas; indicators for assessing the activities of government bodies for the development of the rural economy and the social sphere of the village; indicators for assessing the activities of local governments in rural areas.
This work is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of a new reality of digitalization of enterprises in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The prerequisites and relevance of digital transformation in the agro-industrial complex are considered, the main stages of informatization of economic activity are listed. Identified trends and patterns in the implementation of digital technologies in domestic agricultural enterprises. The measures taken by the state to support the introduction of information technologies (IT) in the agro-industrial complex are considered. In addition, the main types of the most promising digital systems for the agro-industrial complex are highlighted. As a result, the experience of the successful implementation of IT at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex was assessed in the context of the current problems of digitalization of the agro-industrial enterprises of the Russian agriculture.
The article notes that Russia is one of the countries with the lowest population density. This is especially true of the rural areas of the Far Eastern, Siberian, Ural and Northwestern Federal Districts, where 1 sq. km accounts for an average of 0.3 people to 1.2 people, while in Russia as a whole – 2.2 people. The measures taken to implement the Strategy for the Spatial Development of Russia have not yet yielded the desired result, and therefore the outflow of rural residents to the cities does not stop. As a result, along with the economic return of rural areas, the potential of the “protective functions” of the rural population continues to decline. The exposure of vast tracts of rural areas, observed in recent years, coupled with the crisis in the economy, increases external threats to Russia, since they can provoke territorial claims. To avoid them, it is recommended to take actions aimed at increasing the attractiveness of rural areas with the lowest population density for work and residence of citizens of the country. The preferred way to solve this problem is to rely on the development of agriculture as an industry that allows control over large areas of rural areas. To do this, it is necessary to create an appropriate industrial and social infrastructure, develop a food map of Russia in the context of regions and municipal districts, improve the system of relations between the state and agricultural producers, establish consumer cooperation in rural areas and produce agricultural products under contractual agreements, solve a number of other economic and social problems. The implementation of these measures will require significant investments, primarily state ones.
Methods and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of state support for agricultural organizations from the budgets of all levels are considered. The constituent entities of the Russian have been identified that have received the largest amount of state support for agricultural organizations per 1 hectare. At the same time, a direct relationship has not been established between the increase in government subsidies and the ratio of the total annual profit to the total cost in agricultural organizations per 1 ha of sown area. In 21 regions out of 63, state subsidies are paid off by revenues coming to the budgets in the form of taxes and fees from agricultural activities. In total, 64‰ of all subsidies allocated to support agricultural activities are returned to the budgets across the country. It has been established that in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation the amount of dividends received by agricultural organizations at the end of the year exceeds the state subsidies issued. For another four subjects, dividends amounted to 50-60‰ of the aid received from the state. Judging by the income received from agricultural activities, large agricultural producers in certain regions do not need state support, which is more expedient to send to other land users who need them more.
The article discusses the issues of state support for the development of agricultural cooperation in the context of the general system of measures for the implementation of the regional agricultural development program. Proposals have been formulated aimed at expanding financial opportunities and increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the development of agricultural cooperation.