The relevance of assessing the conditions for the development of rural human capital is justified in a scientific study. It is connected with the fact that its condition largely depends on the influence of factors of the surrounding socio-economic environment. The need to assess the conditions for the human capital development in rural areas on the basis of a limited set of statistical data, indicators that characterize demographic processes, the availability of social and infrastructure facilities, and the economic characteristics of rural areas comes to the fore. The purpose of the research is to assess the conditions for the human capital development on the example of rural areas of the Southern macroregion. Economic-statistical, comparative and abstract-logical analysis, institutional and system approaches, the method of score-rating assessment and the method of simplifications were used as research methods. The main result of the study was the construction of a rating of regions, which showed that the best conditions for the development of rural human capital were created in the Rostov region, and the worst – in the Republic of Kalmykia. The demographic conditions for the development of rural human capital are best developed in the Republic of Crimea, and the worst – in the Volgograd region. The Volgograd Region has the best social conditions, and the Krasnodar Territory has the worst. The infrastructure is best developed in the Rostov region and the Republic of Adygea, and the worst – in the Republic of Kalmykia. The best economic conditions are created in the Rostov region, and the worst-in the republics of Crimea and Kalmykia. Proposals for the practical application of the point-rating method for assessing the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas are formulated based on the results of the study.
The ideas of sustainable human development are becoming even more relevant. In this regard, the relevance of the theory of the biosphere-the noosphere, both methodological and ideological, is becoming even higher in modern science and practice. Optimization of interaction between humans and the biosphere leads to the need to search for mechanisms for integrating ecology and economic science, greening the latter. The solution of these issues becomes possible in the context of the development of a green economy.
Based on the generalization of ideas about the essence and content of social and labor relations (SRT), the article examines, arising from the nature of labor, their basic elements, which are employment and its effectiveness. It is with them that the formation of the subject basis of SRT begins in the conditions of intersectoral interaction. Their other elements are determined by the nature of this interaction, which is most evident in the joint use of resources, primarily labor, and in the consolidation of efforts to develop the social infrastructure of rural areas. The principles of the formation and regulation of social and labor relations are considered.
The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the modern market presents a huge number of similar product offerings (territories, services). In this regard, there is often a question of competition between regions for various necessary resources. We will consider one of the ways to survive in this situation among competitors, this method is the process of branding the territory, which will distinguish a certain territory from the rest, create its uniqueness and attractiveness for a potential consumer. The article also discusses the current problems of the formation, promotion and formation of the tourist brand of the Republic of Crimea. The concepts of the tourist brand, the substantiation of the problem of positioning the brand of the territory are considered. The formation of the image of the territory, its development as a tourist product and its direct impact on the socio-economic development of the region.
The article presents an analysis of the current state and prospects for changes in the economic accessibility of meat and meat products, as the most important component of food security. To ensure the economic availability of meat and meat products, it is necessary to update the work on the creation of a mechanism for internal food assistance for priority products with subsequent monitoring of indicators.
Crop production as the most important direction of agricultural production is an essential factor in solving the problems of ensuring food security in Russia as a whole and its individual regions. Crop production of the Perm Region, located in the zone of risky agriculture and characterized by a high level of risk of adverse effects of weather and climatic conditions, can cause negative trends in the formation of food resources of the Perm Region and ensuring food security of the region. In order to identify the main trends in crop production in the Perm Region and substantiate the reserves for increasing the efficiency of crop production, opportunities and risks in solving the problems of food security in the region, an analysis was carried out based on the official statistics of the Perm Region for 2015-2019. The assessment of the dynamics of factors of crop production (yield, acreage, intensification) allowed us to identify negative trends that negatively affect the results of activities in crop production and, as a result, the regional food balance and the level of self-sufficiency of the region. Risk points were identified for potatoes and vegetables. A significant decrease in the yield in 2019 for potatoes (-8.8 c / ha or -6.27%) with a decrease in the area of potato sowing (-5.1 thousand hectares or -20.73%) predetermined a decrease in potato production by 62.5 thousand tons (29.7%). The insecurity of domestic potato consumption in the Perm Region is 18% at the end of 2019. The Perm Region is provided with vegetables of its own production by 56%. The obtained results made it possible to identify problems in the process of forming food resources of the Perm Region, the solution of which is possible by increasing the efficiency of activities in crop production, including through increasing the provision of industry enterprises with fixed assets, fertilizers, seed material resistant to the climatic conditions of the Perm Region.
Production of oilseeds is highly profitable crop subsector, providing saturation of the domestic market products, by volume, structure and quality, which are necessary to meet the needs of the population and nutrition, and the needs of industry, in need of vegetable oils that are suitable for technical needs. Changing the terms of the functioning of the sector in connection with Russia's entering into the WTO and the effect of economic sanctions determining the relevance and necessity of modernization and transition to an innovative scenario, the implementation of which will ensure a high level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers and to solve problems related to food import substitution. In this connection, it is necessary to justify the directions of modernization of oilseeds production today. The study identified a promising scenario for the production of oilseeds and achieve strategic objectives in its implementation. The basic directions of modernization of oilseeds production in the region technical and technological renewal of production of oilseeds, aimed at 1) saving resources, reducing costs; 2) the organization of the production of alternative crops suitable for cultivation in the climatic conditions of the region; 3) improvement of material and technical base of agricultural enterprises.
Despite the small volumes of fish caught in the inland waters of Russia, the importance of this sector of the fishery complex not only has a significant impact on the diversification of the economy of the fishing industry, but also plays an important socio-cultural dimension - the preservation of jobs and the traditional way of life of the population, prevention of desertification during - coastal villages in remote areas of the country. The development of the regions of North and Siberia in the XX century, the extraction of minerals, oil and gas here led to the disruption of natural ecosystems, pollution of rivers and lakes with products of industrial processing. The construction of hydraulic structures and land reclamation for agricultural purposes had a large negative impact on fishing in inland water bodies and the volume of fish catch. Building a new management system based on targeted management programs with a focus on conservation of nature and greening of production, preservation of biodiversity, formation of public solidarity and a high level of public trust will be a guarantee for achieving the set goals for the development of fisheries in inland waters of Russia.
The article defines the importance of the development of the dairy industry within the national economy as a component of the country's food security. The features of milk as a raw material and final product are studied and the associated factors of placement of dairy industry organizations are established. The trends of the global market of milk and dairy products, of which the Russian market is also a part, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed, and the factors of the dairy industry's performance in 2021 are determined. The assessment of the level of development of the Russian dairy industry is given, the main trends and problems limiting the development of the dairy industry are identified.
In 2018, the Decree of the President of the Russian «On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024» and the National Project «International Cooperation and Export» were published, which determine the volume of imports of agricultural products. However, to date, there is a discussion in the scientific literature about the structure of agricultural exports and their volumes. At the same time, there is no economic justification for increasing the volume of exports in the regulatory and legal regulation regulating the increase in the export of agricultural products. This led to the fact that in January 2021, the volume of exports of agricultural products was adjusted from 45 to 34 billion US dollars. And this is not to mention the fact that the criteria for the implementation of which the state can set the task of increasing the export of agricultural products have not been worked out, the main indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the export of agricultural products have not been worked out.