The article focuses on the need to modernize the regulatory framework for agricultural trade in Russia. The analysis of the regulatory and legal regulation of the sphere of trade in agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs is carried out. The assessment of the implementation of the subprogram for the development of wholesale distribution centers in Russia is given. The essence of the law on organized auctions, its significance for the development of the agro-industrial complex and its infrastructural support are revealed, as well as a critical assessment of the draft of its changes and their impact on the agricultural sector is given. The amendments to the law on the fundamentals of state regulation of trading activities in Russia are evaluated. The analysis of the world experience in regulating trade activities is carried out, and the need for the development and adoption of a Trade Code in Russia is substantiated.
Economic accessibility of food is a key component of food security (along with the physical availability and quality of food), determining the population’s financial ability to purchase food products in sufficient quantities. Ensuring food security requires reliable indicators of accessibility. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the importance of this indicator, there is no unified methodology for its assessment. Existing approaches produce different results, complicating the monitoring of food security levels. This fact hinders the timely identification of threats and the development of effective response measures. The objective of the study was to develop an integrated indicator of economic accessibility of food for its assessment. The differences between existing methods for evaluating the actual volume of food consumption were analyzed. The study calculated indicators characterizing the economic accessibility of food: the food affordability index (FAI), the food expenditure share index (FESI), and the price anomaly index (PAI). Based on these indices, an integrated index of economic accessibility of food was constructed. It was established that the target level of economic accessibility of food in Russia has not been achieved. The integrated indicator remains below the threshold value, and by 2025 the level of economic accessibility of food in Russia is insufficient and lacks positive dynamics.
This article presents the results of a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the Russian mineral fertilizer market, focusing on the current situation through 2025 and assessing the industry's medium-term development prospects. Using a combination of methods and diverse data sources, the author systematizes the key internal and external factors influencing the market. The strengths and weaknesses of domestic production (resource base, technological equipment, production costs, logistics, and export potential) were identified. Opportunities for growth through supply diversification and expansion into new markets, deeper processing, and expanded government support were analyzed. The main threats, including increased sanctions pressure, increased price volatility for raw materials and finished products, increased competition, stricter environmental regulations, and a number of others, were assessed. Based on the SWOT analysis, strategic recommendations were formulated for market participants and regulators: optimization of export-import flows, increased investment in modernization to improve production technology, infrastructure development, and adaptation to new carbon regulation standards. The results of the study can be useful for agrochemical company executives, investors, government agencies, and researchers to make informed decisions in conditions of high uncertainty.
The conditions for the sustainable functioning of enterprises in protected soil vegetable growing and the organizational, economic and technological features of production and market behavior of enterprises are specified. The influence of external and internal factors on the performance of economic activity and market behavior of the enterprise of vegetable growing of protected ground is analyzed. The influence of conditions of exogenous and endogenous factors of influence on the performance of economic activity of enterprises in vegetable growing of protected ground is detailed. A system of strategic measures for further expansion of protected soil vegetable production at the federal and corporate levels is proposed.
The underdevelopment of contracting is one of the main reasons for the imbalance in relations between large and small forms of business, holdings and the deterioration of the situation of small businesses in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The situation is aggravated by the increasing sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. In this regard, studying the foreign experience of contracting in economically developed countries of the world allows us to identify the main directions, conditions and mechanisms for the development and support of small agribusiness. The complex of economically developed countries. The current models of contracting are highlighted. The mechanism of contractual relations in the production and marketing of agricultural and food products is investigated. Taking into account foreign practice and Russian specifics, possible approaches to solving the problems that have accumulated in this area are proposed.
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to comprehend the current trends of technological transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) within the framework of evolutionary economic theory. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the structural patterns of technological divergence in the Russian AIC based on the clustering of agri-tech startups and the assessment of investment dynamics. The methodological basis includes systemic and evolutionary approaches, methods of statistical and comparative analysis, cluster analysis of a database of technology companies (n=422). The results of the study showed that the Russian AIC is in a phase of active technological divergence, characterized by pronounced cluster specialization. Four key technological clusters are identified: "Biotechnology and New Production Systems" (46.3% of startups), "Digital Platforms and Precision Farming Solutions" (31.9%), "New Business Models and Value Chains" (14.3%), and "Roboticization and Automation" (8.1%). The identified cluster asymmetry (diversification index 0.66) corresponds to the patterns of the initial phase of divergence. Analysis of investment activity in the AgriTech sector for 2017-2025 revealed a wave-like dynamics with a peak in 2020 (19.32 million US dollars) and high volatility of the average round size (coefficient of variation 87.4%), indicating the sector's high sensitivity to external shocks and the persistence of fundamental scaling barriers. The key conclusions are that the current phase of divergence is characterized by a multiplicity of competing technological trajectories, diversification of business models, but also the persistence of structural imbalances determined by differences in capital intensity and institutional barriers. The emerging diverse landscape of innovators creates extensive material for subsequent market and institutional selection.
The purpose of this study is to examine the applied aspects of scientific research in Russia related to the implementation of elements and mechanisms for more effective functioning of agricultural cooperation. This article categorizes the applied aspects of agricultural production cooperation into broad areas. It examines the applied aspects of agricultural production cooperation reflected in scientific research in the following areas: national, resource sharing, organizational, economic, territorial development, and environmental. As part of this study of applied research on the role of agricultural cooperation in strengthening food security, the dynamics of shipped goods and the export volume of agricultural production cooperatives from 2017 to 2024 are presented, and the creation of agricultural export cooperation is discussed. When examining the resource sharing aspect, the positive aspects of joint use of land resources (shares) are identified, as well as the connection between resource pooling and the achievement of technical modernization goals. Examples of key technologies for technical modernization in agricultural production cooperatives are presented.
The article examines the influence of social factors on farmers' labor productivity. The influence of the social factor "family and school" is examined. The interactions between families and educational institutions and their impact on labor productivity are analyzed. Risk factors associated with the interactions between farmers' families and general education institution (school) where their children study have been identified based on the results of the survey. The study identifies key social factors and suggests ways to improve farmers' economic and social resilience. The article highlights the importance of this social factor in ensuring food security and developing agricultural sector of Russia.
The article discusses the mechanisms for turning an operational response to changes in the external business environment for the agro-industrial complex into an asset for agricultural organizations. In the agro-industrial complex, the traditional management model is still predominant, and the rate of transformation in digital, technological, and innovative areas is low. Organizations in the agricultural sector are slow to respond to critical changes in the external environment. The agricultural industry must move from an inert adherence to government policy in the field of agriculture to proactive change management. The study is based on the provisions of the VUCA and BANI concepts of describing the business environment, which take into account the uncertainty and speed of change of external conditions in the modern economy. The research methods include analysis and synthesis, as well as a systematic approach to categorize the mechanisms of flexible management in agricultural organizations in accordance with the basic characteristics of the concepts under consideration. As a result of the research, specific flexible management mechanisms are proposed for agricultural organizations that respond to environmental challenges. The immaturity of transformation processes, the lack of methodically verified change management mechanisms and tools at a more general level and in relation to the specifics of agribusiness organizations become a barrier to turning flexibility into an asset. The reproducibility of proactive management experience requires the formation of practices and tools for dealing with changes at different stages of the organization's development. In conditions of high price volatility, climate risks, sanctions, digitalization and global challenges, flexibility is becoming a key factor in the competitiveness and sustainable development of agricultural organizations. The proposed flexible management mechanisms can be used by agribusiness organizations to implement an adaptive management strategy based on consideration of key characteristics of the business environment.
In the context of the structural restructuring of global economic relations, the strategic diversification of Russian exports requires winning a stable position in dynamic markets, where ESG (environmental, social, and corporate governance) factors are evolving from voluntary norms into imperative requirements and turning from recommendatory principles into mandatory conditions for market access. The Persian Gulf countries, implementing large-scale modernization within the framework of national strategies (Saudi Vision 2030, UAE Net Zero 2050), are a clear example of the formation of a new quality of demand driven by the principles of sustainable development. This study offers a comprehensive scientific and practical approach aimed at overcoming the key contradiction between the traditional parameters of the competitiveness of Russian exports and the imperative of compliance with the rapidly tightening ESG standards of the region. The paper solves three interrelated problems: 1) conducting a comparative analysis of the ESG requirements of the Persian Gulf countries with the construction of a hierarchical model of regulatory impact; 2) development of a multi-level diagnostic tool for assessing ESG compliance with a focus on operational maturity, the carbon footprint of value chains, and market specifics; 3) formulation of recommendations for creating a system for verifying and mutually recognizing ESG data to minimize transaction costs. The result is an integrated adaptation roadmap that transforms ESG compliance from a cost item into a source of long-term competitive advantage for Russian exports in the Persian Gulf markets.