The problems in rural areas that are worsening every year and increasing concentration and monopolization have led to the need to analyze these processes and their mutual influence. The article examines the main approaches of world practice to the development of agriculture, the “modernization paradigm” (“industrial recruitment”) and the “self-development” model, their advantages and disadvantages. The influence of the main methods of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production – concentration and specialization – is noted. The concentration of production of pork, beef, poultry, vegetables and potatoes, as well as the processes of monopolization in logistics in the grain market and grain exports are analyzed. The socio-economic indicators of rural development, structural changes in the number of agricultural organizations, farms and private household plots were studied. The author shows concentration and consolidation of land assets in the possession of the largest latifundia in Russia. The concentration of assets and capital in large organizations of the agri-food complex and the uneven level of development of agriculture and the growth of concentration in the regions of Russia are noted. The author offers recommendations for changing the current situation in rural areas and increasing the efficiency of small businesses.
The article substantiates the relevance of the development of the planning and organization of labor organization of production organizations of the agro-industrial complex based on an effective-oriented approach. The need to increase the efficiency of production organizations of the agro -industrial complex to ensure long -term competitiveness in the agricultural product, as well as improving working conditions and improving the quality of working life to attract and retain highly qualified and productive workers is substantiated. The concept of “effective-oriented activity” and “effective-oriented approach” to labor management was proposed. Four types of labor relations regarding planning and organizing the effectiveness of activities, as well as their impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of the program for improving and developing the enterprise, have been justified. The organizational and economic mechanism of the application of an effective-oriented approach to the goal-setting, rationing, organization and control of the labor activity of employees of production organizations in the implementation of production processes and development processes has been developed. Theoretically substantiated the principles, methods and conditions of the effective application of an effective-oriented approach to the planning and organization of labor of employees of production organizations. Conclusions and practical recommendations on the application of an effective-oriented approach to planning and organization of labor in the conditions of modern production organizations have been drawn.
The increasing role of the Arctic seas in meeting the country's needs for fish products, the accuracy of forecasts for assessing the reserves of aquatic biological resources and their industrial exploitation is becoming an important task in the development and implementation of state policy for the fishery complex. The exhaustion of opportunities for economic growth based on the extensive exploitation of natural raw materials, ensuring food security in Russia, and reducing technological risks in the food complex require additional scientific research based on modern methodologies that allow the formation of a new model of social development and environmental conservation economics. The methodological approach of our research for conducting analysis is based on the use of analytical information that is available in official government statistics and empirical materials provided by various institutions and industry unions. The object of our scientific research is socio-economic processes in the system of production relations, phenomena and the totality of economic agents involved in production and technological processes, infrastructure projects, storage and transportation of finished products to the consumer, which give a more complete picture of the current state of the fishing industry and her appearance of the future.
The agricultural sector is a complex sphere that combines folk traditions, innovations and production. Every day agro-industrial complex is developing, and this is promoted by the government policy; in recent years, numerous reforms have been carried out, which led to the formation of efficient and stable agricultural production, capable of meeting demand of the population and exporting its products. The purpose of this paper is to develop provisions and recommendations to improve the methodology of analyzing the financial condition of agricultural companies, taking into account the characteristics of the industry. To achieve the goal, we used methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, modeling, abstraction, analogy, methods of economic and statistical analysis, balance method, comparative methods, methods of expert evaluations, structural and dynamic analysis and methods of tabular and graphical data presentation. This paper identifies the main features of the financial analysis of the agricultural enterprise, the key trends in the development of the industry at present, as well as the factors that determine the financial position of this sector. Also, using the proposed adjustments due to the peculiarities of the rural winery enterprise, the financial analysis of the winery enterprise was carried out and conclusions were formulated. It was revealed that some factors are most strongly present in the organization under study, such as a long production cycle, assets of different degrees of liquidity, reflected in complex items of the balance sheet and others, and there are those that do not require adjustments.
The development of the agro-food sector of the economy of the Republic of Belarus is one of the main priorities of socio-economic policy, guaranteeing the country's food security. State support for the agricultural sector is due to the strategic importance of this industry for the economy, sustainable development and modernization of the agricultural sector are key factors in the macroeconomic strategy of the state aimed at economic growth and improving the welfare of the population. The Republic of Belarus defines its own approaches to agricultural policy, has a certain system of state support reflecting the specifics of the country, taking into account the environmental and geographical features of the territories, economic and social conditions of various regions of the country. State support is an area of agricultural policy and allows us to significantly mitigate the consequences of various economic crises, natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, and disease outbreaks. The crisis related to overcoming the consequences of the pandemic, increased sanctions pressure on Russia and Belarus, geopolitical tensions in the world – all these factors have proved the need for additional measures of state support for the agricultural sector to ensure food security, as well as the development of new approaches to state support for the agricultural sector. The article discusses the importance of budgetary support for agriculture in increasing agricultural production, increasing its competitiveness, stabilizing the financial condition of agricultural organizations and increasing the export potential of the Republic of Belarus.
Digital transformation, as one of the national goals of the Russian Federation, should also be implemented in agriculture. To do this, the number of organizations using digital technologies must increase significantly. It is possible by increasing the costs of digitalization. However, the costs of agricultural organizations for digitalization are decreasing. An increase in the number of business entities interested in introducing digital technologies will be carried out when their owners are confident in the effectiveness of investments made in digitalization projects. This means that the results obtained for each ruble of costs invested must be significant. The costs of incorporating digital technologies into agriculture are high around the world. For this reason, Russian investors are not always ready to invest in digitalization. In this matter, enterprises need various government support measures. And in many countries with a high index of digitalization of agriculture, such measures have been and are being applied. In the Russian Federation, funds are also being allocated for the digital transformation of this industry and methods of support are being developed. However, judging by the statistics showing a decrease in the costs of agricultural organizations on digital technologies, they are not enough. And in the Russian Federation, support should be aimed not only at the introduction of digital technologies, but also at staff training to work with them, since today the level of proficiency in information and communication technologies in this industry is very low, and, therefore, requires additional costs from the owners for training and retraining of employees
The article is devoted to the study of the current state of technical and technological support for breeding and seed production of vegetable crops and potatoes in Russia. The article provides data on self-sufficiency in vegetables and potatoes, as well as seed material for vegetable and potato growing. The issues of providing seed farms with agricultural machinery and equipment, as well as measures of state support for the mechanization of breeding and seed production of vegetable crops and potatoes, are considered. As a result of the analysis of the current state of technical and technological support for breeding and seed production of vegetable crops and potatoes, as well as existing state support for the mechanization of seed production, the main measures necessary to increase the mechanization of this sub-branch of crop production have been identified.
In the modern realities of the agro-industrial sector, mineral fertilizers act as a driver of intensive growth in various sectors of agricultural production, thereby helping to solve the problem of ensuring food security of the population. Moreover, due to the geographical division of production and consumption of mineral fertilizers, both their producers and consumers are dependent on foreign trade. Changes in the availability of key production factors and solvency parameters of major consumers, as well as institutional factors, observed over recent years, lead to increased competition and transformation of trade flows in the global fertilizer market. It is noted that the Russian Federation today occupies the place of one of the largest exporters of fertilizers. The parameters and structure of Russian fertilizer exports are considered. Russia's place in the global fertilizer market and its position in the main segments have been determined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of export prices for domestic fertilizers, as well as assessing the impact of export quotas and duties introduced by Russia on the process of pricing fertilizers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that a significant change in fundamental factors in the world market leads to the emergence of a risk of shortages in certain regions of the world and the risk of farmers reducing fertilizer application rates due to the volatility of fertilizer prices, which may affect the sustainability of the development of the world food system. At the same time, it is almost impossible to completely replace Russian mineral fertilizers on the global market.
The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring food security in the Union State. By analyzing the structure of consumer spending, as well as studying the dynamics of the price index and real wages, the authors assess the level of food availability. The general trends of declining income purchasing power during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased sanctions pressure have been identified. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of consumption of basic food products per capita, the conclusions about the provision of the market with goods of its own production are substantiated. It is revealed that the main condition for the fulfillment of food security indicators is the use of modern technologies for the production of agricultural products, raw materials and food, the use of which requires a high level of logistical support. The authors determined that in the Union State there are multi-vector views on the modernization of technical potential, in particular in the Republic of Belarus these tasks are solved by updating the machine and tractor fleet with equipment of their own production, which does not always allow the use of intensive technologies for growing plants and keeping animals. On the other hand, in Russia, the use of Western high-performance equipment has increased labor productivity, but has led to dependence on imported supplies of specialized equipment.
The article focuses on the main elements that determine the vector of development of food security in Russia. The level of self-sufficiency with the main types of agricultural products and food in Russia has been determined. The assessment of the level of annual consumption of basic foodstuffs in Russia per capita, including by federal districts, is given. The economic accessibility of food in Russia has been revealed, as well as the necessary volumes of production of basic foodstuffs for domestic consumption by the population. The author's logical and graphical model of a step-by-step methodology for calculating the need for food in Russia is presented.