In the course of the research on the presented topic, the authors analyzed the socio-economic conditions necessary for the formation of an effective human capital management system in the agricultural sector, since the pace of modernization of the country's economy and each of its branches separately, providing for radical scientific, technical, technological and structural changes, depends primarily on human capital. In order to manage the modern resource potential of economic entities, a different level of human capital is already needed today. In order to characterize the elements of the human capital management system and determine the prerequisites for its effective use, the article identifies the participants of the human capital management system, analyzes the dynamics of the rural population of working age and the number of agricultural workers in the region, the level of average nominal wages. Positive and negative tendencies of changes in socio-economic conditions are identified, and on this basis, a mechanism for managing human capital in the agricultural sector is proposed, contributing to the achievement of goals and solving problems of the current and strategic nature.
The article analyzes new mechanisms of support for agricultural consumer cooperatives. Special attention is paid to the changes in connection with the adoption of the national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative". The main changes are associated with the beginning of the implementation of the federal projects "Creation of a system of support for farmers and the development of rural cooperation" and "Acceleration of small and medium-sized businesses" and the subsequent introduction of subsidies for the creation of agricultural consumer cooperatives and centers of competence in the field of agricultural cooperation and support for farmers. The content of both new instruments of state support for agricultural cooperatives and those that have already proven themselves within the framework of state programs for the development of agriculture is disclosed. Shortcomings in the implementation of measures for state support of rural cooperation are noted and the directions of their overcoming are determined.
Russia has a great potential in the production of grain crops. In recent years, the country has turned from an importer of grain into an exporter and ranks 5th in the world in terms of exports. But at present, products of deep processing of grain with high added value are becoming more and more popular in the world, and in order to occupy this niche in exports, it is necessary to build processing enterprises and increase gross grain collections. The article provides a detailed analysis of the efficiency of grain production in the country, suggests measures to increase the yield and increase the efficiency of the grain sub-sector.
The article reveals the issues of restoring and increasing the efficiency of the functioning of horticultural organizations. It is indicated that the role of the latter in modern conditions is increasing, since in all developed countries they are the core of the implementation of scientific and technological progress and the basis for sustainable economic development of rural areas. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the production of fruit products in agricultural organizations in the context of the natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Dagestan. The dynamics of indicators of development of horticulture by categories of farms in the region is analyzed. It was found that for 2015-2020 in agricultural organizations of the republic, the area offruit plantations increased by 6%, and the volume of production - by 80.4%. The share of the public sector in the total volume of gross fruit production was 5.5%. The analysis of the production and economic activities of horticultural organizations in different natural and climatic zones of the republic, demonstrating low potential and financial instability. An example of the best republican horticultural organizations implementing the largest investment projects is given. The proposed activities aimed at restoring and increasing the competitiveness of industry organizations.
The agro-industrial complex (AIC) includes in its composition significant sectors of the country's economy, which are entrusted with such important functions as the formation of the agri-food market, economic and food reserves of the state. Today, the organizations of the agro-industrial complex of our country are forced to face problems caused by the imposed sanctions and difficulties with import substitution. Being a complex multi-level system, the agro-industrial complex requires effective management.
The article shows the role of state management of human and labor activity as a condition in the formation of entrepreneurial abilities of an individual. On the basis of the theoretical views of a number of classics of economic science, the main forms of state support in the development of entrepreneurship associated with risk are identified. In order to compensate for expenses, substantiated methodological proposals for partial compensation for losses in agricultural production and other areas of entrepreneurial activity are given.
In 2018, the passport of the federal project "Export of agricultural products" was published on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture. The document assumed an active increase in the export of agricultural products and food to $ 45 billion by December 31, 2024. However, this year the indicator of the volume of exports of products was reduced from 45 to 34 billion dollars. This suggests that, firstly, at the stage of forming the federal project, the world markets of the main types of agricultural products and food have not been analyzed, and secondly, increasing the export of agricultural products is one of the main goals of the cited agrarian policy, and not its instrument. In general, for our country, there are many problems related to the export of agricultural products and food: the lack of commodity distribution infrastructure, insufficient state support for exporters, insufficient elaboration of organizational export mechanisms, etc. But one of the main factors is the state of the world markets for agricultural products and food, their conjuncture and the competitiveness of domestic products on world markets. The article analyzes the world markets of the main types of agricultural products, as well as the possibility of increasing exports by the main types of agricultural products.
Increasing exports is one of the main priorities of the Russian agrarian policy at the present stage. In accordance with the federal project «Export of agricultural products», the volume of products sold to foreign markets should double by 2024. The article considers various aspects of the realization of the export potential of agriculture in Russia. The role of the country in the structure of world trade is analyzed, the commodity structure of exports is studied. The authors confirm the thesis that the Russian economy has a pronounced raw material basis, the cyclical development of the hydrocarbon market and the high level of dependence on world prices for them emphasize the urgent need for economic diversification. The authors believe that with a rational approach to agricultural production and compliance with all environmental requirements, agricultural products are a renewable source of profit in the future can become an important item of income from exports.
The article analyzes the implementation of the federal project "Export of agricultural products" within the framework of the national project (program) "International cooperation and export". The results obtained can be used to anticipate the risks of its implementation associated with a reduction in budget allocations for certain activities, untimely delivery of funds to the end consumer due to the lack of regulatory legal support. It is intended not only for specialists engaged in the study of this problem, but also for a wide range of interested readers.
The article presents the results of studying foreign experience (measures and tools), recommendations of international organizations to ensure food security in the future of its possible use for Russia.