The article examines the experience of foreign countries in using tax support tools and stimulating scientific and innovative activities in private business in relation to the agricultural sector. Based on the generalization of foreign experience, the increasing importance of tax methods in state policy to support and stimulate the scientific and innovative activities of private business organizations in the conditions of the formation and development of innovative economies, the technological base of industries and knowledge-intensive industries is shown. Trends and approaches in the use of a special tax mechanism in agriculture in developed countries have been identified, based on the introduction of mandatory levy from sales of certain types of products for agricultural producers in order to form funds at the sub-sectoral level to support applied agricultural research programs and/or market promotion of goods produced by agricultural producers of sub-sectors. An assessment of the impact of this mechanism on productivity growth and technological development of individual sub-sectors in a number of countries using this mechanism to attract the participation of agricultural economic entities in the financing and management of agricultural research, taking into account their practical technological needs, is given.
Agricultural cooperation currently continues to remain an integral part of a stable and successful economic management in the agro-industrial complex, designed for the long term. In modern conditions, cooperation in the agricultural sector demonstrates high indicators of sustainable development and is the key to increasing the ability of an enterprise to maintain its viability. Due to the model of its construction and principles of functioning, cooperation is the most promising form of economic interaction in agriculture, even in times of crisis. In this regard, the advanced foreign experience in the development of agricultural cooperatives is of particular importance and arouses practical interest.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector are an essential component of US economic development: it contributes to the formation of jobs, the rapid adaptation of production to market needs, the development of rural areas, and, thereby, provides the dynamism of the national economy. The article discusses the priority directions of state policy for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the US agricultural sector, analyzes the main elements of the organizational and economic mechanism of state support to agricultural SMEs, considers the basic criteria for classifying organizations as SMEs. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach based on the use of general scientific methods.
According to the UN FAO, by 2050 the population will grow, which will contribute to an increase in demand for food, including animal products. In turn, the production of animal products will require a significant amount of nutritious feed. One of the most popular crop products in animal husbandry is soy. Currently, soybean production is increasing both due to deforestation and the development of virgin lands, and through the use of agrochemicals. The article briefly describes the global trends in the production of soybeans, as well as the problems that arise when expanding the acreage under soybeans.
The article emphasizes the importance of the role of consumer cooperation in the development of agriculture, an assessment of its state in Russia is given. It is shown that the main reasons that impede the development of consumer cooperation are of a managerial nature, that is, they are generated by insufficient efficiency of state management of agriculture and the economy as a whole. It is noted that one of the main among them is the focus of the country's agricultural policy on excessive monopolization of property and concentration of production in the industry, as a result of which large agricultural holdings have emerged, owning about one million hectares of farmland and more. Based on world experience, the factors contributing to the named negative processes are listed. The negative consequences of the processes of property monopolization and concentration of production in the industry are formulated. The expediency of harmonious development in agriculture of large integrated formations and small forms of management has been substantiated. Taking into account the best foreign practice, a possible variant of their mutually beneficial cooperation is presented. The necessity of an urgent departure from the traditionally established practice in Russia of hindering the development of industrial and local self-government institutions, as well as small business, including through the formation of a system of consumer cooperation in agriculture, is argued. It is concluded that, ignoring these basic prerequisites for socio-economic development, no country has been able to ensure the competitiveness of agriculture and the economy as a whole, as well as a high quality of life of the population.
Strengthening of integration and cooperation processes in the agro-industrial complex is objectively determined by the level of development of productive forces and intersectoral ties. Integration can be considered as a socio-economic process that arises at a certain stage in the development of productive forces, when the organizational and economic forms of inter-sectoral interaction that have developed on the basis of the division of labor turn out to be insufficiently effective and do not provide a further increase in production efficiency.
Achieving food security is one of the most important strategic tasks of state development. Despite the significant contribution of domestic agricultural producers to the country development, the current situation in the agrarian sector of our country has negatively affected the availability of high-quality food products and, in particular, meat products, for certain categories of residents of Russian regions. Currently, any agricultural organization seeks to increase the meat productivity of young cattle, improve the quality of livestock products produced. The authors note the key role of beef production and sales due to the high demand of this product for the population of the Russian Federation. It is stated, that one of the key factors in improving the quality and increasing the volume of beef production is the formation of balanced and nutritious diets for animals, the use of biologically active substances in cattle feed rations. In order to achieve the goals the authors of the article suggest using the feed additive «Biodarin» in the optimal feeding diets formation for farm animals. The made calculations showed that the highest economic effect is reached when using probiotic-feeding additive in doses equal to 7.0 g/kg of concentrates, which promotes to decrease the cost of 1 centner of growth by 5% and to increase the profitability of beef production by 4.8%.
This article considers promising areas of management of agricultural sub-sectors of geostrategic territories(regions), assesses the current state and forecasts for the medium and long-term perspective in the formation of new management relationships, taking into account a number of features of all geostrategic regions, primarily related to socio-economic development, state support and the existing management system in the field of agricultural business. The current system of managing the economic development of agriculture is not able to ensure the transition to self-sustaining dynamics in the long term, and the formation of an effective potential for agricultural growth remains problematic. It is impossible not to take into account the current trends associated with the digitalization of the economy, the high level of application of modern energy-saving technologies in production processes, the aggravation of environmental problems, changes in consumer demand and increased consumer awareness.
It is proposed to form a balanced system of interaction between the state, business and society at the regional level, taking into account the need to minimize the administrative impact on business. Despite the significant scale of the measures taken by the state support, the governing bodies in most regions of the Russian Federation failed to reverse the prevailing negative trends. The steps taken were mainly aimed at eliminating duplication, delimiting functions and powers at the levels of the budgetary system, and consolidating the corresponding revenue sources. In addition to control, preferential, supporting and regulatory functions, it was proposed to use the coordinating function more broadly in the practice of regional management. The current state of the economy of the Voronezh region and its agricultural sector and the measures of state support were analyzed. The directions for improving the management of the agrarian sector of the regional economy and regional development in general, as well as solving the identified problems in the development of the vegetable and fruit and berry sub-complex of the regional agro-industrial complex are proposed.
In order to provide intensive development of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to create conditions for the implementation of investment projects in this area. The growing uncertainty about the future dynamics of prices, both in Russia and in many developed and developing countries, leads to the fact that projects in the agricultural sector may be considered to be more risky, and therefore investors may refuse to finance them. The purpose of this study is to develop measures to stimulate investments in agricultural projects in the environment of growing price risks based on the analysis of the impact of such risks on decisions on project implementation. The research uses such scientific methods as synthesis, analysis, longitudinal method and methods of quantitative analysis. In the article, based on a sample of 89 countries for the period from 1990 to 2019, it was shown that decisions on financing projects in the agricultural sector are more sensitive to price risks than projects in other industries. In particular, this is manifested in the fact that with an increase in price uncertainty, the share of loans to agricultural enterprises in the total volume of loans to non-financial companies decreases, the dependence is significant at the 1% level. To support agricultural projects in conditions of price uncertainty, it is proposed to allow banks to extend loans in the agricultural sector once without accruing additional reserves, expand opportunities for prolongation of investment agricultural loans received from authorized banks, form measures of long-term support for agricultural enterprises, which are provided only in case of realization of price risks (for example, if the average market price level for manufactured products falls below a certain level).