Growth in the production and sale of pig products to the need to find new options for increasing income and income. The production process of a company that specializes in raising pigs requires an investment of costs, which ultimately constitute the cost of production. The cost price is the economic indicator that managers need to make managerial decisions on set prices and the volume of product sales, a significant reduction in costs, or, conversely, their increase if a production initiative is required. The problem of reducing costs in the pig industry, and, consequently, the cost of production, is relevant for agricultural producers at all stages of economic development. It becomes especially acute in the conditions of market reforms, when there is a constant increase in prices for energy carriers, fuel and other tangible and intangible costs. Under these conditions, the correct organization of cost accounting, a methodically competent approach to cost calculation and its analysis will allow not only obtaining reliable information in this area of accounting work, but also using it for management purposes. Information obtained by comparing different methods of cost formation, cost management, can lead to an increase in its relevance and determine the most optimal management decision. One of these options is also the use of different approaches to cost estimation, cost formation and definition of the "horizon" for development.
Traditional agriculture has been a supplier of food for the growing population of the earth for a long time. In the second half of the last century, a new paradigm began to develop: a return to life or the creation of self-healing systems in agriculture capable of producing healthy, nutritious food. The ecological aspect has become an integral part of sustainable development, so the method of conducting environmentally friendly or organic agriculture is expanding, and Russia is a participant in this process. The ecological advantages of organic agriculture are noticeable on the example of crop production, when effective fertility management takes into account the characteristics of the plant, soil organic matter and soil biology. The development of organic farming and crop production as part of it in Russia is an important tool for the sustainable development of rural areas of the country, and also reduces the negative impact on human health and the environment, contributes to solving social and economic problems.
The article examines the main aspects of the competitive environment in the greenhouse industry. Production indicators in Russia, at the end of 2020, showed a significant increase compared to previous years. Last year, the volume of greenhouse production of vegetables amounted to more than a million tons, respectively, and the volumes of products shipped were also record high. This can only speak of the high relevance and prospects of this industry.
The article examines foreign experience in applying the method of trade-off analysis in modeling the processes of development and transformation of agri-food systems, taking into account various criteria for their effectiveness and sustainability. Such an analysis is necessary to determine the priorities and focus of management actions in the context of adaptation to global climate change. Combined with a multi-model approach, trade-off analysis helps stakeholders to explore the potential of new agricultural technologies and strategies to enable agri-food systems to adapt to climate change.
Food inflation, as well as prices’ growth for any other category of goods and services, may differ from the average inflation in an economy. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors of differences in the growth rates of food prices from the average inflation based on a sample of 160 countries for the period 1992-2020. During the study, such methods as analysis, synthesis, longitudinal method, methods of descriptive and regression analysis were used. The study shows that in half of developed countries and in three-quarters of developing countries in the period from 1992 to 2020 food prices grew faster than the average price growth in the economy. After 2003, spread between food prices increase and inflation became especially stable. The study revealed that the higher the level of development of the country, the lower the differences between the rate of increase in food prices and inflation. It is also shown in the paper that an increase in urban population share by 1 percentage point leads to an increase in food prices relative to inflation by 0.83 percentage points (the dependence is significant at the 10% level). With inflation rates higher by 1 percentage point, it is also observed by 0.11 percentage points higher differences between food prices increase and inflation (the dependence is significant at the 5% level).
The growing interest of researchers in studying the prerequisites and criteria for the formation of a strategy, as well as the directions of spatial development of agriculture, is currently due to the need to increase the sustainable functioning and development of both the industry itself in this space and the Russian territories as a living environment. In our opinion, in modern conditions, the foundation of the formation and development of agriculture is the connectivity of the economic space, expressed in the balance of economic interactions, and strategic management, expressed in institutional interaction at all levels, accessibility, intensity and complementarity of subjects. In this regard, the assessment of the strategic management of agriculture in the country is currently gaining considerable scientific interest, and the level of interaction between government structures, business and the population has a significant impact on the integrated functioning and development of agricultural economies. Within the framework of this article, the problem of constructing a model of strategic management of spatial development of agriculture is considered. The search and application of additional tools to ensure the sustainable development of the economy of the country's region, strengthening the position of the industry in the face of increasing competition in foreign markets - all this becomes even more acute precisely in modern economic conditions, uncertainty and crisis. At the same time, effective forms of management of spatial development of agriculture, including coordination of actions, effective cooperation of system-forming structures in agriculture, are of particular importance.
The article presents an analysis of regional legislation regulating the organization of turnover of agricultural land plots in the subjects of the Non-Chernozem economic zone of the Russia (hereinafter - the Non-Chernozem region), in order to determine its compliance with the norms of federal legislation. The norms of regional laws establishing the maximum sizes of land plots that can be owned by one person based on the total area of agricultural land in the territory of one municipal district at the time of the provision or acquisition of such a plot, as well as the minimum sizes of new land plots formed from agricultural land, are considered. The grouping of subjects of the Non-Chernozem region by the size of such sites is presented. Based on the analysis, proposals for improving federal land legislation are formulated.
The article discusses the possibilities of increasing the profitability of labor through the organization of agricultural cooperatives, both production and consumer. As priority measures, the necessity of forming cooperatives that are optimal in size is justified. This is followed by proposals for the organization of on-farm labor collectives that are optimal in terms of the number of employees specializing in dairy and beef cattle breeding. The practical use of the recommendations, according to the authors, guarantees a significant increase in the income of cooperatives and, accordingly, an increase in the income of their members.
The article discusses the features of the functional efficiency of the introduction of digital technologies in the organizations of the agro-industrial complex, including the impact of digital transformation on production processes. The prerequisites of digital transformation in the agro-industrial complex organizations are characterized, due to the level of digital maturity of the economic entities of the agro-industrial sector. The results of a questionnaire survey are presented in order to clarify the practical implementation of the functional effectiveness of the development of digital technologies.
The article is devoted to the problems of the formation and development of investment capital in the agro-industrial complex based on the improvement of such instruments of economic regulation as the budget, tax and credit, in order to activate the investment process and the growth of investments in real assets and human capital to achieve national goals, the formation of a socially-oriented "green economy »And the transition of the industry to a new technological structure. In the article, the authors analyze the instruments of the economic mechanism of the agro-industrial complex, such as government support, lending and taxes. It is noted that stable government support, available long-term credit resources and comprehensive incentive tax measures in the agro-industrial complex will lead to an increase in the necessary investment capital for the growth of the agricultural economy at a new technical and technological level.