This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of the world market of nut products in modern conditions. The author considers the dynamics of the main indicators of the functioning of the world nut subcomplex. The main features of the conjuncture of the world market of nuts are determined, leaders in the production of various types of products are identified, the specifics of pricing depending on the region of production are investigated. Much attention is paid to the issues of organic nut farming, in particular in the countries of the European Union. Based on the index analysis, the author identified the main reasons for the decline in the production of organic nut products in Europe.
The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investments of agricultural organizations in Russia. As a result of the study, the author revealed that the tools and incentives of the organizational and economic mechanism do not have a significant impact on the activation of investment processes in agriculture. The author emphasizes that the accumulation rates remain low and insufficient for economic growth, inefficient investments in financial assets lead to capital outflow from the most important areas of investment, investments in real and human capital are insufficient in volume, the structure of investment financing sources is not optimal. It is necessary to improve the organizational and economic mechanism in the direction of strengthening state regulation of prices for investment resources, increasing the volume of leasing, increasing the efficiency of agricultural insurance.
The article assesses the state of the social partnership system in Russia and outlines the main directions of its further development as the basis for regulating social and labor relations, taking into account the organizational and economic conditions of agricultural production and its innovative development. Among the priority measures: improving legislation, raising the level of social standards to the average in the country's economy, strengthening the role and self-awareness of labor society; Enhancing research on social partnerships, including existing foreign and domestic experience. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of wages of agricultural workers in the social partnership system.
The article discusses the dynamics and trends in the development of the labor force in the Russia over the past twenty years. Particular attention is paid to the impact on these dynamics of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect achieved through government measures to support employment. In addition, the change in the gender structure of the country's workforce was analyzed, conclusions were drawn about a pronounced manifestation of population aging. Based on the analysis of empirical data provided by official statistics, the advantages of the Krasnodar Territory are highlighted, which, unlike many subjects of the Russia, manages to cope with crisis influences and continue to increase its labor potential. On the basis of the extrapolation method, a forecast is made of the number of the labor force in the region, which can be expected by 2030 while maintaining the observed trends.
The article contains a comparative analysis of the level of poverty in urban and rural areas of the Russia. The transformation of the poverty localization coefficient in rural areas, calculated according to the author's methodology and indicating that Russian poverty has a "peasant face", is presented. The main factors of localization of poverty in rural areas are argued, consisting in a low public assessment of agricultural labor and high unemployment, largely due to the mono-employment of the rural population. The characteristic of the level of social protection of the poor in rural areas is given. Priority mechanisms for reducing rural poverty and rural-urban inequality in its spread in rural and urban areas are substantiated.
The article considers the distinctive features of modern social and labor relations in agriculture. In particular, the ongoing socio-economic transformation of the industry and other objective reasons (including the epidemiological situation and the specificity of agricultural production) have contributed to the fact that at present in the agrarian sphere of the country there are various combinations of almost the entire variety of social and labor relations - from partnership to discrimination and conflict. Therefore, effective regulatory measures were needed that took into account the priorities of agricultural development, as well as the characteristics of specific agricultural producers and rural areas. Moreover, there is already a positive experience in regulating in certain regions of Russia individual substantive aspects of social and labor relations of the agrarian sphere.
The implementation of national projects, concepts and strategies for the development of human capital in the context of digitalization has determined the priority importance. One of the conditions for the economic growth of the agricultural sector of the economy is to ensure the economic security of the labor sphere in order to create a comfortable environment and conditions for the development of human capital. In modern conditions, the agricultural sector of the economy is forced not only to adapt to the prevailing conditions of political and socio-economic instability, but also to make managerial decisions aimed at reducing threats to production and financial activities and ensuring economic security in interrelation and interdependence with comfortable conditions that condition the development of human capital in the field of labor. The combination of the proposed measures to ensure the economic security of the agricultural sector of the economy will improve their financial condition, increase competitiveness, and create comfortable conditions for the development of human capital. The considered tools are the basis for the development of a Strategy for the economic security of the labor sphere of the agricultural sector of the economy.
The paper pays attention to the economic problems of scientific and technological development of sub-branches of the agro-industrial complex. The promising directions and urgent tasks of the scientific and technical development of the domestic agro-industrial complex are highlighted. Problems were identified and trends in the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017–2025 were identified, including individual Subprograms. The mechanism of the formation of a cross-border cluster is shown, which includes organizations of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, whose activities will contribute to the formation of technological chains for deep processing of grain in order to obtain innovative products with a high share of added value. The calculation of the economic efficiency of creating a cross-border cluster with the second degree of deep processing of wheat grain is made, which confirms the prospects of its creation.
The work focuses on the search for ways to improve methods for assessing the activities of personnel in agricultural production. The main groups of indicators for assessing the performance of personnel in agricultural organizations have been identified. A list of qualitative and quantitative indicators for the methodology for assessing the activities of labor resources in agricultural organizations has been determined. The proposed methodology for assessing personnel in agricultural production was tested on the materials of annual (accounting) statements of agricultural organizations in the Orel region. In addition, the work analyzes the socio-demographic indicators of the Orel region, as well as the dynamics of the number of workers in the agricultural sector in the region.
The article provides an analysis of the fishing industry of the Far East, which forms the basis of the economy of the entire fishing industry of Russia, which showed a low technical and technological level of the domestic fishery complex, leading to large economic and financial losses, which reduces its competitiveness and, in the context of globalization, can lead to the loss of its positions. for the extraction of aquatic biological resources. Fishing in the Far East requires a change in the paradigm of its development, taking into account geopolitical risks and population growth in the states of the Asia-Pacific region, an increase in the anthropogenic impact of human economic activity on marine ecosystems, and climate change. The state policy pursued should take into account not only the needs of modern society, but also take into account the interests of future generations of our country.