The article discusses modern approaches to the use of the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP) in the scientific and innovative field and, in particular, plant breeding based on the analysis of foreign practice. The role, main features and problems of creating a PPP in plant breeding are considered. Organizational forms of PPP in the field of plant breeding in economically developed countries are shown.
ThestudyisdevotedtotheinnovationstrategyintheUSagriculture. The stages of building an innovation Strategy, the directions of innovation development, emerging challenges in various agricultural segments, research aimed at the future of US agricultural innovation, as well as the conditions determining the digital transformation of agriculture are considered. Particular attention is paid to the objectives stated in the strategy for the production of agricultural crops. The key priorities of the direction of development of innovative activity of the USA are formulated.
The modern agricultural sector, as well as the Russian national economy as a whole, and society, is going through a difficult stage of its development due to the crisis of international relations. The purpose of the study was to identify the most relevant areas of implementation of agrarian policy in the current conditions of a decline in the pace of globalization and an increase in the role of the national economy. In the process of work, the authors used the methods of expert assessments and analytical generalizations. The article provides a critical analysis of the historical development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, organizational and economic agrarian reforms, new challenges and threats in solving food security problems. The authors cite the world experience of reforming agriculture, the features of Russian rural development. The selection of the most pressing issues was carried out on the basis of all-Russian long-term trends. As the basic problems, the authors identified aspects of accumulation, distribution and protection of property, including land, greening and staffing of agricultural industries by highly qualified specialists satisfied with the living conditions in rural areas. The importance of education and science, new forms of training and retraining of personnel in agricultural universities is highlighted. For the successful implementation of the tasks given in the article, it is advisable at this stage of the development of our agrarian economy to introduce into practice more effective mechanisms of interaction between science, production, and education. And then it will really be possible to say with confidence that the problems created from abroad for our country can become a source of opportunities and potential development, including and especially in the agricultural sector.
The solution of the problems of poverty and the preservation of rural areas is possible provided that the profitability of households of the population increases. Agricultural consumer cooperation can play a key role in increasing their economic stability and competitiveness. However, when creating a cooperative, its participants do not understand why a cooperative is being created, how the process of its organization should take place and what is the essence of its long-term development strategy. The purpose of the article: based on the analysis of the theoretical provisions of strategic planning, to develop the main provisions of the strategic plan for the development of an agricultural consumer cooperative. In the process of preparing the article, the following methods were used: abstract-logical, analysis, synthesis, monographic, expert assessments, SWOT analysis. The roadmap for the creation of a cooperative includes the main organizational procedures for its creation. When developing the strategy of an agricultural consumer cooperative, the peculiarities of the cooperative form of production organization are taken into account. The strategy should be developed in stages and include separate strategies for finance, marketing, production, etc.
The implementation of the subprogram "Development of sugar beet breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation" is designed to ensure the progressive development of the sugar beet subcomplex of Russia. The main goal of this subprogram is to move from the classical technology of creating new varieties to the creation of domestic hybrids with a potential collection of sugar from one ha to 10 tons and resistance to stress conditions and resistance to various kinds of diseases on the basis of modern scientific knowledge in the field of genetics. The project also involves solving the problems of organizing seed production with the development of appropriate agricultural technologies to obtain high yields and the quality of beet raw materials produced. The subprogram is implemented in 4 subjects of the Russian Federation: Voronezh and Orel regions, Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Crimea. An important issue for the timely solution of the problems in the field of breeding and seed production of sugar beet is the financial side of this project, it is necessary to take measures to increase the financing of research works on applied breeding, taking into account inflationary processes in the economy and the rise in the cost of attracted resources, an increase in the wages of researchers.
The article is devoted to the main approaches to the formation of the sectoral economic ecosystem of the fishery complex in Russia in the context of the digitalization of the economy. Various points of view on the classification of economic systems, the allocation of their types are analyzed. The author's approach to the classification of economic systems is formulated. The parameters of the formation of the economic ecosystem of an economic entity - the fishery complex of Russia are identified.
This article is devoted to the sectoral features of the development of the grain subcomplex of Russia. The author has studied the conjuncture and dynamics of the development of the Russian market of nuts, as well as the factors shaping supply and demand in its various segments. The analysis of the structure of production by type of products, the source of its production. In particular, the specific organizational and legal features of collecting nuts from wild plants have been identified. The regional placement of perennial plantings of nut-bearing crops has been investigated. The author paid special attention to the prospects of import substitution in the Russian market of nuts.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the number of peasant (farmer) farms, acreage of crops, gross yields and yields of grain and leguminous crops, sunflower for grain, potatoes and vegetables for 2016-2020 in Russia, the Volga Federal District and the Orenburg region. In K(F)X, the trends of increasing the acreage and increasing the yield of agricultural crops were revealed, which indicate the possibilities in the future to increase the production of the main types of agricultural crops. This corresponds to the goals of ensuring the country's food security. The comprehensive use of various forms of state support contributes to the sustainable development of K(F)X based on the renewal of machinery, equipment, agricultural machinery, the use of plant protection products and innovative crop cultivation technologies.
Innovation is currently the main element of the effective development of the state's economy. In developed foreign countries, increased attention is paid to innovation in various fields, including agriculture. One of the most promising areas of innovative development is biotechnology, the achievements of which find their application in a wide range of human activities. Agricultural biotechnology is based on achievements in the field of cellular and molecular biology, genetic engineering, the essence of which can be defined as a set of techniques and methods that provide a directed change in the hereditary properties of an organism by direct gene transfer or by influencing the genes that determine a particular genetic trait. An important direction in the development of biotechnology is the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), in particular agricultural crops with specified properties. The most common introduced properties necessary to increase agricultural productivity have become plant resistance to herbicides and insect pests. The article examines the current state of the world production of agricultural GM crops, the main of which at the moment are herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant soybeans, corn, cotton and rapeseed. The data concerning the area of cultivation of GM crops in various regions and countries, the economic costs and benefits of farmers growing them, the volume of additional production growth for the period from 1996 to 2019 are presented. Attention is paid to the legal issues of the turnover of GMOs, the problem of assessing their safety for humans and animals in countries representing two different approaches in this area: the United States and Europe, as well as the perception of GMOs by the world public in connection with concerns about their safety.
The paper pays attention to the problems of developing the market for organic agriculture products and its infrastructure support in Russia. The main systemic problems of the development of organic production in agriculture in Russia are presented. The main groups of factors influencing the development of the organic products market and its infrastructure support, as well as the main directions of consumer demand, the characteristics of consumers and stakeholders in the development of organic products production, are determined. A mechanism for managing the prospective development of the infrastructure of the organic products market in Russia is presented.