The article deals with the theoretical issues of the formation of institutions and their interaction in the context of the components of the main elements of the economic mechanism. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience of the functioning of institutions and organizational mechanism in the agro-industrial complex, directions for their improvement are proposed, taking into account the consequences of sanctions pressure on the country's economy. It is proposed to adjust the approach to strategic planning, including from the position of sectoral subcomplexes as single institutional units, and also considers the option of transforming the approach to the functioning of the intervention fund system as an institution
The research is executed for the purpose of identification of major factors (determinants) making impact on the organizational and economic mechanism of management of land resources in agriculture. Studying of institutional determinants allowed to establish that formal institutes become inefficient or need legislative improvement. Not always accepted standards and rules have an adaptive mechanism of their maintenance. High level of transactional costs for many years interferes with timely registration of land shares in property that has negative impact on efficiency of their use. One of important organizational determinants of management - regulation of the land relations regarding use of agricultural grounds which is characterized by lack of centralization, variety of legal forms, structures, governing bodies of agriculture now that leads to abuses, development of the sector of not observed economy, reduction of collecting of land payments. At this conjuncture there is a need of entering of amendments into land policy for improvement of the regional land legislation, increase in level of management of land resources. Economic determinants give the chance to administer the landed property at the regional level for the purpose of obtaining material benefit agricultural producers, timely implementation by them of obligations for land tax. Payments for use of lands from structure of agricultural grounds can go for their protection, increase in soil fertility.
The paper pays attention to the state support of scientific and technical development of industries and sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex. The goals and individual instruments of state support for the scientific and technical development of the Russian agro-industrial complex are identified. Priorities were identified and trends were identified for the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017–2025, including individual Subprograms. The paper also presents a draft model of the Belarusian-Russian cross-border cluster for the production of sugar, which includes organizations of the Union State, whose activities will contribute to the development of substitution of sugar imports from third countries and access to foreign markets. The proposals aimed at ensuring food, environmental and technological safety and competitiveness of domestic sugar beet producers are given.
The article discusses gas consumption in the context of individual regions. The author’s classification of region by indicators of gas consumption in the region is proposed which allows to comprehensively assess the availability for its use by organizations and households in a certain territory. The factors affecting gas consumption in the region are described, the consideration of which is necessary when developing regional gasification plans.
In scientific publications of agricultural economists, issues of ensuring food security, including indicators for assessing food security, are widely discussed. It should be noted that the methodological approaches to food security assessment set out in the scientific works of Russian scientists do not take into account all areas of food security assessment. In this direction, there are many unexplored issues concerning both the production of agricultural products and the provision of food to the population. An important place should be given to the analysis of indicators characterizing the level of differentiation of consumption, nutritional and energy value of food consumed by the population of the Russian Federation. Such an analysis allows us to give an objective assessment of food consumption, its quality and energy value by various socio-demographic groups of the population, differentiated by income level. This approach is largely due to the need to obtain objective information about the state of food security at the national level. At the same time, the system of indicators for assessing food security should be structured and justified, and indicators could be calculated on the basis of available information. This article is devoted to the assessment of the differentiation of consumption, nutritional and energy value of food and involves consideration of a wide range of issues. However, due to the limited volume of the publication, not all issues are presented fully enough, other issues are of a debatable nature, and some are disclosed due to the lack of an information base.
This article is devoted to the issues of the current state and prospects for the development of nut production in the context of the functioning of the organic products market. The author investigates the specific features of nut growing as a segment of the organic products market, in particular, the trends in changing the structure of nut orchards in agricultural organizations are revealed. The dynamics of the area of perennial nut-bearing plantations by categories of farms and by federal districts is estimated when comparing the results of the agricultural census of 2006 and 2016. The peculiarities of collecting pine nuts in the commercial zones of the Russian forest fund are revealed. Based on the analysis of the cost structure, specific factors determining the economic efficiency of nut production, in particular labor productivity, as well as the degree of automation of production, have been identified.
The article is devoted to the problems of applying organic fertilizers, which is the main factor in the production of organic farming products in Russia. The state of the organic products market, prospects for its development in Russia and the main components of organic farming are described. The definition of organic fertilizers is given and their types are listed. The development of the organic fertilizers market, changes in the application of organic fertilizers and the provision of agricultural organizations with basic equipment for the application of organic fertilizers in the whole country in recent years are considered.
The article deals with the urgent problem of resuming the production of Antarctic krill in Russia. The presented retrospective analysis of the achievements of Antarctic krill production in the Soviet period, the analysis of the state of Antarctic krill production by the countries participating in the modern international fishery make it possible to predict the volume of production of Antarctic krill and targets for the development of this direction for the period up to 2030. The most important conditions for the development of domestic fisheries based on the optimal use of krill resources are substantiated, including the need to use the positive experience of developing the industry of the Soviet era and the leading countries participating in modern international fishing, both in the scientific and technical field and in the organization of production; pursuing a protectionist state policy, developing state support measures, including tools to support and stimulate Russian companies, scientific and expeditionary research and development (conducted by VNIRO together with the Federal Agency for Fishery) for the extraction and processing of krill. As urgent tasks in the field of fishing and krill production, among other things, the following are highlighted: attracting investments, the need to re-equip the fishing fleet, the introduction of modern resource-saving technologies, continuous fishing technologies, the training of modern highly qualified personnel capable of working effectively with innovative digital technologies.
The article analyzes the current general state of the food and processing industry of the Russian Federation as an integral part of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC). A detailed description of the current structure of food production is given; an analysis of the dynamics of the main production and financial indicators of the food and processing industry is carried out. At the same time, in order to assess the achievements of the development of the industry, we compared the actual levels of the studied indicators with the forecast levels set as targets in government strategic planning documents for the development of agricultural industries. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the existing potential of the Russian food and processing industry, which allows it to increase its performance overall, despite the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. The most problematic sectors are also highlighted – the meat and dairy industries, which have not yet managed to fit into the general trend of development of the strategically important sector of the Russian economy under consideration.
Over the past 40 years, domestic cognac production has repeatedly undergone serious tests. At first, it was an anti-alcohol campaign from 1985-1987, when cognac production decreased by 30% in one year. Then, after a short period of recovery and growth, the economic crisis of the 1990s came, as a result of which the cognac industry was practically destroyed by 1995. Production amounted to only about 12,5% of the 1989 maximum. Since 1998, the revival of the domestic cognac industry begins. The author's goal was to statistically analyze the long-term trends in the development of the cognac industry in Russia, which was achieved using statistical tools. Information sources such as the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were used to compile the data set of the study. The main results of the study are the following: Viticulture, and therefore winemaking, was greatly affected by the state's struggle with alcohol consumption in the late 1980s, as a result of which the industry was «thrown back» in development and in the 1990-s began a new stage of development; the production of heavy alcohol and primarily vodka over the past 30 years has significantly decreased, while there is a rapid increase in beer production, cognac production over the period 1990-2020. increased by 38%; the leading position in the production of cognac in 2020 is occupied by the Stavropol Territory, in the bottling of the Moscow Region, but in the past 10 years, Perm and Kaliningrad manufacturers have taken a significant share of the domestic market; the largest market share is occupied by such companies as CJSC Stavropol VKZ – 16,8% of the market, JSC Bastion – 13,1%, LLC Vinno-Cognac Plant ALYaNS-1892 – 11,9%, unfortunately, high-quality cognac from JSC Derbent Cognac Plant is practically not represented on the Russian market; along with the increase in the production of domestic cognac at the interval of 2015-2020, there is an increase in its imports, which indicates the demand for this drink in the domestic market. The results of the study can be used in scientific and practical activities when considering the long-term dynamics of cognac production and consumption in Russia.