The article discusses the possibilities of forming an economic mechanism for the systemic integration of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises in the region. The regional agro-industrial complex is presented as a sphere of systemic action of integration processes. Two methodological approaches are used to define the concept of «economic mechanism of system integration»: the mechanism as an instrument of influence and the process of managing an object, and the mechanism as a tool for the interaction of subjects. The systematization of the definitions and structure of economic mechanisms in the industry makes it possible to single out the mechanisms of management and interaction and mechanisms-patterns. The concept of a system, in accordance with the objectives of the study, is defined as a set of elements that are in relationships or connections with each other, forming integrity or organic unity. The combination and combination of these elements, from the position of defining the concept of "mechanisms of system integration" as a certain sequence of interrelated economic phenomena of an objective nature, is presented in the form of a diagram. Defined: structuring mechanisms, functional mechanisms, mechanisms of adaptation and sustainability (economic relations). The internal mechanisms of the system are complemented by the mechanisms of its interaction with the external environment. A feature of the presented structure of the management mechanism is the specific role of the center-integrator, which determines the rules for the "work" of the economic mechanism, but at the same time, a weak feedback of the subjects and the integrator. The study of the mechanism of system integration in the regional aspect led to the conclusion that it consists of two dialectically interacting parts: state-regional and initiative-market mechanisms for regulating this process.
In modern economic and political conditions, the most important aspect for study is the search for the most effective solutions to improve the efficiency of functioning of the sectors of the agro-industrial complex that are strategically important for ensuring the economic independence of the state. Undoubtedly, the most important place in this issue is occupied by the grain product subcomplex, which determines the degree of food independence of the country's regions. One of the currently relevant tools for increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production is system integration. The paper considers an example of a successful integration association in the grain product subcomplex of the Saratov region - these are partially interacting on integration principles in the full cycle of production and marketing «grain - flour - bakery products»: CJSC «Zolotoy Vek» (agricultural commodity producer), CJSC «Balakovokhleb» (processor - bakery) of the Balakovo region and trade organizations of the Saratov region. Calculations showed that the mutually beneficial alliance, well-established organizational and production relations of these enterprises led to high results of their activities. In the course of research, we have developed a mechanism for an organizational subsystem for the integration of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises in the region, which is based on an approach to building matrix management structures that are flexible and able to function effectively in multitasking mode. The achievement of a synergistic effect occurs due to the optimization of organizational and managerial relations and financial flows at the level of production units, which become the determinant elements of the system with a clearly regulated mechanism for regulating the reproduction process. The study of the experience of integration formations allowed us to determine the procedure for building organizational and managerial relations in similar formations of the grain product subcomplex at the general integration and internal levels of management, taking into account the specifics of the organizational and production structure and the composition of management entities.
The article emphasizes the importance and role of the food and processing industry in ensuring the food security of the country. In the course of the study, the authors analyzed the main indicators of the current state of the food and processing industry in Russia; trends and prospects for the development of the industry were identified; the main groups of exported and imported goods of the food industry were determined; substantiated investment attractiveness of the industry. With the help of the method of strategic management (SWOT-analysis), the factors influencing the economic state of the industry were identified, as well as the prospects and risks of its development. It has been established that food production is profitable, but the level of profitability remains low and amounts to 8.0%. In addition, the index of food production over a five-year period has a downward trend. Due to the tense political and economic situation in the world and around the Russian economy, one of the tasks for the food and processing industry should be to increase the volume of finished products, which requires additional investment in the industry and the improvement of state support measures.
The production of organic agriculture products remains one of the important areas of agricultural policy that the world community needs to solve, because, despite the development of innovative technologies, socio-economic transformations and structural changes in the agro-industrial complex that contribute to the growth of agricultural production, raw materials and food, do not always improve their quality. According to the UN, the increase in income and the growth of the welfare of the population will stimulate the demand for organic food. The importance of organic food production is substantiated, since the consumption of environmentally friendly products for a person is the basis of his life and helps the body recover after exposure to poor-quality food and the environment, as well as ensuring the country's food security. The demand for organic products among the population in many countries of the world is increasing every year. Today, about 187 countries are engaged in organic agriculture.
Modern agricultural sector in China is developing under sharp environmental contrasts. China is striving for green growth of the national economy and has already achieved notable success in this regard. This is true for the production and consumption of organic food, the use of the renewables, and the development of circular economy particularly. At the same time, a number of key environmental issues, including the agricultural sector, have not yet been solved. By the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) China in 2020 was ranked 120 in the world, behind almost all the world's leading economies. The Chinese agricultural sector can be considered as a significant reserve for the implementation of green growth concept. The evidence for this is the multilevel system the Chinese Ecological Agriculture (CEA), which has been operating for more than 30 years, including the production of safe food, green food and organic food. The article presents criteria distinguishing these environmentally driven areas. The analysis of the production and sale of green food, being defined as innovation area both in China and globally has been emphasized mostly. The key indicators of the Chinese green food market are analyzed, including the dynamics of the cultivated land area, domestic market size, and export volumes. Special emphasis has been placed to the government control over green food in the aspects of management competencies, standardization and certification. Issues of the Chinese green food market development are identified generally.
This article is devoted to the sectoral features of the development of the global corn market, as well as its processed products. The analysis of the dynamics of global production and consumption of corn grain and green mass, which is implemented to a greater extent on biofuels and feed, is carried out. The structure of gross grain production in the context of countries has been studied, which has shown that over the past decades the leaders have been the United States, China and Brazil. In addition, China is the main consumer of corn products and occupies one of the leading positions in grain imports. Corn processing products, in particular corn flour and bran, are an important element of the world food market, and their turnover has increased significantly over the past three years. An analysis of the dynamics of pricing in the global corn market has shown that Russia has a significant competitive advantage compared to the countries of the European Union (EU). Organic corn grain production is a promising direction for the development of the sub-sector both in the world and in Russia.
The article analyzes modern ways of assessing the implementation of the results of innovative activity in the economy, including the agricultural sector, of Russia and foreign countries. In modern conditions characterized by the volatility of the global financial and agri-food markets, the redistribution of innovation flows in the direction of the growth of innovations in pharmaceuticals, medicine, biotechnology, as well as enterprises producing software and information and communication technologies has been revealed. However, the increasing demand for agri-food products dictates the need for a highly efficient innovative agro-industrial complex. The paper examines the indicators of innovative development of the agricultural sector and the economy as a whole, developed by international and Russian organizations, as a result of which the leading countries for the introduction of innovations in the agricultural sector were identified, the factors preventing the introduction of innovations in agriculture are given.
The article considers examples of organized public-private partnerships (PPP) in the field of plant breeding in economically developed countries. The variety of organizational forms of cooperation of their participants, goals and levels of resources involved is shown. The importance of PPP as a mechanism for supporting strategic directions of innovative development of the agricultural sector, in particular in plant breeding, was noted. The problems of creating PPPs and the conditions for their creation in Russia are considered.
The article was prepared on the basis of a report made at the annual meeting of the Departments of Agricultural Sciences RAS on April 5, 2022. It gives a brief assessment of the development of the agrarian sphere of the economy and its main industry - agriculture, and indicates the old systemic problems that hinder their functioning. These include, in particular: chronic investment insufficiency and relatively low rates of technical and technological renewal and modernization of the agro-industrial complex; the imperfection of the existing price relations and the continuing structural deformation in the development of the agrarian sphere of the economy; traditionally relatively low level of socio-economic development of the village. It was to solve many these systemic problems that scientific research was directed in the field of economics, land relations and the social development of the village. In addition, proposals are given were made to mitigate sanctions against our country regarding the development of the agrarian sphere of the economy. In this regard, it is noted that it is necessary to change and timely adapt the problems of scientific research of organizations, primarily in the short term. The subject of their scientific research should undergo appropriate changes, to a greater extent meeting the needs of the development of the agrarian sphere of the economy and rural territories of the country.
The article provides an analysis of the draft Federal Law "On the general principles of organizing local self-government in a unified system of public authority", which in January 2022 was adopted by the State Duma in the first reading. It has been established that the draft law involves the liquidation of the institution of local self-government in the country, since if it is adopted, the government system in the country will be formed "from top to bottom", and the population will not be able to participate in resolving issues of local importance. Based on world experience, it is concluded that the resulting further centralization of public administration will not contribute to the successful solution of three strategic tasks of public administration: attracting the most prepared and responsible citizens to public authorities; development of the potential of the nation; effective use of the potential of the nation. As a result, the processes of monopolization of the economy and corruption will intensify even more, it will not be possible to overcome the crisis phenomena and ensure the socio-economic development of the territories.