The article presents some particularly acute regional problems and contradictions of agricultural land use and land ownership. The author not only identified them, but also made an attempt to propose their solution. The presented scientific material will provide answers to a number of important questions in the field of agricultural land use and land ownership.
The relevance, novelty and socio-economic significance of peasant (farmer) farms as a resource base for the work of consumer cooperation in the regional economy plays an important role in the food supply system under sanctions and embargoes. The value of cooperative forms in the long-term development of rural areas is justified by the enormous state significance of the effective use of the natural and economic potential of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The production and social mission of peasant (farmer) farms is revealed, their role in strengthening the socio-economic infrastructure of rural areas, in the formation of food resources of regions is revealed, the need for state support of cooperation in the development of small agricultural business, the role of rural farmsteads in the preservation of the environment and landscape in rural areas of regions, the development of agricultural industries is argued. crop production and animal husbandry, increasing the production of agricultural products in peasant (farm) farms, the role and importance of cooperation in rural areas is summarized in improving the efficiency of small forms of management, more rational use of agricultural land, arable land, increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers of agricultural products.
An assessment of the poverty level of the rural population of the Saratov region was carried out on the basis of both foreign and domestic scientific approaches. The poverty index was calculated based on the methodology proposed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). To determine the social status and standard of living of residents of rural areas of the Saratov region, a questionnaire was developed and an anonymous survey of respondents was conducted. The survey involved 100 people with different social status and age. The study revealed that over the entire study period, the proportion of the poor in the Volga Federal District was higher than in Russia as a whole (by about 1.5–2%). In the Saratov region, the poverty index exceeded the national indicator by 2–3 times over the study period from 2013 to 2019, which is primarily due to a higher proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence level (the regional indicator is 15.5%, the indicator in the country - 12.3% in 2019). In the region, this indicator showed a slight downward trend - from 0.332 to 0.304, while the poverty index in the Russian Federation decreased from 0.167 to 0.117. According to the processing of the questionnaires, it can be concluded that the average salary of the respondents ranges from 15,865–22,865 rubles, which is much lower than the official average regional value of 33,544.50 rubles. Of all respondents, only 18% noted the possibility of obtaining additional income. A general conclusion is drawn that the gap in the standard of living of the rural and urban population entails an outflow of residents of rural areas to cities, as well as high social tension.
The article presents an analysis of the production indicators of open-ground vegetable and potato production over the past 6 years in Russia as a whole, the Far Eastern Federal District, the main regions producing these crops in the Far Eastern Federal District. The latter include the Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Trans–Baikal, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. The author considers the directions and size of state support for these industries and justifies the expediency of their improvement.
The market of sugary products occupies a significant niche of the Russian food market, the pace of its development is determined by the scale of raw materials, the ability of businesses to attract capital for innovative projects to diversify the economy and expand the range of products, the presence of markets for finished products. Providing the food market with sugary substances can be solved in various ways, depending on the natural and climatic factors available in each particular country, which allow growing certain agricultural crops from which natural sugary products can be produced. Today, the dominant position in the market of sugary substances is occupied by sugar produced from sugar beet and raw sugar, which is produced during the processing of sugar cane. The growth of the market of sugary starch products is due to a wider range of its technological and consumer properties compared to sugar. Sugary starch products can be produced with specified functional properties that meet the requirements of various consumers, both industrial and household.
The financial situation characterizes the independence of the business entity from sources of external financing. The key indicator for assessing the financial position of an economic entity is its own working capital, which is the difference between the company's own capital and non-current assets. There are two methods of assessing the financial position of enterprises: financial coefficients and currency indicators. An assessment of the financial stability of a sample of solar oil producers in Russia, grouped by size criterion, showed that large business entities and microenterprises have a stable financial position, while medium and small enterprises are in a precarious financial position. The most significant impact on the financial stability of sunflower oil producers in Russia is such indicators of the market of these products as the retail and export price of oil, the price of raw materials, the share of consumption of sunflower oil in the total volume of its production.
The article examines the current state of the sunflower oil market in Russia and also attempts to identify and measure the relationship between the financial position of producers of this type of product with aggregated macroeconomic indicators that characterize the development of the market. Quantitative measurement of the relationship between intra-economic and macroeconomic indicators makes it possible to predict crisis phenomena and timely develop measures to prevent their negative impact on the activities of individual business entities. The sunflower oil market in Russia is developing dynamically and progressively – over the period from 2005 to 2020, the physical volume of production increases significantly, the value of exports of this commodity item increases even more significantly. The domestic demand for sunflower oil is provided by its own production, as evidenced by the steady decline in the dynamics of imports. As an indicator reflecting the stability of the financial position of sunflower oil producing enterprises, the autonomy coefficient calculated on average for their entire totality is considered. The dynamics of the relative indicator under consideration is most influenced by the following aggregated macroeconomic indicators: domestic retail price, export price, price of raw materials, the share of domestic consumption in the volume of production. The internal retail price, as well as the share of domestic consumption in the volume of production, determine the positive dynamics of the autonomy coefficient. The export price, as well as the cost of raw materials, affect the indicator of financial stability downward. The main macroeconomic factors that have determined the financial situation of sunflower oil producers in Russia are the restrictions caused by the physiological need of a person, as well as the stability of the export price for this commodity product.
In early 2022, the Russian economy faced widespread political pressure from Western states. The result was a significant reduction in foreign trade operations, the complication of trade and production chains. In a particularly difficult situation were industries and areas that are export-oriented or dependent on imports of equipment and components. The domestic agro-industrial complex turned out to be no exception, depending both on the supply of imports of a number of types of equipment, seeds, chemicals, and in many respects aimed at the export of finished products (cereals, sunflower, vegetable oils). This article assesses the degree of impact of sanctions on the Russian food industry and agriculture. It also suggests ways to solve the problems caused by the anti-Russian sanctions policy. In the article, such methods of scientific knowledge as analysis, synthesis, tabular and graphical methods have been used. From the main results of the study, one can note the assessment of the import component at the main stages of the agro-industrial complex, as well as an assessment of the possible impact of a reduction in agricultural exports on commodity producers.
The agro-industrial complex of Russia is a strategically important industry, therefore, a new stage of technological development, which has affected all sectors, is directly related to the agricultural sector of the economy. Today, the task of transforming agriculture into a high-tech competitive element of the food system is acute. Such a statement of the task increases the need to intensify the introduction of innovations in all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Thus, the development of scientific potential and the introduction of innovative solutions becomes critical for the further development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russia.
The work is devoted to the problems of building a management system for the rational placement of agricultural industries in Russia under the sanctions of unfriendly countries. The paper presents criteria-indicative indicators in the formation of a management system for the placement of agricultural production, deepening regional specialization, as well as optimizing concentration in agricultural industries. An assessment of the levels of food self-sufficiency for individual sub-sectors of agricultural production in Russia is given, as well as a matrix of the state of agricultural sub-sectors according to the proposed criteria-indicative indicators. In addition, the project grouping of the "List of geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation" is presented according to additional features.