The scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of poultry meat and egg production in Russia, which will help identify the main trends and problems faced by the sub-sector. An important aspect of the study will be the study of factors influencing the development of poultry farming, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In particular, the impact of external economic factors, such as fluctuations in prices for energy, machinery, equipment and feed, changes in international trade and sanctions, on the dynamics of poultry production will be considered. One of the key topics of the work will be the study of selection technologies in poultry farming, which play an important role in increasing the productivity and sustainability of poultry farms. The introduction of new innovative technologies and selection programs can significantly increase production efficiency, which, in turn, will have a positive impact on the volume of poultry products. Forecast scenarios developed on the basis of available data will help assess possible development paths for the sub-sector and determine what changes may occur in production processes by 2030.
In the May Decree "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036", Russian President V.V. Putin put forward the preservation of the country's population, strengthening its health, increasing well-being, and family support as the main goal. The emphasis is on realizing the potential of each person, developing their talents, and nurturing a patriotic and socially responsible personality. This requires the creation of a comfortable and safe living environment, the achievement of environmental well-being, the development of a sustainable and dynamic, high-tech breakthrough economy, digital transformation of all spheres of public and municipal administration, and modern social infrastructure [1]. In turn, the creation of a comfortable and safe living environment in rural areas is impossible without achieving their ecological well-being. Adopting a course for the spatial development of the country and achieving the declared national goals should become a powerful incentive for the development of all territories of our large state, both urban and rural. The article considers the main environmental risks of rural development in the Russian Federation. The negative impact of crop and animal husbandry on the ecology of rural areas is considered. The environmental risks associated with the concentration of agricultural production in rural areas are outlined. The regulatory framework of environmental legislation is considered. Ways to further reduce environmental risks in rural areas have been identified.
The paper presents an analysis of support systems for agricultural producers in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, which have shown the best results in terms of gross agricultural production in dynamics. Such regions included in the sample include: Altai Territory, Kemerovo Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk Region, Omsk Region, Irkutsk region. The study was conducted only for regional programs, and only in terms of self-financing of subjects. Based on the analysis, the strengths of each region were identified, which were taken into account when building an effective conceptual model of regional support for agricultural organizations. The hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that all existing successful practices in subjects with similar climatic and economic-geographical conditions can serve as the basis for building a conceptual model of regional support. An optimal support system should consist of two levels. The first one presents fundamental measures reflecting the directions and targets of the entire system of assistance to agricultural organizations (for example, support for startups, small businesses in agriculture, and the like). The authors propose to complement such support measures in the regions with a direction aimed at automation and robotization of agricultural production. At the second level, it is proposed to place specific methods of state assistance aimed at certain types of activities in the agro-industrial complex. The necessity of building a regional support system characterized by modular content and mobility is substantiated. The paper shows that for this it is necessary to have organizational and legal support for a full package of necessary assistance measures, a set of applications for the implementation of which will be opened as necessary for the region. The proposed events will be of interest to representatives of state executive authorities of the subjects of the Russia, and anyone who studies the development of the agricultural sector in the regional context.
Modern agriculture is developing in line with automation and informatization, which allows reducing the need for human resources, performing routine actions around the clock, and monitoring agricultural land. The market for digital solutions for agriculture is actively developing, which allows uniting large businesses, startups, potential customers, and research organizations. Nevertheless, there is a need to analyze the features of the digital transformation of agriculture in the Russia, which is only on the way to forming a network of sustainable relations between various elements of the chain of digital transformation of agriculture, as well as to identify key aspects of the approach of other states to the digitalization of agriculture that could be used in Russia in this context. The purpose of the study in this article is to analyze the current state of digitalization of agriculture in the Russian Federation, classify the key trends of this process, characterize the best foreign practices of digital transformation of agriculture for their further adaptation in Russia. In preparing the study, the key provisions of state programs, statistical data, as well as data on the experience of foreign countries were analyzed. Trend watching methods and tools were used, which allow systematizing and classifying trends in the digitalization of agriculture in the Russia.
This paper discusses the results of an analysis of the development of the vegetable industry and the national vegetable market, and substantiates the importance of vegetable products necessary to maintain a balanced nutritional structure and public health. Trends in the dynamics of sown areas, yields and gross harvests of open and closed ground vegetables have been identified, shaping their supply for industrial and end consumers. An assessment of the factors influencing market prices and demand for the main types of vegetables was carried out, on the basis of which the problems and prospects for the development of the vegetable growing industry are described, including the influence of seasonal fluctuations and external economic factors on the production and consumption of vegetables.
The socio-economic transformations taking place in society, associated with the transition to the information (post-industrial) society, actualize a number of issues related to human capital in all spheres of activity, especially acute issues of human capital are felt in rural areas. Despite all the changes in the institutional environment, technologies and generations of techniques, it is human capital – a set of knowledge, skills and abilities used for the processes of production of goods – that becomes the key resource. This is especially true for the agrarian sphere, which, firstly, is basic for meeting human needs, and secondly, as one of the ways of integrated development of territories. The development and multiplication of human capital is a form of development not only for organizations, but also has significance for regional development. Currently, in agriculture there is a significant outflow of population, which causes difficulties in the formation of quality human capital. This trend directly affects the integrated development of rural areas. In the article the authors identified trends and dependencies of negative dynamics of the number of inhabitants of rural territories, as well as developed recommendations for the preservation and development of such territories with the help of human capital development.
The article analyzes historical and modern approaches to defining the essence of small farms (SF) in the Russian Federation, identifies key problems of theoretical understanding of this category of farms, and provides a comparison with foreign approaches to its definition. Improving theoretical approaches to the analysis of small farms is necessary not only for conducting a consistent study of this phenomenon and its inherent problems, but also for developing consistent and reflecting all aspects of SF regulatory legal acts, state support programs and other documents that are necessary for building relationships and stimulating the development of small farms in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to develop a definition of small farms that meets the modern features and needs of SF, as well as to assess the features of the life cycle of SF, which is important for assessing the investment attractiveness of SF and the development of relevant institutions. In preparing the study, comparative analysis methods and a normative approach were used. Within the framework of the study, the author's definition of a small farm was developed and substantiated taking into account the experience of studying this concept. In the analysis of the life cycle, the phases of maximum attractiveness of SF for potential investors were established.
Modern agriculture is experiencing an era of digitalization, which radically transforms traditional farming methods into completely new technological processes, opening up new opportunities to increase productivity, optimize resources and ensure sustainable development of domestic agriculture. Digital transformation is based on end-to-end digital technologies, which can be divided into several key groups. The article discusses the main digital technologies used in agricultural production, provides specific digital solutions used in agricultural production. A matrix of digital technologies for agricultural sectors is presented, the necessary conditions for the introduction of digital technologies in the process of agricultural production are considered and the factors influencing the process of their introduction in agricultural production are highlighted, as well as indicators through which the influence of factors on the process of digital transformation of agriculture is assessed. The success of digital transformation depends on the coordinated work of all stakeholders: the state, agricultural enterprises, scientific and educational institutions, IT enterprises. Only joint efforts can ensure the successful implementation of this process and open new horizons for the successful development of agricultural production in Russia.
The article considers the issues of regulatory and legal support for the quality and safety of food, as one of the main factors in ensuring food security of the Union State. The analysis of legislative acts of Russia and the Republic of Belarus, the Eurasian Union in this area is carried out in order to identify the main areas of convergence and harmonization of legislation based on international requirements. It is noted that Russia and the Republic of Belarus have a developed legislative base in the field of ensuring the quality and safety of food, but these laws do not fully solve all the legal problems associated with the regulation of relations in the multi-link chain "production - consumption of food products" and the protection of consumer rights, ensuring control over the circulation of products on the food market. The main legislative acts of the Union State aimed at harmonizing legislation on food quality and safety within the framework of the formation of a unified agricultural policy of the Union State are considered. The development of unified approaches in agricultural policy on food quality and safety will contribute to ensuring food security of the Union State, developing trade relations between the countries, will create a single brand of food quality of the Union State and strengthening its position in international food trade.
The presented article is devoted to the analysis of prices as one of the key instruments of economic regulation, as well as price ratios in the agro-industrial complex, which are the basis for the balanced development of the agricultural sector of the economy. It is noted that despite the fact that the price situation in the agri-food market has traditionally been the focus of attention of both government authorities and the scientific community, it has not been possible to develop effective mechanisms that would contribute to its stabilization with price volatility for certain types of products. The trend of the growing price gap between various sectors of the agro-industrial complex and the consumer market is shown by the example of price dynamics for cattle meat, poultry, wheat and sunflower seeds. The author emphasizes that the acceleration of price growth occurs at every stage of the value chain. As a result, the share of agricultural producers in the structure of retail prices is significantly reduced. The article reveals the significant differentiation of the country's subjects in terms of price ratios, the author carried out a grouping that made it possible to identify regions with favorable and unfavorable price ratios for agricultural producers. The author notes that, acting under budgetary constraints, the state needs to be more actively involved in regulating prices and price relations in the agro-industrial complex. The article proposes organizational and economic measures aimed at ensuring the stabilization of the price situation in the agri-food market, including the development of regulatory legal acts that will allow building the unified approach and principles for the formation of a price system in the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the interests of all participants in the agri-food market.