The article describes problems of strategic directions for the spatial development of the location and specialization of certain branches of agriculture, gives an objective assessment of its state with the identification of the main shortcomings in the formation of a strategic management system associated with changes in institutional, economic, social and industrial relations, and also formulates trends and development prospects macro-regional level of economic relations. The possibilities of effective formation of the process of strategic management in the field of location and specialization of agricultural sectors are determined, taking into account the presented two groups of complex elements of interaction related to material and human potential. The fundamental principles of choosing the main strategic directions are substantiated, which consist in more efficient use of existing opportunities, as a result of which the integration process into a single complex will be carried out and these problems will be solved due to coherence. In the current situation, program-target management should become one of the main tools for adapting Russian agriculture and its industries to existing conditions. An implementation mechanism with three subsystems has been formulated, which will have a certain sequence in the vertical or programmatic planning method.
The article discusses the measures, tools and mechanisms of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus, which can find their application in the conditions of the development of the agrarian economy of Russia, especially in the realities of sanctions pressure. Special attention is paid to state regulation and state support as elements of the formation of investment capital and its distribution in agro-industrial production. In addition, the institutional foundations of public-private partnership as a tool for the formation and development of long-term capital of the agricultural environment within a single system with state support are given.
The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies in stimulating economic development, in particular agriculture. Based on the digitalization indicator, the impact of digital technologies on the economic performance of Chinese agriculture, as well as factors hindering the widespread adoption of digital technologies, is examined.
This study is devoted to the export of agricultural products, raw materials and food in modern conditions. The authors consider the structure of exports by the main counterparty countries and by types of agricultural products. It has been revealed that in the near future Russia will be able to steadily increase the export flows of grain products, both through traditional channels and to develop new sales markets that have undergone transformation due to the global food crisis caused primarily by natural, climatic and political factors. According to the authors, Russia is more able to compensate for the decline in grain exports from Ukraine, since Russia has a similar range of importing counterparties with which sales channels and communication links have been established.
This article discusses the key issues of innovative development of the Brazilian agricultural sector, organizational and economic measures to stimulate innovative developments, the volume and sources of R&D financing, as well as the experience of introducing innovative technologies and digitalization in agriculture. The article reveals the main aspects of the process of modernization of agriculture in Brazil, presents the vector of agricultural growth based on digitalization, and discusses individual technologies that have played an important role in the transformation of the sector over the past four decades. Various innovative and digital technologies that allow Brazil to move to high-tech innovative agriculture are considered.
Organic production, or an environmentally friendly form of agriculture, is increasingly developing in the world. Canada is one of the leading countries in the global organic market. The history of its organic agriculture reflects international trends: the formation of organic concepts and methods, their popularization, recognition and development of organic production as a holistic effective system aimed at optimizing productivity and the inclusion of various communities and organisms in the agroecosystem. Thanks to sound government policies, the Canadian organic sector is developing productively and is sustainable in the long term. Nevertheless, it is planned to expand it further both due to a significant increase in domestic production capacities and due to imported products. Unlike Canada, domestic organic agriculture is in the process of formation. Therefore, the Canadian experience can be taken into account when developing a policy for the development of the domestic organic market.
Agricultural and food systems vary greatly between countries, reflecting the level of development of each country, as well as the role played by the agricultural sector in economic development. In modern conditions, one of the key factors in the development of the agro-industrial complex is innovation. Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy is impossible without the implementation of investment and innovation activities. The article considers the experience of Germany in supporting innovation in the agricultural sector. The study analyzed the strategic documents and framework programs in the field of innovation policy in Germany.
Abroad, the contract system is widely used in agriculture. Its basis is farming. Russia went the other way. In the country, the main agricultural producers are agricultural holdings. In this regard, the article gives a critical assessment of the current situation in the agro-industrial complex and proposes measures to develop the contract system in the country's agriculture.
The article considers a two-stage economic and mathematical model that simulates the dynamic processes of structural transformation of the regional agri-food system in the direction of reducing the carbon footprint of crop production. It is assumed that the behavior of an economic entity is to maximize profits associated with a reduction in carbon emissions. In this case, the final choice of the “profit – carbon emission” option lies with the manufacturer itself. At the first stage, in dynamics, the best combination of the areas of the main categories of agricultural land, which are in the land use of the commodity producer, is found in the ecological and economic sense. At the second stage, the optimal structure of sown areas on arable land is determined.
The development of the horticultural sub-complex has an impact on the formation of food security both in the regions and the country as a whole. At present, the demand for horticultural products in Russia is met by imports of vegetables by 12.3%, of fruits and berries by 59.8%. Despite certain positive developments, the problems of reducing the area under vegetables and perennial plantings, reducing the number of canned fruits and vegetables produced, and concentrating production in households remain unresolved. All this actualizes the need to develop measures to improve the efficiency of the horticultural subcomplex. At the present stage, the main factors hindering the development of the horticultural sub-complex are the lack of equipped premises for storing products, as well as stable channels for its sale. To solve the existing problems, an innovative approach to the development of the fruit subcomplex is needed, namely, improving the infrastructure (creating a system of wholesale distribution centers, implementing on-farm processing of products) and rationalizing relations between the subjects of the agro-food market. One of the relevant tools for increasing the economic efficiency of horticultural production is agro-industrial integration. The advantage of vertical agro-industrial integration is the possibility of using a synergistic effect in the organization of agricultural production, which gives the producer a certain degree of economic freedom, expressed in the maneuvering of transaction costs. The experience of cooperation between producers of fruits and vegetables in the Saratov region with the Pokrovsky Vegetables sales center indicates that the integration of the manufacturer with marketing organizations allows you to competently plan the promotion of goods, control deliveries and set the level of product quality for the supplier-manufacturer.