The alcohol market is an integral segment of the Russian economic space. At the same time, the relationship between social and economic aspects of the functioning of the alcohol market comes to the fore. The state, on the one hand, is trying to reduce the consumption of alcoholic products by the population to improve its physical health, and, on the other hand, to provide additional revenue to the budget by increasing taxes and fees. At the same time, manufacturers of alcoholic products seek to maximize their profits and increase the profitability of their activities. At the same time, it is important to ensure a certain balance of conditions for interaction in the alcohol market for the state, producers and consumers. The Belgorod region, as one of the most economically developed regions of the Central Chernozem Region, is a participant in the alcohol market. The production of alcoholic products in the region tends to decrease, as well as consumption. Nevertheless, the business activity of enterprises producing alcoholic beverages affects the socio-economic situation of the region and requires an assessment to determine the development trends of this segment in the region.
The modern agro-food sector of Russia is undergoing sectoral and structural and technological changes. For the development of this sector of the economy, which directly affects the level of food security in Russia, it is necessary to eliminate the existing imbalance in the system of regulatory and legal regulation of the country's agrarian policy. The analysis of normative legal acts regulating the agrarian policy of Russia has allowed us to substantiate the necessary directions for the development of the agricultural sector, which should contribute to the increase in the efficiency of the use of available resources and state funds allocated to support agro-industrial production. At the same time, regulatory legal acts regulating the directions of development of the agri-food sector should be based on the relationship of goals, objectives, resource provision and performance evaluation indicators. Regulatory continuity and consistency should be traced, starting from the Law "On the Development of Agriculture", consistently to other regulatory legal acts regulating its development. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to revise the content of the Russian Food Security Doctrine and the Development Strategy of the agro-industrial and fish-farming complexes of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. and other regulatory documents regulating the implementation of the agar policy of Russia, taking into account the variability and step-by-step approach to setting strategic goals and objectives. This approach will allow us to evaluate possible options for the development of the industry, taking into account changes in the geopolitical and economic situation.
Complex socio-ecological-economic systems, such as regional agri-food systems, are multidimensional and unpredictable, especially in the long term. To overcome these difficulties, in the world forecasting practice, a scenario approach is used in combination with mathematical modeling methods to assess probable development options. Models of agri-food systems are needed for effective management of agricultural production, which is in a difficult situation of the need to adapt to global climate change and low-carbon transformation of the entire system of food production and consumption.
The article is devoted to the assessment of the state of the material subsystem of the infrastructure of the organic products market in Russia. It examines the current state of all the components of this subsystem: organizations engaged in the production and processing of organic products; trade organizations engaged in the sale of certified organic products; logistics system to ensure the delivery of products from producers to direct consumers. The directions of improvement of the production and market subsystems of the infrastructure of the organic products market are determined and suggestions are given for solving this problem at the level of the components that make up these subsystems.
he past three years have been difficult for the Russian economy, due to the pandemic, the fall in world energy prices, the imposition of sanctions by Western countries and the United States. However, despite the difficulties, Russia managed to contain the growth of unemployment, bankruptcy of small and medium-sized enterprises, ensure food security, and maintain social stability in the country. Russia will be able to restore the pre-crisis level of production within 2-3 years, for this it is necessary for the state and business to find a balance of interaction and begin structural transformations in the economy, create conditions for leveling the economic development of the country's regions, social solidarity of social development.
The article deals with the problems of the development of vegetable growing in the protected soil of Russia, the production of highly productive hybrids and the introduction of modern technologies for growing vegetable crops, which contribute to increasing their yield. Its technical and technological modernization is crucial for the creation of sustainable development of vegetable growing in Russia. The author analyzes the development of the industry over a number of years and reveals the reserves for the growth of vegetable production. Intensive development of greenhouse vegetable growing requires state support measures, primarily preferential investment lending. Currently, many vegetable-growing enterprises have received support within the framework of priority directions of agricultural development.
The article analyzes the effectiveness of agricultural adaptations to climate change adopted in international agreements and innovations in water use. It is necessary to apply a systematic approach, take into account the long-term in time, diversity in impact areas, as well as give an adequate assessment of the relevant risks, develop and apply measures to manage these risks both at the state and global levels.
The article emphasizes the important role of the poultry industry in ensuring the country's food security. The analysis of the current state of the poultry sub-sector of Russia is carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the positive and negative factors of the development of domestic poultry farming are determined. It is necessary to create a competitive cross of meat breeds of domestic production with the use of high-tech developments and complex scientific and technical projects of the full innovation cycle.
In the context of a shortage of workers, agricultural organizations use robotics in animal husbandry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of industrial injuries in robotic production in agriculture. The results of ranking the risks of industrial injuries in robotic production are given. The highest ranks were given to increased tension and sensory loads when working on a computer (conditional index 8.8 points), getting injured when interacting with animals (8.1 points), danger of getting injured as a result of a fall (7.0 points). The proposed author's grouping of the nature of the manifestation of industrial injuries in agriculture at a robotic workplace in comparison with the traditional one: increased risks; remained unchanged; reduced severity of symptoms. Specific recommendations are given and a set of measures is proposed to reduce the risks of industrial injuries in robotic production in agriculture, including the use of personal protective equipment.
Sugar beet in Russia is one of the components of the country's food security. In addition to the production of sugar from beets, its processed products are successfully used in animal husbandry, perfumery, alcohol industry, etc. As noted in the Strategy of Innovative Development of Russia until 2030, it is necessary to achieve a competitive level in all branches of the agro-industrial complex, including in the sub-sector of the sugar beet complex. As the studies have shown, the sugar beet sub–sector is developing - the yield and sugar content of tubers are increasing, the quality of the seed material becomes the determining factor in further increasing the effectiveness of sugar beet production. Until recently, the source of high-quality seeds was imports, the share of domestic seeds accounted for no more than 2 percent. After the adoption of the FNTP and, in particular, the "Subprogram for the development of breeding and seed production of sugar beet", the situation began to change gradually – domestic villages domestic breeders have bred new competitive hybrids, in some cases not inferior in their sowing qualities to imported ones. Innovative technologies have become more widely used – the cultivation of parental forms in vitro, genomic engineering and a number of others. One of the most important achievements obtained with the participation of Russian scientists is the decoding of the sugar beet genome, which will allow using the information obtained for genome-wide studies in order to search for new markers of economically valuable signs of culture; But the "promotion" of domestic hybrids to the fields of beet farms is weak for a number of reasons. In general, the tasks facing the participants of the Subprogram are being fulfilled. But those volumes of seeds, the production of which was planned, are no longer relevant in modern geopolitical conditions. They cannot fully meet the needs of beet-growing farms. Moreover, the seed-growing base destroyed in the nineties has not yet been restored. Even if there are highly productive hybrids without a developed seed system, the industry will have to use imported seeds while they can be purchased. The issues discussed in the article can be reflected in the concept of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia for the medium and long term.