The article examines some theoretical and practical aspects of pricing in the agro-industrial complex and analyzes differences in changes in the growth rates of industrial purchase prices for agricultural producers and prices of agricultural products in various regions of Russia. The article focuses on the monthly dynamics of average prices of the main types of agricultural products sold by agricultural organizations in Russia and notes their extremely variable nature in some groups, low volatility in other types. The understanding of price as an economic category by the classics of political economy and modern researchers, including agricultural economists, is considered, highlighting the condition for ensuring parity between agricultural products and goods supplied by industries for the agricultural sector of the economy. It is noted that the unjustified increase in prices for certain types of means of production for agriculture as a result of increased demand for them from agricultural producers. The question is raised about approaches to understanding disparity as an economic phenomenon in the exchange relations between agriculture and industry. The article puts forward a position on the objective nature of the emerging disparity as a reflection of the disparity in socially necessary labor costs for the production of complex high-performance and energy-intensive agricultural machinery in comparison with agricultural products. The inherent disproportion, as a result of differences in socially necessary labor costs for "complex" and "simple" goods, requires an impact not on ensuring parity, but on reducing the consequences of such objectively inherent disproportionality through the use of a wide range of government regulatory instruments – financial, economic, budgetary, tax, etc. This will expand the opportunities for strengthening the food security of the state in the context of the need to overcome the global challenges facing Russian society and the increasing geostrategic tensions in the world.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of technical and technological support for the production of dairy cattle in Russia. It provides data on self-sufficiency in dairy cattle products and the production of such products in farms of all categories over the past 5 years, as well as changes in production costs and cost of sales for these products. The issues of providing dairy cattle farming with agricultural machinery and equipment and digitalization of this sub-sector of animal husbandry, as well as measures of its state support, are considered. As a result of the analysis of the current state of technical and technological support for dairy cattle breeding, as well as existing state support for the modernization of production of such products, the main measures necessary to enhance the modernization of this sub-sector of animal husbandry have been identified.
The article, devoted to the issues of development of infrastructure of production and commodity movement of organic products, considers the conditions and infrastructure of supply of organic agriculture with material and technical resources (MTR), highlights the features of the system of providing organic agriculture with production resources. An analysis of external factors and internal factors influencing the functioning of the system of material and technical support (MTS) and the efficiency of using MTR in the agro-food system of Russia is carried out. An assessment is given of the features of the use of organic fertilizers by Russian farmers at the current stage of development and directions for increasing the efficiency of their use in the future are determined.
The article discusses modern approaches to meeting the energy needs of the agro-industrial complex using alternative energy sources. Special attention is paid to the introduction of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biogas energy, to increase the energy efficiency of agricultural production and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The main advantages and challenges associated with the transition to alternative energy sources, including environmental, economic and technical aspects, are described. The issues of integrating new energy technologies into existing infrastructure, their profitability in the long term and accessibility for agricultural enterprises of various scales are considered. Special attention is paid to the need to attract investments, international cooperation, government support and the introduction of modern digital solutions to improve the efficiency of energy systems. Practical examples of successful application of these technologies in various regions of the country and the world, including small and large farms, industrial agricultural enterprises and cooperatives, are presented. The prospects for further development of agricultural energy systems based on modern innovations, government policy and the transition to carbon-neutral production are analyzed. The positive impact of alternative energy on the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex, improvement of the environmental situation, reduction of dependence on traditional energy carriers, minimizing the carbon footprint and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and international markets is noted.
The Netherlands has one of the most intensive farming systems in the world, with high levels of production supported by significant use of agrochemicals. As one of the smaller countries in the European Union, limited availability of agricultural land has over time created conditions and incentives for increased intensity of agricultural production, making the country one of the top three agricultural exporters in the world. In addition, the Single Market has also promoted free internal trade within the European Union and motivated increased production in regions where competitive advantages exist, and the Netherlands, with its favourable soil conditions and proximity to several EU countries, has significant comparative advantages. Policymakers and researchers Netherlands have long been concerned about the environmental sustainability issues arising from agricultural intensification (groundwater pollution, ammonia emissions and their impact on soil and water acidification, negative effects of pesticide use, biodiversity and landscape issues, etc.). The country has been one of the main initiators of addressing the issue of ensuring environmental sustainability in agriculture of Netherlands.
The article considers structural changes in the water use system in the agro-food complex of the member states of the European Union (EU), namely in the field of regulatory, economic, technical and technological. These structural changes are caused by the following factors: environmental problems associated with global warming and changes in familiar climatic conditions that affect the sustainable development of agriculture; industrialization processes, especially in the newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia; rapid population growth in the world, affecting the global balance of water resources. Water resources in the world are unevenly distributed. In this regard, constant monitoring of the availability of water resources is necessary to determine a strategy for their use, both at the global and regional levels.
The research is devoted to the scientific and methodological foundations of mathematical modeling of intersectoral balances based on static, semi-dynamic and dynamic models. The authors have identified the advantages and disadvantages of various types of models when they are used in forecasting the development of industries and sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex (AIC), taking into account the specifics of production. The possibility of the integrated use of various economic and mathematical models in the calculation of intersectoral balances, taking into account the limitations on available resources, is substantiated. A mathematical apparatus is proposed for identifying reserves for increasing the production capacity of the food and processing industry, due to the presence of imbalances in the system of organizational and economic relations between market participants in agricultural products, raw materials and food. The author's assessment of the expediency and effectiveness of using economic and mathematical approaches to designing the optimal structure and specialization of agricultural industries is given.
Technological support of food security in Russia is associated with the intensification of the introduction of digital and innovative technologies in agricultural production. The aim of the study is to improve the theoretical and methodological provisions for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and to develop practical recommendations for stimulating the processes of innovative and investment development in the context of digital transformation. The theoretical and methodological basis was the concept of National Innovation Systems, systems theory, triple helix theory and the concept of joint value creation. Abstract-logical and analytical research methods were used in the study. The article analyzes and evaluates the dynamics of investment in fixed assets in the economy as a whole, in agriculture and in the food industry, studies the growth rates of added value and high-tech jobs, as well as the potential for digital transformation of the country's agriculture. Favorable rates of increasing the pace of digitalization of agriculture are empirically substantiated. In order to support and stimulate innovative investment and digital activity in agricultural production, directions for increasing the efficiency of institutional elements - science, production, agribusiness, taking into account the needs of society for targeted innovations and digital solutions are proposed. The practical implementation of the proposed approach lies in the possibility of improving the strategic directions of innovative development of agricultural production as a driver for ensuring sustainable economic growth.
The article is devoted to the problems of development of state support for agriculture in modern conditions. The authors analyze the dynamics and volumes of state support for the agricultural sector, the impact of subsidy volumes on the level of profitability by type of agricultural product. The article notes the specifics of the development of subsidies in the agricultural sector and in the context of individual types of agricultural products and regions of the Russia: the decrease in the level of influence of subsidies on the efficiency of the functioning of commodity producers, significant differentiation in the effectiveness of subsidies depending on the types of products and regions of the country. To assess the effectiveness of providing agricultural organizations with state support funds, the authors have developed a methodological approach based on an integrated assessment of the factors that determine the resource potential of the agricultural sector (volume of production and area of agricultural land per 1 ruble of provided subsidies) and the efficiency of agricultural production (balanced financial result per 1 ruble of provided subsidies and the level of profitability of sales) in the context of regions of the Russia , including the implementation of operations to maximize and standardize indicators for their uniform scaling. The authors tested the proposed methodology, which made it possible to rank the country's regions by the level of subsidy effectiveness, and also to divide the subjects of the Russia into 3 groups: with a high level of effectiveness (25 regions included), with an average level (36 regions) and with a low level (11 regions).
The article is devoted to the problems of the development of agricultural leasing with state support as the main resource for updating and incrementing the fleet of equipment, ensuring the optimization of reproductive processes in agriculture. The conducted research has shown that leasing supplies remain insufficient and do not provide simple reproduction and increment of agricultural machinery. The reasons hindering the development of leasing relations include: the withdrawal from the Russian market of leading foreign manufacturers of agricultural machinery, a decrease in the volume of production of agricultural machinery by domestic manufacturers, rising prices of agricultural machinery and equipment, low profitability of farmers, insufficient volume of state subsidies for leasing transactions, inefficiency of JSC Rosagroleasing. To increase the efficiency of leasing relations, it is necessary to: increase the volume of equipment supplies under preferential leasing, reduce the prices of leasing transactions by reducing the lessor's commission from 10% to 5%; extend state subsidies to the cost of leasing items. In conditions of insufficient agricultural machinery in the absence of opportunities for its acquisition into ownership, it is necessary to more actively develop the mechanisms of operational agricultural leasing and provide measures of state support for this type of leasing.