The article analyzes the state of production and sales of poultry products in the Russian Federation and in the regions of the Volga Federal District by categories of producers. The indicators for a long period of time are considered, which reflects the historical features of the industry development. The development and features of poultry farming in various categories of farms are widely discussed by domestic and foreign scientists due to the importance of the industry, the value of the manufactured poultry products. The results of the analysis enriched and contributed to the formation of information about the poultry industry. The production and consumption of eggs and poultry meat per capita in the Russian Federation for 1990-2023 generally increased. The increase in the share of poultry meat consumption in the total meat consumption was facilitated by the commitment to the consumption of a particular type of meat, more dietary meat, the nutritional value of the product, medical recommendations for consumption, the production cycle and the time required for the production of various types of meat by producers, the conditions for keeping various types of farm animals for meat production, the period and average level of payback for the production of meat of various types of animals, prices for meat products, recipes for dishes from meat products, etc. The distribution of poultry production by categories of farms is ambiguous; poultry production technologies vary depending on the size and categories of farms, their specialization. The analysis of the dynamics was supplemented by the analysis of the regional forms of farming in the poultry industry of the Volga Federal District. The level of production allows providing the regions of the district with poultry products as a whole, covering the deficit in some regions with a surplus in others. Recommendations are formulated on the development of a cooperation system both in production and provision of resources, and in the sale of products, the regulatory framework and the system of state support for the industry, logistics. The need to refine and detail the system of indicators characterizing the poultry industry is noted.
The main basic components that have the greatest impact on the dynamics of the development of the fishing industry in the Arctic zone include the established volumes of allowable catches and their development, the volume of production and processing of fish raw materials, the range of products, the state of the production facilities of the fishing fleet and coastal processing plants, and the availability of modern infrastructure. The volume of biological resources harvested in the Arctic seas is 280-320 tons, while the estimated reserves are estimated at about two million tons, which indicates the great potential of this region for the future development of the fishing industry. The growth of the economic efficiency of fishing in the Arctic seas can be ensured through deeper processing of the extracted raw materials and the involvement of secondary resources in the economic turnover. The type of involved capacities for the industrial processing of aquatic biological resources is of great interest from the point of view of analyzing the economics of the fishery and the The resulting imbalance in production and production capacity has a negative impact on the economy of the fishing industry in the Arkhangelsk Region. This situation is compounded by a decrease in the reserves of aquatic biological resources in this region. To eliminate the existing imbalances, business and regional authorities should find compromise solutions that would suit the interests of both parties.
The dynamics of agricultural sector development indicators in the context of modern geopolitical challenges requires the search for new opportunities and mechanisms to solve sectoral and general economic problems. The stable share of unprofitable enterprises in agriculture, the number of bankruptcies, as well as trends towards business consolidation in the industry, accompanied by the cessation of activity and a decrease in the share of medium-sized and small businesses, the ambiguity of trends in the development of peasant farms – all this requires a new look at the development strategy and problem-solving tools. One of the possible ways to transform the industry is the development of national enterprises, a unique form of management where the workforce is actively involved in the management of the enterprise, at least ninety employees are its shareholders. At the same time, national enterprises, according to the law regulating their activities, can be formed solely by converting existing commercial organizations that have worked in the market for at least a year. There is a barrier in the form of uncertainty about the owner's motive for such a transformation and the economic feasibility of such a step for him. The author of the article considers two of the possible motivational factors and transformation algorithms, as well as a possible justification for the economic feasibility of their use.
The discussion of trends in the development of housing construction in recent years has become the subject of research not so much on the state and prospects of the industry as on the development of territories and improving the quality of life of the population. One of the problems of rural areas is the intensification of destructive demographic processes. They can be reduced, among other things, by improving regional housing policy and implementing socio-economic development in the region. The article presents an analysis of agricultural production in the Amur region, modern requirements for the agricultural sector, as well as trends in rural housing construction. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. The information base of the study was made up of official statistics from Rosstat and regulatory legal acts. The theoretical basis was publications devoted to the development of rural areas in Russia and its regions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the implementation of housing construction and social infrastructure in rural areas. The study concluded that a high level of landscaping and comfortable living conditions for citizens strengthen social well-being. The article points out the heterogeneity of trends and dynamics of rural development in the Amur region, but in general there is a positive trend in rural housing construction.
The article is devoted to the analysis of technical and technological support for the production of poultry products in Russia. The article presents data on self-sufficiency in poultry production, production of poultry products in farms of all categories for the last 5 years, as well as changes in production cost and sales cost of these products. The questions of providing poultry farming with agricultural machinery and equipment and digitalization of this sub-branch of animal breeding, as well as measures of its state support are considered. As a result of the analysis of the current state of technical and technological support of poultry farming, as well as the existing state support of mechanization of poultry production, the main measures necessary to increase the mechanization of this sub-branch of animal husbandry have been identified.
The relevance of the study of the agro-industrial complex of Russia is determined by its importance for the country's food security, especially in the context of sanctions pressure and current foreign economic challenges. The problem lies in the need to increase the production efficiency of the sector while reducing dependence on imports of agricultural technologies and resources. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the agro–industrial complex of Russia, to identify key trends in its development. The methodological basis of the study includes methods of comparative analysis, economic and statistical methods that were used to assess the structure of agricultural production, the dynamics of indicators and growth factors. The results of the study showed a significant increase in production in the crop sector and moderate development of animal husbandry. An important trend is the need to develop technologies in the agro-industry to increase the efficiency of enterprises and their resistance to external factors. The key findings of the study indicate the importance of the upcoming National Project "Technological provision of food security", which starts in 2025, aimed at technological provision of food security in Russia. Its implementation will significantly increase the production efficiency and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex, ensure full independence from imported technologies and achieve food security of the country.
The basis for the balanced and proportional development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the organization of the sphere of production and processing of agricultural products. Complex mechanization, automation and digitalization of production processes in agricultural organizations is carried out taking into account the specifics of the industry: the seasonality of production, the duration of the use of technical means and mechanisms, the operability of machines during their operation in various climatic and geographical conditions, and others. Modern business conditions set tasks for an economic entity to use digital technologies, competently invest the machine and tractor fleet at the expense of its own and attracted sources, and careful use of machinery and equipment. Optimal decisions on the technical and technological equipment of an agricultural organization should be made on the basis of the developed technical policy and the results of accounting and analytical monitoring conducted in the organization's economic security system. The functioning and potential means of labor of an economic entity are divided into two groups: in accordance with the requirements of regulatory acts on accounting and tax accounting, they are classified into non-current assets and current assets; from an economic point of view, fixed assets and current assets. A systematic approach to constant monitoring of machine and tractor units and equipment makes it possible to reliably achieve the planned profitability and return on funds, prevent misuse of equipment and applied technologies and ensure the continuity of the economic entity's activities.
The article analyzes the role and possibilities of the BRICS international association in ensuring global food security. In the last decade, its member countries have demonstrated steady growth in the production and export of agri-food products. The available resources of agricultural lands, forests, fish and seafood, and freshwater sources provide opportunities for agricultural productivity in the future, which, in turn, will contribute to solving the problem of hunger and malnutrition of a significant part of the world's population. Almost all BRICS countries, with the exception of South Africa, are the world's largest producers and exporters of agri-food products. Currently, the share of the BRICS countries in the global production of certain types of food (cereals, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products) is about 30-40% of the global level, exports are at the level of 20-30%, depending on the type of product. Although the accession of new members (Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia and the UAE) has not significantly affected overall production and, especially, trade, their role in this area may increase over time, taking into account mutual cooperation and mutual support within the framework of the BRICS. Realizing the importance of ensuring food security, both at the level of individual countries and on a global scale, the agenda of a number of summits and meetings of the Ministers of agriculture of the BRICS countries was devoted to the issues of sustainable development of the agricultural sector and increasing its productivity. This becomes especially important in conditions of economic and political instability.
The purpose of this article is to study the current state, problems and potential opportunities for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use. In the article, the use of appropriate econometric and statistical methods using time series data collected for the period 2019-2023 made it possible to establish that against the background of the growth in agricultural production in the Russian Federation achieved in recent years, there is an increase in value, natural value and natural indicators of the economic efficiency of land use. The assessment of the dynamics and factor analysis of the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as the extent of the use of soil-protective agrotechnologies in agricultural organizations confirms the focus of land use on solving problems of increasing economic efficiency, but not on solving problems of maintaining sustainability. Based on the results obtained, positive trends in modern land use have been identified, determining the possibilities for its further improvement and key problems that pose threats to ensuring sustainable development. It is concluded that the formation of sustainable land use systems is possible by maximizing the use of positive trends that determine the strengths of land use and minimizing negative trends that form the risks of increasing sustainability.
The introduction of such lands into agricultural circulation is the largest national task of the country, which consists in increasing the efficiency of land use. Due to a number of socio-economic circumstances, vast areas of unused agricultural lands have accumulated in Russia, which require the development of projects for their involvement in agricultural circulation. In this regard, the objective of the article is to develop methodological recommendations for the economic justification of projects for the reclamation of unused agricultural lands. Using the example of some plots of agricultural enterprises in the Serdobsky District of the Penza Region, a typical plan of cultural and technical measures to combat weeds, shrubs and woody vegetation has been developed. Its technical and economic parameters and indicators of economic efficiency (the economic effect of involving unused lands in agricultural circulation, the efficiency coefficient), as well as indicators of economic efficiency of the project in the case of growing wheat on land plots (including payback periods) have been determined. The average payback was 7.6 years, which is less than the average payback period for such projects (8 years). The basic parameters of the proposed model can change, but require the collection of an extensive economic base and the results of monitoring the state of unused lands.