The innovation strategy in Japan is a long-term plan, developed taking into account the changing situation in the world and the priorities of the country's development. The government stimulates innovation through a number of measures: support for private initiative, tax incentives, and increased funding for research institutes. One of the priority areas of development in Japan is agriculture, the innovative development of which can solve the country's socio-economic problems and achieve strategic goals: ensuring food security by overcoming limited resources, maintaining public health and protecting the environment.
The article substantiates the socio-economic significance of the functioning of the milk and dairy products market, presents the author's understanding of the category "regional milk market," discloses the factors that affect the milk market in the region. The work updates the main aspects of the functioning of the domestic milk market, focusing on regional features. The main objectives of the study are: revealing the importance of the development of the milk market, assessing modern trends in its development in the Russian Federation and the regions, identifying the peculiarities of functioning at the current stage of economic development, and identifying prospects. During the study, distinctive specific characteristics of the milk market were identified, which must be taken into account when justifying the prospects for its functioning. The role of state influence on market processes occurring in the milk market is indicated. The production indicators characterizing the commodity supply were analyzed, the leading regions in the production of milk and dairy products were identified, a comparative assessment of the amount of demand, the main indicator of which is consumption, was carried out with a rational norm. Market indicators of unsatisfied demand, level of self-sufficiency, degree of saturation, market capacity was evaluated. Priority directions for the development of the milk and dairy market have been highlighted. The results of the analysis of the milk and dairy market presented in the study can be used in the development of strategies and programs for its development both at the national and regional levels.
The influence of Western sanctions on the food industry of Russian regions was studied and the prospects for the development of the industry in the current circumstances were assessed. Both the negative effects of the economic blockade of Russia and the positive aspects of this phenomenon, including in the regional context, are considered. The owners of the largest food industry companies, the main regions of their presence and the influence of foreign corporations on the current situation in the food industry are analyzed. A critical element of the article is the remark about the overwhelming presence of transnational corporations among the largest food producers in Russia, which threatens the stability of the food industry, primarily enterprises of the Moscow region. Also, the topic of the article is focused on the obvious issue of sanctions: possible restrictions on the supply of imported equipment and raw materials, in particular palm oil, which limits the possibility of stable operation of enterprises in a number of industries and regions of the country. In contrast to the negative sides, an assessment is also given of the positive effects of the sanctions policy on the country's food industry, including in the regional context.
Using the example of the Central Chernozem Region in the context of innovative experience in establishing an economic mechanism and a social factor, the problems of ensuring sustainable development of rural areas are considered It is about the organization of such an order on earth, where a civilized market dictates approaches to effective scientifically based land use. The human economy in this field should be in organic contact with the economy of nature. In this aspect, the analysis of natural and human potential is given as a decisive factor in ensuring territorial stability, where harmony with nature is the right noospheric path to an innovative farming system, saving the fertile power of our unique chernozems. Based on the research of the Research Institute of Economics and the Organization of the Agro–Industrial Complex of the Central Research Center – a Branch of the Federal State Scientific Institution "Voronezh Federal Agrarian Scientific Center named after V.V. Dokuchaeva" proposed a set of measures, the implementation of which will not only innovatively strengthen the agroeconomy, but also, with the evolution of human potential, bring the village to a qualitatively new standard of living.
The article sets out the content of the main elements of the mechanism of social and labor relations, namely, subjects, objects, forms, methods and tools. The peculiarities of some of them in the agricultural sector were noted, related to the specifics of the industry, its multi-layering, modernization of production and others. A brief overview of collective and contractual regulation of social and labor relations was presented and it was concluded that collective agreements and social partnership agreements of various levels are of paramount importance. Attention is drawn to the fact that in modern conditions, the regulation of social and labor relations involves ensuring a balance of interests of their subjects, creating conditions for decent agricultural labor and a balance of "stability - efficiency" in the field of agricultural employment. Therefore, in order to assess the level of service stations in business entities, it is necessary to constantly track them according to a single system of indicators.
The level of development of agricultural production in Russia and ensuring food security directly depends on the development of the innovative component of the production process. Currently, innovative activity in the field of agricultural production is at a low level, which is confirmed by official statistics. As a result, the dependence of agricultural enterprises on foreign suppliers of fixed and working capital is quite high, which in the current geopolitical conditions may adversely affect the efficiency of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Investment insufficiency in the agricultural sector of the economy is confirmed by the dynamics of the index of investment in fixed assets, which, in turn, will have a negative impact on the dynamics of GDP. The current structure of sources of investment financing, dominated by investment loans, does not provide the proper level of development of the industry, which requires a revision of the current state policy in the field of agricultural production support. The conducted study allows us to conclude that it is necessary to adjust the existing instruments of the organizational and economic mechanism for lending investments in the fixed capital of agricultural organizations.
The article is devoted to the development of exports of domestic poultry and pig products. The author emphasizes that meat production in Russia grewandover the past 10 years, its volumes have increased by 40%. This growth allowed the Russian Federation to become a net exporter of meat in 2021 for the first time. Food security indicators have been achieved for meat and meat products. Therefore, in modern conditions, increasing exports is a necessary condition for the effective and balanced development of sub-sectors. In this regard, in the article, the author analyzes the development of exports of poultry and pig products, determines their competitiveness in foreign markets, and identifies promising areas for the development of export deliveries.
The article analyzes the productivity and intensity of the use of agricultural land in the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region of the Russian Federation. The dynamics of these indicators for 2017-2020 is estimated in actual and constant prices in the subjects of the region in the context of farms of all categories and agricultural organizations. The potential for increasing the volume of agricultural production in the Central Chernozem region was assessed by increasing the intensity of the use of agricultural land to the level achieved in the leader subject.
The growing demand for food has led to the intensification of agricultural production by technogenic means, however, such a load on nature turns into an oversaturation of crop rotations, a violation of the ecological balance, the habitat of people and all living matter. Therefore, along with the development and implementation of technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops on an industrial basis, humanity is searching for ways to grow them that would reduce energy and, in general, resource consumption of materialized labor, thereby improving the ecological environment. Among the crops that most meet these requirements are cereals, which are less resource-intensive and are characterized by high caloric content at a relatively low cost of production and the price of the product, satisfying the solvency of the population with limited incomes. The functioning of the grain economy is based on the totality of the use of biological, economic and spatial, that is, territorial resources, which, combined with different natural soil fertility and remoteness from sales markets, create a complex system of interaction characteristic of the macro-regions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russia. Among them, the Central macro-region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russia (CM NZR) is distinguished by the greatest agricultural potential, with a capacious grain market, but with low self-sufficiency in land resources, as well as their insufficient natural fertility, which together causes a shortage of it here, amounting to almost two-thirds, shown in the article. This shortage of grain is overcome by importation from other remote regions of the country, the purchase of which, together with transport costs, is higher than its own production in the NZR CM. To eliminate such an imbalance of grain by own production, the grain yield here should be at least 4 t/ha, which the Bryansk region already has, although it is characterized by less fertile soils in the Southern Agricultural region. To do this, it is necessary to use the latest achievements in breeding, seed production, technologies and equipment of the Research Institute, shown in the article, the introduction of which, together with investment investments, will increase the self-sufficiency of grain in the Central macroregion. The article describes the long-term transformation of the development of grain farming in the center of the Non-Chernozem region, when the leading position of a particular grain crop was changed.
In the new economic conditions, the agricultural sector is particularly in need of scientifically based forecasting of economic resources, including labor. Reasonable forecasts make it possible to adjust long-term and medium-term programs for the development of the industry in the territorial aspect, as well as to assess the prospects for development, to see various options for events starting from rural areas and ending with the macroregion. An important scientific and methodological imperative is analytical monitoring and forecasting of the necessary management personnel of organizations in the industry and the region, specialists with higher education for the sustainable development of agriculture. The development and substantiation of an up-to-date resource forecasting methodology corresponding to modern conditions of agricultural development is the most important task of agricultural policy and management of the industry. The article shows the author's methodology for forecasting the need for the number of specialists in the management of agriculture in the South Siberian macroregion, an economic model is constructed that allows assessing the need for managerial personnel in the medium term, taking into account the influence of external economic factors.