In Russia, there is a need to develop the infrastructure of the agro-food market, which is the main element of its functioning, ensuring the connection between production and consumption. The degree of development of individual infrastructure subsystems affects the efficiency of the product market, and modern realities cause the need for their improvement. In Russia, the spatial distribution of agricultural production determines the transportation of agricultural products, raw materials and food over significant distances. In this regard, the article examines some subsystems of the Russian infrastructure of the agro-food market.
The agro-industrial complex is one of the leading sectors of the Penza region economy. Its share in the gross regional product is about 15 percent. The region is a major food producer and is one of those regions of Russia that not only fully provide themselves with basic food products, but also supply products outside Russia. Thanks to government support and the efforts of agricultural producers themselves, the agro-industrial complex of the Penza region continues to develop and plays an important role in the region's economy. Development of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Penza region is an important step in shaping the attractiveness of the region and strengthening its position in the international arena. Currently, the Penza region occupies a significant place in Russia in the export of poultry meat, beverages and animal feed. This indicates a significant export potential of the region's agro-industrial complex and opportunities for further development of foreign economic activity.
The article examines the international practice of providing state support for the use of mineral fertilizers and their production as one of the elements of the development and implementation of agricultural policy. The conclusion about the importance of such support as a factor ensuring sustainable development of agriculture is substantiated. An analysis of national programs of individual countries in the studied area is carried out, their specific features are determined, an assessment of the progress of implementation and effectiveness is given. It is established that the level of state support for consumers and producers of fertilizers in many countries is characterized by a tendency to increase its size and expand the range of measures applied. Due to the proven effectiveness of using such instruments of state regulation, their further active use is predicted both in the medium and long term.
The economic accessibility of food, which is a central element of food security, has a direct impact on the quality of life and health of the population, the social stability and public security. International and national assessing and monitoring the level of food security systems identify an extensive list of indicators of economic accessibility of food. Nevertheless, the task of taking into account the impact of food price levels in assessing the economic availability of food remains not fully solved. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the method of identifying food price anomalies, which is based on comparing the complex weighted growth rate of inflation-free prices with its average value for the previous period. Based on the calculations carried out, there were identified periods of food price anomalies. To substantiate the feasibility of using this indicator, a study was conducted on the relationship between the level of price anomalies and indicators characterizing consumer behavior.
Customs and tariff regulation of the food market is a set of economic instruments, organizational measures and institutions to ensure the protection of the Russian market of agricultural products, raw materials and agricultural products in order to prevent unfair competition with foreign suppliers, as well as to encourage domestic producers to export their products to foreign markets and create a most-favored-nation export regime for them. The article discusses the issues of customs and tariff regulation in the agri-food market, which in general should create the necessary economic conditions to protect domestic producers from unfair competition, as well as to protect the domestic market of agricultural products and agricultural products from excessive price volatility in the global food market. In addition, the issues of digitalization of export-import operations are being considered.
The article is devoted to the study of the urgent problem of integrating educational and scientific activities into the production process and the economy of regions, including the development of small innovative enterprises. The research topic corresponds to the current state agenda for the development of the country's technological leadership and the implementation of the federal project "Personnel in agriculture". The assessment of the state of the Russian land fund, the agro–industrial complex of the analyzed region - the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and innovation activities in the agricultural sector is given. The main problems in the interaction of educational, industrial and market processes are identified. The necessity of integrating the educational process into production and market processes based on the creation of educational modular farms is substantiated. Their creation can have an impact on the sustainable development of agriculture and rural infrastructure in the region. Their functioning will create a qualitatively new level of specialists for work in the fields of agriculture, as well as create a new approach to the management of small innovative enterprises established at universities. In the course of the research, the following results were achieved: the author's interpretation of the concept of "educational modular farm" was proposed, its features were identified and a general scheme of work was developed, prospects for the creation and development of educational modular farms on the basis of a specialized university in the region were outlined, based on an assessment of the resource potential of the educational institution.
As the environment of business operations changes business efficiency after 2022 financial and economic activity, including that of agricultural organizations, becomes a source of formation of economic sovereignty. The revealed tendencies of reduction of profitability of assets of agricultural organizations after the introduction of sanctions against the Russian Federation caused the reduction of financial the reduction of net profit of these companies. This paper identifies the key factors determining the value of financial result of agricultural corporations. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze factors affecting the formation of the financial result of agricultural organizations and the development of directions to improve the efficiency of their activities. The industry plays a key role in the formation of food security of the of our country and ensuring contractual obligations with foreign partners. В deterministic factor analysis of financial results of the largest in the country producer of sunflower. Special attention is paid to the main activity and the aggregate financial result – net profit. The quantitative influence of factors on profit is estimated and the possible reasons for their changes are determined. As a result of the analysis it was found out that the growth of the cost of sales is characteristic for the whole agricultural industry, and due to the acquisition of land and expansion of activities increased interest payable, which entailed a loss from other activities. Taking into account the company's operations, recommendations were proposed to improve its results.
In modern conditions of the economic component of the life of any state, the effectiveness of the development of the tax system is a fundamental point of development. The urgency of improving and modernizing the country's tax policy is due to a number of important economic factors. One of these key values for Russia is the sphere of agriculture. Namely, the importance of increasing the state budget due to tax revenues from the most important sectors of the economy, such as the oil and gas industry, agriculture, mechanical engineering, light industry, and so on. The article discusses the issues of forming the most optimal tax system for the sustainable and systematic development of the agricultural sector in Russia. This paper will cover such issues as the specifics of taxation of agricultural enterprises (small and large enterprises in the industry) and an important aspect of optimizing tax policy for the near future. It is the positive dynamics in these matters that will make it possible to improve most of the economically significant indicators of the country. Of course, the primary task of any agricultural enterprise is to choose the most optimal and adaptive tax system to ensure high profitability. A well-chosen development vector makes it possible to identify an effective economic policy of an agricultural enterprise at the initial stages. This paper analyzes the existing tax regimes that are successfully used by most Russian agricultural enterprises at the present stage. Of course, the key taxation regime in our country is the Unified Agricultural Tax (hereinafter referred to as the UAT). A brief description of the above tax will be given, and the historical background for the creation and operation of this tax will be considered. The specifics of the work and the specifics of the use of the UAT are considered in detail. In addition, the key requirements for the application of this regime by agricultural producers and the main positive aspects for the agricultural sector when choosing an UAT are analyzed. A detailed description of the main elements of the tax is being compiled. The prospects for the development of taxation in the agricultural sector for the near future are assessed, taking into account the specifics of changes in legislation and the specifics of the political situation in the country.
The article analyzes the financial and structural asymmetry between agricultural organizations producing organic milk and processing enterprises engaged in the processing of raw milk and the manufacture of organic dairy products. The results of the analysis of production units based on the model of rating assessment of the financial and economic situation of organizations using criteria indicators are presented. The links of the organic dairy food chain are considered from the point of view of the evaluation indicators forming a summary score. The characteristic advantages of groups within each link are highlighted. A grouping of organic farms was carried out with distribution to business entities, taking into account annual revenue. A comparison of the links of the dairy and food chain was made in accordance with the evaluation group.
The work is devoted to the study of the systems of criteria and evaluation indicators of the economic efficiency of the hop-growing complex. Since in the conditions of the market economy it is impossible to plan development without assessing the level of achievement of economic interests, the study presents parameters that allow calculating the efficiency of various stages of production and marketing of products of the hop-growing complex - growing and production, processing, supply and sale of hops and hop products. To improve the accuracy and completeness of data coverage, the work proposes to use a multi-criteria approach, where the basic general indicators for calculating economic efficiency, such as profitability, profit, can be adjusted by specific criteria (labor productivity, return on assets), most fully reflecting the effectiveness of the studied industry at each stage of the production chain. This approach allows organizations engaged in the industry not only to assess their financial and economic indicators and production potential, but also to compare the results with integrated data on the industry. The economic efficiency of the functioning of the hop-growing sub-complex should be considered as the combined result of production and economic relations, as well as the effect of the contribution of each participant in the production chain that creates added value.