The paper provides a retrospective factor analysis of changes in labor productivity in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Having selected the indicators of the last years of the national history of the Soviet period as a basis for comparison, the authors, based on the collected statistical information, consider and analyze changes in indicators affecting labor productivity in the industry. The period for comparison was not chosen by chance: the last adopted Comprehensive Program for the Development of the National Economy in the USSR provided for a phased reduction in the proportion of people employed in agriculture by increasing the level of mechanization, accompanied by an increase in the level of competencies of those working in agricultural enterprises. It was planned that the released personnel could provide a natural increase in personnel for the developing industry. An analysis of the dynamics of indicators and the current situation in agriculture will allow us to consider the effectiveness of management using the example of labor productivity.
The article considers the most important directions of increasing grain production in the Russia and their importance for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the country. Modern agricultural technologies, including precision farming, advanced irrigation systems, the use of high-yielding and climate-resistant varieties of cereals are analyzed in detail, and their role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of grain production is emphasized. Expansion of cultivated areas and involvement of unutilized agricultural land are highlighted as the most important measures to increase production capacity. Particular attention is paid to the development of exports of processed grain products, which provide higher added value and contribute to economic growth and job creation in the processing industry. The article also identifies the main challenges faced by Russian companies in international markets, such as competition with existing exporters, logistical barriers and fluctuations in world grain prices. The proposed measures of state support include subsidies for technological upgrading, infrastructure development and policies aimed at promoting Russian grain products abroad. The results of the study are the basis for the development of a strategy for sustainable development of the grain industry aimed at ensuring food security, satisfying domestic demand and strengthening Russia's position as a leading grain producer in the world.
The article is devoted to the problem of state regulation of rural development. The relevance of the topic of a differentiated approach to state regulation of rural development is due to a complex set of factors. Rural regions in many countries, including Russia, face profound socio-economic imbalances, such as declining populations, low living standards, and limited employment opportunities. Traditional development models, focused mainly on agriculture, are often insufficient to ensure sustainable development and meet the diverse needs of local communities. The Spatial Development Strategy of Russia also emphasizes the need for an integrated and differentiated approach to rural development. This requires detailed consideration of regional specifics, the level of socio-economic development and the potential of each territory to ensure effective government support and stimulate the local economy. Thus, the problematic issue is the development of mechanisms that allow adapting public policy to different types of rural areas, ensuring their sustainable development and socio-economic integration, which is the main objective of this study. As part of the study, the authors supplemented the methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the level of sustainable rural development. In addition, a methodological approach has been developed to develop individual trajectories for sustainable rural development, which makes it possible to adapt development strategies to the specific conditions of each territory. Differentiated government regulatory measures have also been developed aimed at developing the economic complex and social sphere of rural areas, which ensures a more effective and targeted impact on various types of rural areas.
In modern conditions, addressing the tasks related to the development of agriculture, as well as ensuring the food independence of the country and technological sovereignty, largely depends on the level of staffing within the industry with highly qualified personnel. Due to the constant introduction of new technologies in the agrarian sector, there is a demand for competent specialists who possess the necessary knowledge and skills, are ready to work independently with modern technologies, and are capable of servicing complex equipment. A well-established system of interaction between educational institutions and enterprises in the agricultural sector is a crucial step in addressing the issue of the shortage of qualified personnel, which has become the second most significant negative factor for the industry. This work examines the opinions of scholars on the interaction system between educational organizations and agribusiness enterprises as one of the factors in preparing competitive specialists in the sector. For problem formulation, original analytical studies were conducted, and the existing model of interaction was analyzed, along with scientific research by scholars in this field. In conclusion, the concept of "interaction system" is refined, and directions for evaluating the effectiveness of cooperation between educational organizations and agribusiness are proposed, which can not only ensure the quality of specialist training but also contribute to the development of the agricultural sector in the country.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization of Russian exports of agricultural products and the existing infrastructural limitations that hinder its development. The conclusion on the advisability of orienting domestic agriculture toward deliveries to foreign markets is substantiated. The main parameters of agricultural production in Russia, export volumes and geography of commodity flows are analyzed, and an assessment of the changes occurring in this area in recent years is given. The presence of a set of problems with the sale of agricultural products and food is noted, among which the following are particularly highlighted: lack of processing and storage capacities, insufficient port infrastructure, shortage of specialized rolling stock and trucks, high cost of tariffs for transportation by various modes of transport, underdevelopment of logistics centers and transport corridors. The urgency of their prompt solution by combining the efforts of business and government representatives is emphasized.
Indonesia, the world's fourth-most populous country with a powerful economic base, has become a full member of BRICS. Indonesia's entry into BRICS comes at a time of great power rivalry in Southeast Asia, with the United States and China pushing hard to increase their influence. This underlines its strategic value in terms of further economic integration, expansion, high-quality agrarian and industrial cooperation, modernization and digitalization. Currently, nine of the world's 20 most populous countries are members of BRICS, with a combined population of nearly 4 billion. BRICS members are world leaders in the production of essential commodities such as grain, meat, crude oil, natural gas, and strategic minerals such as iron ore, copper, and nickel, creating numerous mutually beneficial opportunities. It is clear that the BRICS countries will continue strengthen economic partnerships, expand infrastructure and financial capacity, promote the interests of the Global South, and attract investment. In 2024, Indonesia’s trade volume with the BRICS countries reached approximately US$150 billion, reflecting the bloc’s importance as a trading partner. Expanding this trade is critical to Indonesia’s target of 8% of GDP export growth. This also creates a strategic foothold for other ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries to consider joining BRICS in the future. Indonesia’s membership in BRICS, given its status as the world’s largest Muslim-majority country with a GDP of US$1.4 trillion (the 16th largest in the world), export revenues of US$350 billion, and its role as a key tourist destination, is significant. Indonesia, a member of the G20 and a founding member of ASEAN, is strengthening the bloc and expanding trade and investment ties in Southeast Asia through integration. It is worth noting that China, South Korea and Japan have also joined ASEAN, thus forming the most powerful financial and economic foundation of ASEAN. Currently, BRICS countries have a larger consumer market for their agrarian exports, a larger labor force to achieve economic stability and sustainable development, and productive channels for the introduction of green technologies and artificial intelligence. It is also expected to make a significant contribution to energy and food security in the future. This article examines the state of Indonesia's agricultural sector in the context of joining BRICS.
The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics and structure of consumer prices for food products. The authors note that Russia has developed the whole range of tools for monitoring the dynamics of consumer market prices, and the government uses certain measures aimed at stabilizing them (limiting prices for socially important food products, concluding agreements with businesses not to raise prices). In recent years, there has been an increase in the real disposable income of the population, the significant increase in the turnover of retail trade, including food products. Despite these positive trends, there is still the high proportion of spending on food purchases in household consumer spending. One of the reasons for the ongoing processes is the significant increase in consumer prices. Over the period 2017-2024, consumer prices increased by about 62%. The analysis of the structure of consumer prices for certain types of food products revealed the main drivers of price growth (butter, beef, cheeses, chickens, eggs, milk, bakery products, flour and pasta). The authors note that for a number of products, a significant share in the retail price structure is trade turnover, and for individual products it is at the comparable level with the share of agricultural producers. The authors emphasize the need to improve the price monitoring system, which covers all participants in the production and distribution chain and allows monitoring the structure of wholesale and retail prices for the wide range of food products.
The article shown the role of scientific developments in the development of agriculture as a «foundation» for the transfer of innovations and the development of the agricultural sector. The barriers and constraints of the transfer of scientific developments into agricultural practice are considered. A model for the implementation of innovative products in agro-industrial production has been developed, which is a system aimed at minimizing the limitations of the transfer of innovations, including the following elements: a «core» that consolidates all communication processes in the form of a digital ecosystem with a «seamless» paradigm of functioning. The functioning model is described and the description and characteristics of the architecture domains are given. Attention is focused on the importance of scientific developments in the development of rural areas and the experience of the functioning of the Center for sustainable rural Development at the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics is given. The flagship directions of the center are characterized: conducting scientific research on rural development, monitoring the current state of rural areas, project activities, continuous training and advanced training of all segments of the population, information and consulting activities.
This article reveals the main trends in the development of the global market of milk and dairy products. The main features and patterns of development of this sector of the agri-food market in the context of technological development of production in various countries and state regulation of dairy cattle breeding are revealed. The analysis of volumes and directions of export and import of dairy products in Russia is carried out. The main suppliers and consumers of dairy products have been identified, as well as the prospects for demand growth in Africa and the Middle East. The authors conclude that the main constraining factors for realizing the export potential of dairy cattle breeding in Russia are sanctions pressure and low average annual productivity of dairy cattle.
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of import substitution of agricultural machinery in Russia, which has become a strategic response to sanctions and international challenges. The historical dependence on imports, the challenges associated with the shortage of machinery and spare parts, as well as the adaptation of the Russian agro-industrial sector to new economic realities are considered. The development of domestic production is analyzed in detail, including the efforts of companies such as Rostselmash and Kirovets, and government support measures such as subsidies, concessional lending and leasing programs. The dynamics of imports of machinery from China, Belarus and India, as well as their impact on market stability, are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the competitiveness of domestic and imported machinery, the problems of fleet wear, as well as the prospects for modernization of the industry. The main conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of localization of production, strengthening cooperation with friendly countries and further development of state support measures to achieve technological independence of Russia in the field of agricultural engineering.