Risks are an integral part of any company's business. At the methodological level, the apparatus for identifying, analyzing and managing business risks is significantly developed, and the corresponding section is highlighted in the annual reports of enterprises, which describes the key business risks and ways to manage them. At the same time, a reactive risk management system operates at the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, without the prospect of creating a risk-oriented system or a strategic enterprise risk management system and ensuring economic security. Also, given the importance of backbone enterprises for the domestic economy, especially in the agro-industrial complex, the need for objective information about current risks is extremely high, primarily among government agencies. The purpose of the study was to create and test a system of indicators used to assess the key risks of agricultural enterprises. In the article, the author described the methodology for the formation of this system of indicators. The approbation was carried out at the backbone agricultural enterprises of the Samara region. The result of the study is a functioning methodology for monitoring the risks of agricultural enterprises, as well as a classification of risks of systemically important agricultural enterprises, based on the frequency of their observation.
The article reveals the properties of rural areas as a special type of spatial systems that determine the features of their organization and management of development processes, as well as a set of factors that form their specific characteristics, criteria for localization of rural areas. The content of the categories "balance" and "balanced development" is given. It is proposed to consider the management of the balanced development of spatial systems from the standpoint of the theory of constraints and imbalances, which underlies the methodology for managing various types of systems and involves identifying and eliminating key imbalances that limit the formation and realization of the development potential of the management facility, and to identify imbalances in rural development using a set of system-wide problems characteristic of rural areas at various levels of localization. The main tasks of managing balanced rural development are formulated in the context of the federal, regional and municipal levels.
In agriculture, the basis of the territorial division of labor is the development of productive forces. The peculiarity of the spatial development of agriculture is the presence of a huge territory of the country with different regional, natural and socio-economic conditions. As a result, each sub-sector is assigned to specific regions and areas of Russia that are favorable for their development. This contributes to the rational placement of production, deepening specialization and its optimal concentration. In order to ensure the effective functioning of the domestic market for agricultural products, raw materials and food, the territorial division of labor, on the one hand, promotes the development of specialization in the region, and on the other hand, concentrates the production of specific types of products on their territory. At the same time, the interregional exchange of manufactured products is expanding. A specific feature of agricultural specialization is that the organization and management of the industry depend not only on natural and climatic conditions, but also on the rational use of land, farm animals and cultivated crops. Unlike industrial production, it is difficult to separate one sub-sector from another in agriculture. The country is characterized by the presence of sparsely populated areas with different natural and economic conditions, which necessitates solving the problem of sustainable development of agriculture, that is, increasing the production of competitive agricultural products at the lowest cost.
It is well known that the state regulation of the rural economy is carried out at three levels: federal, regional and local (municipal). Since the subjects of the rural economy in most cases are based on the territory of rural municipalities, the importance of municipalities in the system of state regulation of this sphere of the economy increases significantly. A necessary condition for the development of an effective and efficient mechanism for regulating the rural economy at the municipal level is the identification of such areas of it that have the most significant impact on the state of the domestic village. In the proposed study, based on a comparison of the interests of local authorities and subjects of the rural economy, an attempt has been made to measure the impact of its main spheres on the state of municipalities.
The expansion of the BRICS membership brings new opportunities and prospects for cooperation and development of the agro-food sector of the bloc countries. The article analyzes possible areas of effective cooperation between the BRICS countries aimed at achieving the main goals of the association in the agricultural sector and identifies those areas in which, despite all the existing differences, it is possible to harmonize interests and develop a common position – these are primarily areas related to ensuring food security and eradicating poverty based on scientific and technological development, investment activities and growth in regional trade. It is noted that the BRICS countries have significant scientific and technological potential, the effective use of which on a cooperative basis will allow the countries to reach a new level of scientific and technological development and ensure the production of products competitive in the world market. An important area of cooperation is the further development of investment activities based on project financing, using the financial resources of the New Development Bank and leading financial institutions of the new BRICS countries, which will allow implementing large-scale projects on rural development, creating a modern rural and trade infrastructure, as well as projects on ecology and reducing the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Undoubtedly, an important direction for the further economic development of the association is the development of interregional trade in agricultural products, which has been constantly growing over the past decade. Its further development will be facilitated by the creation of an institution of exchange trade, the development of logistics and the creation of terminals at key points of product sales, the improvement of customs policy and the provision of uniformity of quality standards for food products.
The article examines the experience of the formation and development of Living Labs as an aspect of innovation infrastructure that transforms approaches to sustainable agricultural development. The main models of living laboratories, their role in strengthening agricultural knowledge systems (AKIS), as well as the conditions of their effectiveness are considered, from the complexity of tasks to the motivation of participants. Using the example of the European AgriLink project, the key principles of laboratory work are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the European experience, where live laboratories have become a tool for cooperation between farmers, scientists and the state. Based on the identified challenges, ways to adapt the methodology in Russia are proposed. The article emphasizes that living laboratories, acting as an institution of "social innovation", can become a catalyst for the transition to sustainable agriculture, combining science, practice and policy.
The article considers the relevance of the use of financial technologies for the implementation of green projects, namely analyses the problem of the lack of incentives for the implementation of such projects by market actors. The authors conclude that it is necessary to create additional monetary incentives to activate economic activity in this direction. The authors consider the existing national infrastructure, as well as international experience in the field of circulation of digital currencies. Based on the results of the analysis, they propose a mechanism to integrate the principles of Solarcoin cryptocurrency into the emerging infrastructure of the digital ruble of the Bank of Russia, taking into account adaptation to Russian specifics. Potential risks of the approach are considered, as well as possible investment signals for the development of renewable energy. A conclusion is made about the impact of the proposed approach on the growth of RES generation in the Russia.
The article is devoted to the study of the features of transportation of agricultural products by various modes of transport. The study assesses the current state and development trends of the transport services market. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the main problems and factors hindering the efficient transportation of agricultural products are identified. The limitations include the underdevelopment of the transport and logistics infrastructure, the unsatisfactory condition of highways and related road service facilities, the lack of port capacity for transshipment of agricultural cargo, the lack of capacity for storage and warehousing of products, the shortage of specialized freight vehicles, rolling stock and domestic medium- and large-tonnage vessels, their unsatisfactory condition, high transport tariffs, the cost of renting wagons and logistics costs, difficulties with cargo clearance, a significant level of tax burden on carriers. Based on the results of the study, a set of measures is proposed to develop the market segment of transportation of agricultural products.
The article focuses on assessing the impact of inter-organizational relations on the functioning of logistics infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex. A logical and graphical model of the functioning of the logistics infrastructure of the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented. The main forms of interorganizational relations in the agro-industrial complex, such as traditional, vertical, horizontal and combined, have been identified. Models of the functioning of logistics infrastructure in various forms of interorganizational relations are presented and an assessment of the effectiveness of logistics subsystems, such as trade and distribution and financial and credit subsystems, subsystems of transport services, regulatory and information support, as well as packaging support, is given.
The article examines the current state of energy supply for the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia, which is characterized by high dependence on traditional energy sources such as diesel fuel, natural gas and coal. The main share of energy consumption is accounted for the transportation of products, the operation of agricultural machinery and the heating of greenhouse complexes. Natural gas is widely used for heating greenhouses and irrigation systems, while diesel fuel remains the main resource for tractors and combines. The increase in fuel prices in recent years has led to a significant increase in the cost of production, especially in grain production, greenhouse farming and animal husbandry. The obsolescence of technology and limited gasification of remote regions exacerbate imbalances in access to energy resources, which reduces the energy efficiency of the industry and its competitiveness. Special attention is paid to the problems of ensuring energy sustainability and the prospects for switching to alternative energy sources, including solar panels, biogas plants and wind farms, as a possible solution to optimize costs and increase agricultural energy efficiency.