The article examines the current ecological status and nature of the use of floodplain lands in the Center of Russia, as well as in the Ryazan Meshchera. The main types of efficiency and the place of ecological and economic efficiency as an integral part of environmental efficiency are presented. The scientific vision of a more appropriate territorial use of flood meadows in crop production, forage production, animal husbandry, poultry farming (breeding of waterfowl), hunting, conservation, fisheries, beekeeping, harvesting wild plants, ecological tourism and design, creation of reference ecological sites, etc. Monitoring of elements of ecological systems and ways to bring them into line is presented, compliance with norms and regulations on maximum concentration doses (MPC) of environmental pollutants. With regard to meadow farming, the possibility of hay production on natural and improved floodplain hayfields using modern technologies is considered.
This paper examines the problem of electricity supply to remote sparsely populated areas of Russia, where several tens of millions of people face difficulties in accessing electricity. The reasons are analysed, including low population density, geographical remoteness and lack of centralised power supply, resulting in high tariffs and periodic outages. As a solution, the introduction of autonomous hybrid energy systems is proposed, which can significantly reduce the cost of electricity and increase the stability of the power supply. An example of a successful pilot project in Mensa village, Zabaikalsky Krai, is given, where autonomous hybrid power plants provided residents with high-quality electricity without interruptions. The objectives of the study are: to identify the main problems of electricity supply in remote settlements, to assess the efficiency of the introduction of autonomous hybrid energy systems, and to develop recommendations for the modernisation of energy infrastructure. The research methods include analysing statistical data on electricity supply, as well as studying successful practices of introducing autonomous systems in other regions. The work emphasises the need for an integrated approach to solving current problems in remote regions of Russia, offering innovative solutions that can improve the quality of life of the local population and contribute to the sustainable development of these territories.
The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of strategic planning. The analysis of approaches to the organization of strategic planning adopted in different countries, including Russia, is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the experience of states in which strategic planning is realized through achieving communication between state and public institutions. The conditions of strategic planning system formation and the interrelation of strategies by the main levels of power and strategic orientation are defined. The types of responsibility for the results of strategic planning, adopted in Singapore, and measures taken in case of failure to achieve the goals are analyzed with a view to their introduction in Russia. Recommendations for the development of strategic planning in Russia are formulated.
The materials of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2036 substantiate approaches that will ensure the effective and planned development of industrial, economic and social areas by expanding strategic intersectoral and regional interactions and improving the management system of industrial and economic growth of the agro-industrial complex. The current stage of management of the agro-industrial complex in the new geopolitical environment largely depends on the effective functioning of production, economic and social potentials, and also plays a huge and promising role in the development and structuring of socio-economic systems in the field of prioritization of industrial and economic growth. Strategic directions will ensure dynamic and integrated development, as well as the management of industrial and economic growth, using effective mechanisms, methods and procedures for making strategic management decisions related to the sustainable manageability and dynamism of individual branches of the agro-industrial business. When implementing these directions, modern forms and methods of management in the new geopolitical environment should not contradict the existing goals and objectives of socio-economic growth of agricultural industries and rural areas, taking into account their specific features, difficulties and unevenness in development.
Currently, peasant (farming) farms make a significant contribution to the development of agricultural production. They have a number of specific features that distinguish them from other agricultural producers. Peasant (farming) farms have undergone a number of changes in their development. It is very important to study these processes in more detail. Having studied the historical aspects of the formation of peasant (farming) farms and analyzed their current state, it is possible to identify the main trends characteristic of their development. The study of the activities of peasant (farm) farms was conducted using the example of the Saratov region. The data from the "Report on the financial and economic condition of agricultural producers, agricultural producers, recipients of funds, and grain producers" provided by the regional Ministry of Agriculture were used as sources of statistical information. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, aspects of the activities of peasant (farm) farms were studied in detail. As a result, the main trends of their development were identified. In recent years, the number of peasant (farming) farms in the region has been increasing. Their enlargement occurs: they transform from small forms into large formations. The crop industry is predominant among farmers. Cereals and oilseeds predominate among the crops grown. Farmers' interest in the development of the livestock industry is growing. In general, the profitability and profitability of peasant (farm) farms is increasing.
In modern conditions of economic reality, planning is becoming one of the main functions of the management of agricultural enterprises. The article discusses the general issues of starting planning processes, as they affect the quality of plans and the possibility of their implementation. Such issues include planning objectives, planning principles and their use, and planning stages.
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the implementation of state policy in the field of reducing the use of mineral fertilizers. The conclusion is substantiated that the main reason for choosing this direction is the desire to reduce environmental costs. Environmental costs are a consequence of intensive agriculture. It is noted that the policy of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers is based on the use of voluntary agreements between economic entities and government bodies, command and control, economic and other specialized instruments. The experience of building national programs and strategies in this area is analyzed, indicating target indicators applicable to various countries of the world. The further desire of developed and a number of developing countries to consistently reduce the use of agrochemicals and increase the use of organic fertilizers is predicted. At the same time, it is noted that, all other things being equal, the production of organic agricultural products is often more expensive for producers than products using mineral fertilizers.
The research is devoted to the current state and development prospects of the Russian market of milk and its processed products. The author analyzes the main indicators of the functioning of dairy cattle breeding in Russia in the context of economic efficiency and trends in the global food market. The regional features of milk production in the context of federal districts are investigated. A direct relationship has been revealed between the income level of the population and the amount of consumption of dairy products. The author justifies that the use of modern, resource-intensive technologies makes it possible to use the genetic potential of animals more effectively and significantly increase the profitability of dairy cattle breeding. The implementation of the import substitution policy has become a driver for the development of deep milk processing plants and the production of products that were previously imported from abroad.
The article is devoted to the study of the most significant changes in the activities of agricultural organizations in the Orel region that occurred during the implementation of the first stage (2013-2021) of the State Program for the Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the current state of agriculture at the regional level and identify key trends in its development. Attention is focused on the assessment of the achieved production and financial results of agricultural organizations, taking into account their scale and types of economic activity. The methodological basis of the research includes economic and statistical methods, comparative and structural analysis, which were used to assess the growth of production volumes and structure, dynamics of efficiency and stability factors.
The article is devoted to organizational measures and economic mechanisms for the development of domestic potato production. The successful implementation of the program "Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation", conducted by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation jointly with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, was noted. In 2025, as a result of the implementation of complex scientific and technical projects, 18,923 tons of elite seeds of Russian potato varieties will be sold. Potato varieties created by leading scientific organizations of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science are cultivated in 72 regions of the country, accounting for 48 potato varieties registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. At the same time, due to difficulties in seed production, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia proposed to reduce the percentage of self-sufficiency in Russian-bred potato seeds from 50% to 35% by 2030. The analysis of potato production in the country from 2001 to 2024 was carried out. It was found that during this period, the area under cultivation decreased by 29%, with a 2-fold increase in yields and gross yields. The economic efficiency of potatoes has been calculated for the period 2018-2024. It is concluded that productivity in the organized sector depends on weather conditions and the level of intensity of the technologies used. It is estimated that in order to fulfill the Food Security Doctrine, the volume of seed production of domestic breeding (excluding personal subsidiary farms) should be about 800 thousand tons. The activities of the Miratorg agro-industrial holding in potato breeding and seed production are shown as a positive example. The possibility of attracting development institutions such as JSC Rosagroleasing, JSC Rosselkhoznadzor and JSC Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to potato seed production is analyzed. A set of organizational measures and economic mechanisms for the accelerated development of domestic breeding and seed production in the studied sub-sector has been developed and proposed.