The article explores approaches to improving the system of crop insurance with state support in the context of climate change and increasing natural risks. The necessity of integrating digital technologies—such as satellite monitoring, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis—into the development of adaptive regional insurance programs is substantiated. These technologies can be applied to create bundled insurance products that include basic and additional options, increasing the accessibility of insurance and reducing the financial burden on agricultural producers. The study presents methods for forming agricultural and climatic risk profiles of regions using cluster analysis, which allows for the justification of differentiated conditions for insurance and subsidies. The findings support the implementation of combined insurance products and a flexible state support system that takes into account specific risks and the financial capabilities of farmers. The importance of individual and regional approaches is emphasized as key factors in increasing the accessibility, transparency, and effectiveness of agricultural insurance. Special attention is given to the development of insurance packages combining mandatory and optional risks. Scenarios for the application of a flexible subsidy system and the potential for creating sustained demand for crop insurance through a comprehensive consideration of stakeholders’ interests are also discussed.
The current global economic situation determines a new format of spatial development of agriculture and related industries to ensure food security of the country. The vector of territorial development depends on the efficiency of business processes at all levels of the national economy. In turn, the efficiency of production factors is determined by the level of its organization and management strategy, the size and structure of production, and the level of personnel qualification. The study of methodological approaches to a complex interdependent system allowed us to define methodological tools at all levels of management in the main blocks: financial, consumer block, business processes, labor resources and organizational structures. A special role in the management of spatial development belongs to the state, which applies a set of measures of economic and administrative influence. The success of the implementation of the territorial development strategy is directly related to the interest of its participants and implementers, the need to communicate the goals and specific tasks to the immediate implementers and the subsequent evaluation of the result. In addition, the ecological social and infrastructural component, reflected in the matrix of compliance of target participants of spatial development, should be taken into account on a regional scale. The interaction of key elements and components in an innovative economy cannot be imagined without information flows and information platforms aggregated into a single whole, allowing for the formation of an operational and strategic database in real time.
Currently, the country's leadership assigns an important place to the modernization of scientific and technical libraries of research institutions and educational organizations in determining the vector of Russia's leading development directions. The article examines the unique substantive features and qualitative characteristics of the areas of activity inherent in the Siberian Scientific Agricultural Library (SibNSHB), the only branch scientific library of a vast territory from the Urals to the Far East. The principles of authenticity included in the SibNSHB development concept made it possible to preserve the library during the difficult reorganization period that began after the adoption of the Federal Law "On the Russian Academy of Sciences" on September 27, 2013, and to create a modern information service system for agricultural science and education, including new forms and methods of information services that are as close as possible to the consumer of information. The article aims to analyze the content of the dynamics of the main indicators of the state task for the implementation of library, bibliographic and information services for library users and readers in the period 2022-2024. The study of indicators is possible on the basis of in-depth knowledge and understanding of the industry specifics of the library's activities, which are based on the distinctive and characteristic features of agricultural science and a thorough study of its target audience.
The article analyzes the most important factors influencing the development of rural areas of the Lipetsk region. The demographic situation in rural areas is analyzed. There is a downward trend in the population, as well as problems related to the aging and reproduction of the rural population. The data on employment of rural population in the time period is presented. There is a decrease in the number of people employed in rural areas. The income level is analyzed based on the results of an all-Russian survey. The main trends and threats of reducing employment and incomes of the rural population of the Lipetsk region, in particular those employed in seasonal sectors in agriculture, have been identified.
Dynamic development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the conditions of macroeconomic instability requires the development of effective scenarios for the development of foreign trade in agricultural products. Within the framework of a brief analysis and generalization of theoretical models of duopoly based on the relationship between the domestic and foreign markets, as well as the main empirical models of foreign trade analysis, the developed methodology for the development of exports and imports of Russian agro-food products is presented in general terms. In accordance with this, the study of exports and imports of Russian agro-food products will be carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the analysis of theoretical models will allow the formation of many balanced trajectories for the development of food markets. Qualitative assessments obtained at the first stage will be used at the second stage to argue possible scenarios for the development of exports and imports of Russian agro-food products based on econometric models.
The article analyzes the development of the transport and logistics system in the BRICS countries and its impact on the development of the food market. Based on the World Bank data, the main BRICS countries are identified – leaders in the development of the transport and logistics services market: the United Arab Emirates (UAE), China, South Africa (RSA). The analysis of the level of development of the transport and logistics infrastructure of these countries and the possibility of using the transport and logistics potential of these countries to improve the efficiency of intra-regional trade between the BRICS countries is carried out. It has been established that the basis for the development of the transport and logistics industry of the leading countries is a favorable geographical position at the intersection of world trade routes, as well as a developed legislative framework that promotes the introduction of innovations in the industry aimed at improving the efficiency of transport and logistics system management, reducing transport and logistics costs and increasing the transparency of food supply chains, such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS), artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. Much attention in these countries is paid to the formation of a network of warehouses and terminals with the necessary conditions for storing and handling goods, which ensures flexibility and efficiency of logistics operations. The state supports the development of the transport and logistics industry by implementing large-scale infrastructure development projects with the involvement of private partners – usually large logistics companies interested in developing the industry. The developed infrastructure of these countries allows Russia to increase the volume of trade in agricultural products with these countries, as well as to use the countries as transit hubs for trade in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. Further development of infrastructure in all BRICS countries will contribute to the development of intraregional trade, which is a very important condition for ensuring food security of the association countries.
The study analyzes the import of corn seeds into Russia, its dynamics, structure, and impact on yield from 2001 to 2024. The main focus is on the changes that occurred after 2022, including the introduction of import quotas from unfriendly countries. The research uses data from the Russian Federal Customs Service, the UN, and EMISS, as well as regression analysis methods to assess the elasticity of imports based on the ruble exchange rate and sown areas, and correlation analysis to examine the dependence of yield on imported seeds. The results show that the volume of corn seed imports over 20 years has tripled, with 70% of supplies before 2022 coming from unfriendly countries (France, Hungary, Romania). In 2023, imports from these countries decreased by 60%, and starting in 2024, a quota of 5 thousand tons was introduced, which should lead to a further decline in imports. The analysis of rolling elasticities revealed that before 2010, imports were highly dependent on the ruble exchange rate (elasticity of -8%), but after 2015, its influence decreased to -0.4%. At the same time, the elasticity of imports relative to sown areas increased significantly. Testing the hypothesis about the impact of imported seeds on yield did not confirm a significant relationship, indicating the role of other factors. The main findings of the study can be used to assess the prospects for import substitution and the adaptation of the agricultural sector to new conditions.
The article is devoted to the study of an urgent problem identified in the national project "Technological provision of food security", in particular the federal project "Personnel in agriculture", one of the tasks of which is to build fruitful cooperation between employers, educational and scientific organizations. The article proposes a new approach to the work of educational pilot farms, which allows integrating educational, production and market processes. For many years, educational and experimental farms have been an integral part of agricultural universities, where they strive to become more efficient enterprises and train high-class specialists meeting modern requirements. The creation of modern educational enterprises in the form of educational modular farms is primarily aimed at improving existing small innovative enterprises that operate at agricultural universities, but for a number of reasons are not always able to respond quickly to new economic challenges. In the course of the research, the following results were achieved: the legal status of UMH and the conditions of participation in working with the university and other potential partners were determined; the production and organizational structure of UMH was formed; a scheme for the interaction of educational, industrial and market processes through the creation and integration of UMH into the economy of the agro-industrial complex of the region was proposed.
The paper is devoted to the study of the tax policy influence on pricing in the agro-industrial complex. Tax policy through the tax mechanism and its instruments: the tax system, changes in rates and objects of taxes, the introduction of benefits and preferences – influences the development of socio-economic processes in the state, including the formation of prices. An assessment of the tax mechanism transformation in the agro-industrial complex was carried out, which made it possible to establish a positive impact on the production of agricultural products, the creation of conditions for attracting investment and to identify the problems in pricing. The analysis of the effectiveness of tax policy and its impact on prices in the agro-industrial complex sectors was carried out through indicators of the level of tax burden, indices of production, investments in fixed capital, production cost and prices of agricultural products. Preferential tax measures for the agricultural sector and other sectors of the agro-industrial complex have reduced the burden of direct taxes on production costs and indirect taxes on revenue, which has led to a reduction in the impact of taxes on prices in the agro-food sector. An analysis of prices and taxes for the period from 2014 to 2024 showed that they are closely interdependent. This relationship requires constant analysis and competent management by government agencies to ensure economic stability and maintain an optimal standard of living for the population. For this purpose, a methodology was developed for determining the share of the tax component in the final price of products, which is based on the use of a mechanism for taxing indirect and direct taxes. Testing of the methodology for the main types of agricultural products made it possible to determine the heterogeneity of the tax component in the final price of the product, which is due to various reasons. Thus, it is necessary to constantly monitor the tax component in the final price of agricultural products in order to develop comprehensive and systemic measures to create price balance in the agro-industrial complex.
Russia's agriculture needs fundamental changes in innovation and technology policy, driven by the need to achieve the goals set by the President of Russia on May 7, 2024. The dynamic development of agriculture will require the early introduction of domestic innovative technologies and innovations in the near future. According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the intensification of innovation activity in the agricultural sector has grown rapidly over the past five years, confirming the trend towards increased investment in agricultural technologies. At the same time, a significant part of the success associated with an increase in the physical volume of agricultural production is due to the use of imported innovations (in fact, material and technical resources and technologies). In this regard, there are significant challenges associated with updating scientific and technological policy in agriculture. The presented publication provides a brief analysis of the current situation with the generation and transfer of new knowledge in agriculture. The innovation and technological policy of agriculture in Russia is in crisis, which is reflected in the insufficient financing of government spending on innovation and has led to the use of a significant proportion of innovative imported solutions. This, in turn, had a negative impact on the real indicators of self-sufficiency in certain types of agricultural products and foodstuffs. In the presented research, the purpose and objectives of the innovative and technological development of agriculture in Russia are formulated. The mechanisms for achieving them are outlined.