The article analyzes the production of vegetable products in Russia, examines the potential for effective development of the industry and presents promising directions for its implementation. The authors have identified the peculiarities of vegetable growing that influence the formation of the potential for the development of the industry: a high level of the value of the final product for the population of the country, a large range of products with different technological characteristics, attractiveness for small forms of management and others. The assessment of the level of production of vegetable products by categories of agricultural producers, its import, selfsufficiency is given. Da-ta on the dynamics of the sown areas of open ground and the thermal complex of the country, yield, distribution of production by region are presented. The main production of open-ground vegetables is concentrated in the Southern Federal District -51.5% of the total collection in the country. More than 50% of the production of indoor vegetables falls on 10 regions of the country. As priority directions for realizing the potential of vegetable growing, the authors identified measures to: increase the acreage under vegetable crops, including through the construction of new modern greenhouse complexes, modernization of working greenhouses, their rational distribution across the country; wider use of productive varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops, including domestic breeding; development of processing, storage, packaging and marketing of vegetables and vegetable products; involvement in commodity production of producers of all organizational and legal forms (agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms, households of the population), servicing and processing enterprises by strengthening their interaction, including on a cooperative basis. At the present stage, it is important to carry out scientific support for the development of vegetable growing in Russia in a comprehensive manner at all stages of the agrofood chain: from breeding, seed production to marketing and consumption.
The economic growth of the regions is a consequence of the development of the markets of administrative regions, in which local economic conditions become the determining factors for the formation of medium and small forms of entrepreneurial activity. The development of P(F)H and IE at the level of both the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and administrative districts introduces diversity into the product range of mass (standardized) products, contributes to the development of its quality segment. The study presents a methodological rationale for distinguish-ing three groups of administrative districts with different levels of development of P(F)H and IE, in accordance with which the analysis of the federal districts of the Russian Federation and administrative districts of the Volga Federal District was carried out according to the level of development of P(F)H and IE. The paper also assessed the fac-tors influencing the predominant development of farms, among which it should be noted: the presence of large agri-cultural enterprises; natural-geographical and ecological conditions of the area; distance from the administrative center of the district to the regional center; the presence of large K(F)H in the area; specialization in the production of high quality products.
The domestic market of agricultural machinery and equipment is characterized by a significant dependence on imports. Sanctions in 2022 have largely transformed this market, there is a change in manufacturers and models of equipment. To improve the situation on the market, the government took certain steps: the list of agricultural machinery supplied as part of parallel imports was expanded, customs duties on commodity groups were zeroed, for which there is a particularly acute shortage, funds are allocated from the federal budget for the additional capitalization of JSC Rosagroleasing and preferential leasing, the program for granting loans to dealerships has been extended. But this is not enough. A state order and state support are needed not only in the creation or modernization of production, but also in the stabilization of demand.
The article deals with the problem of maintenance requirements, formed by the impact of various random factors on operated facilities. The sequence of actions (steps) for solving the extreme problem of operational reliability and technical impact on the technical components of technocomplexes is also given, taking into account the reliability indicators not only of the base machines, but also of the combined machines. The developed model is used to determine the repair and technical impacts during the operation of machines performing cultural work, including losses (damage) due to unplanned downtime. The model can be used to modernize repair bases and optimize process equipment.
The article presents modern ideas about the need to improve small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex. The historical continuity of the country's food supply solution is shown, taking into account the fuller use of the advantages of small business. The example of the Ryazan region reflects the zonal features of agricultural production. The calculated justifications of the effective activity of a small business enterprise are given and the ways of its longterm development are recommended.
In the article, the authors examined the state and problems of increasing the efficiency of public procurement procedures in the system of ensuring the economic security of Russian subjects in the course of public procurement. Con-ducted an analysis of the evolution of methods of budgetary planning of procurement activities in order to ensure its effectiveness. We determined the advantages and identified the shortcomings of the program-target method of budgeting. They substantiated the urgent need for a flexible response to emerging problems in order to use alternative methods for implementing the principle of budgeting, focused on high results in the face of emerging threats to the national and economic security of the state.
Building sustainable agri-food value chains is an important challenge for a country's food security. The development of the dairy industry, as a general value chain, involves the creation of equal conditions for the functioning of all its links: the production, processing and sale of milk and dairy products. At the level of regional agro-industrial complex, value chains can be formed on the basis of agricultural holdings, a contract system, as well as horizontal and vertical cooperation. It is important to form a system of economic relations between business entities within the chains, including through state support measures, in such a way that the interests of each of them are equally taken into account.
The structure of the Russian farming community is dominated by small farms. However, only large farming formations are developing dynamically and effectively. To increase the profitability of small farms, it is important to take advantage of the competitive advantages that they have. The structure of the land of such farms is objectively dominated by forage crops, which ensures the preservation of the fertility of the land and guarantees the supply of sufficient organic matter and essential nutrients to the soil. Currently, these lands do not need a large amount of mineral fertilizers and expensive chemical plant protection products. The land of small farms, due to the ecological purity of the soil, is most suitable for growing organic products. Therefore, the agricultural lands that they own can be considered as sites for the production of organic products. The article provides a detailed analysis of changes in the organizational structure of the farming community and suggests ways to diversify production in small farms based on the reorientation of their activities to the production of organic products.
The most important changes in the dynamics of international trade in agricultural products and food of the first two decades of the XXI century are considered – changes in its volume, commodity and geographical structure, the conjuncture of the world food market, as well as forecasts of international organizations on the development of world trade in the segment of food and agricultural raw materials, Russia's participation in this form of international economic relations. World trade in agricultural products has more than tripled in the last 20 years. The increase in the world's population remains the main factor in the growth of agricultural trade, although the dynamics of consumption and projected trends vary depending on the level of development of individual countries. According to the OECD-FAO forecast, the main share of additional demand for food in the next ten years will fall on the countries of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. In the last decade, Russia has consolidated its position in the global food market. In 2021, it entered the top ten exporters with a share of 2.2%, and in the next decade it will remain the largest ex-porter of wheat: it will account for 22% of world wheat exports. The article examines the commodity structure of trade in the next ten years and the dynamics of price changes for the main types of ag ricultural products.
Currently, in many countries, especially economically developed ones, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, including through a balanced diet, is an integral part of public policy. First of all, this is due to concerns about the growth of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and problems with the cardiovascular system among the population. In order to solve this issue, in particular, food products (functional food products - FPP) with specified properties are being developed and produced by adding various biologically active compounds. The production of FPP is steadily growing on a global scale. In 2022, the volume of the global FPP market amounted to more than 300 billion US dollars in monetary terms. Among the countries with a fairly large market for these products are the USA and Japan, which are leaders in this field, as well as the Republic of Korea, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. In economically developed countries, much attention is paid to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and nutri-tion, the state, as a rule, supports the development, production and promotion of FPP to the market. In Russia, not enough attention has been paid to the issues of healthy nutrition, although in recent years work in this direction has been increasingly active. The country adopted the "Strategy for improving the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030", in accordance with which the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the "Strategy for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases for the period up to 2025. The popularity and demand for FPP among the population is gradually growing, which stimulates the development of this segment of the food market.