The article shows the influence of the organization's pricing policy on the efficiency of potato production and sale. The paper provides an economic assessment of potato producer prices and profitability, as well as a justification for the economically necessary profitability of potato production and sale in the context of a large range of potato producer sales prices in the regional context and declining producer price indices. The study provides a toolkit for calculating the components of the economically necessary profitability of potato production, which will make it possible to more effectively justify the selling price and, in this regard, determine the directions for its increase.
The article is devoted to topical issues of scientific and technical support for the Russian agro-industrial complex with an emphasis on defining innovation and investment priorities. The article structures five historical stages of innovative development (from traditional targeted to suprasystem approaches), and also suggests strategic directions for modernizing the agro-industrial complex: technical re-equipment, digitalization, improving the efficiency of agricultural science and the formation of human capital. Special attention is paid to government support, including subsidies, the creation of innovation clusters and the development of intellectual property protection tools. The need to consolidate the efforts of the state, science and business to overcome technological dependence, strengthen competitiveness in global markets and transition to a sustainable innovative development model is emphasized.
The study aims to identify the development directions of the Russian fisheries sector. It analyzes the current state and trends in Russian fishing and fish farming, considering the global fisheries industry, as well as global climatic, economic, and social transformations. The study identifies prerequisites and limiting factors affecting the development of the extractive sector and aquaculture. Special attention is given to the economic performance indicators of fishing and fish farming. This comparison aims to determine the reasons restraining the growth of aquaculture in Russia. The findings suggest that accelerating the development of aquaculture in Russia can be achieved by enhancing the professional competencies of fish-farming entrepreneurs, stimulating investment activity in fish farming, and creating favorable conditions for the establishment of fish farms within small businesses.
The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global energy sector over the past 10 years. The analysis revealed trends in its development and features of its functioning in terms of the main types of fuel and energy generation technologies. Particular attention is paid to renewable energy sources. The characteristics of the main trends in the development of alternative energy are given in relation to regions of the world and major countries. The conclusion is substantiated that in recent years, alternative energy has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, covering a significant amount of the increase in global demand for electricity. The main advantages and disadvantages, as well as limitations of the use of certain types of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal energy, are described. A comparative assessment of the cost of electricity generation from different sources is given. It also provides results from an analysis of the cost of capital for solar and wind power generation technologies, which act as a major factor determining the cost of electricity for buyers. The positive impact of the use of renewable energy sources on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, increasing energy security and energy efficiency, improving the environmental situation and creating new jobs is noted. The prospects for a gradual reduction in the share of fossil fuels for electricity generation and an increase in the contribution of alternative energy in the fight against climate change and rising electricity prices are analyzed.
Russia is a country with a large geographical extent from west to east and from south to north, which causes great difficulties in providing the population with food products and the industry with raw materials. This factor requires additional costs and special attention to the storage and safety of goods during the delivery of products, raw materials and food from the places of production to the end consumer. To reduce logistics costs and maintain the freshness of products, it is necessary to improve the supply chain of products, raw materials and food at each link, and develop the logistics infrastructure. To ensure effective marketing of agricultural products, increase their marketability by creating conditions for their seasonal storage and processing, it is necessary to form a network of wholesale distribution and production and logistics centers in Russia. Many wholesale markets and shopping centers, united in a trade and logistics infrastructure that guarantees the distribution of fresh products, are successfully represented and operate in European agri-food markets. The accumulated foreign experience will be useful for the national agri-food market.
In the context of global instability and sanctions pressure on Russia, ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country's agro-industrial complex (AIC) is becoming a critical task. The relevance of the study is due to the high dependence of key sectors of the Russian AIC on the import of technologies, equipment and raw materials, as well as the risks associated with their export orientation. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the technological sovereignty of the AIC based on the analysis of production chains and quantitative accounting of import-export dependencies. The object of the study is the types of economic activity of the Russian AIC, their interrelations and the degree of involvement in global value chains. The methods include the analysis of input-output tables, the construction of graph models of industry interactions and the calculation of sovereignty indices taking into account direct and indirect effects. As a result, the most vulnerable production and technological areas of the AIC were identified, such as seed production, agricultural machinery (import dependence) and fertilizer production (export orientation). A methodology for assessing the sustainability of activities that take into account the influence of related sectors of the agro-industrial complex is proposed. An assessment of sovereignty using this methodology was carried out, which, according to the calculation results, was 58.6% for the activity "Grain and leguminous crops", 88.8% for "Meat and poultry", 16.5% for "Fertilizers and nitrogen compounds", and 28.4 percent for "Pesticides and other agrochemical products". It is shown that traditional assessment methods underestimate the cascading effects of supply gaps. This methodology allows assessing the level of sovereignty for individual activities, formulating targeted measures for import substitution, optimizing production chains, and reducing the risks of sanctions pressure.
Представленная статья посвящена исследованию особенностей реализации государственной поддержки производства и использования минеральных удобрений в России. Дается характеристика основных инструментов прямой и косвенной поддержки. Отмечается тот фак, что основу российской системы государственной поддержки использования минеральных удобрений аграриями составляют программы льготного кредитования приобретения материально-технических ресурсов, включая удобрения. Наряду с этим популярность получили такие инструменты, как региональные субсидии аграриям на приобретение и использование удобрений, применение экспортных квот. Отдельное внимание уделено рассмотрению направлений государственной поддержки производителей минеральных удобрений в виде специальных инвестиционных контрактов, корпоративных программ повышения конкурентоспособности, соглашений о защите и поощрении капиталовложений. Обосновывается вывод о значении такой поддержки в качестве обеспечивающего устойчивое развитие сельского хозяйства фактора.
The article contains an analytical review, which is compiled annually by specialists and experts from BEFL LLC and scientists from the FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH, which presents a rating of the largest owners of agricultural land in Russia as of the beginning of the 2025 marketing year. The presented analysis of the agricultural land market was carried out solely for the purpose of identifying the largest landowners of agricultural land and the size of the land area under all types of their control. The economic and legal term "under control" used by us in the article in this case means ownership of agricultural land on the right of ownership, lease or use in any other right established by Russian legislation. In addition, we do not exclude that there are other owners of agricultural land in Russia who own or control land banks comparable to those listed in our article, but not included in this analytical review. To analyze this segment of the commodity market, we used public information available in the open press, disclosed by the owners of agricultural land themselves or shareholders, beneficiaries and their representatives. The trends in the Russian agricultural land market in 2022-2024 have become more obvious. They are influenced by both external and internal factors, as well as the regular increase in the key rate by the Central Bank of Russia, which led to an increase in the price of borrowed money from commercial banks, including an increase in prices for fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, new domestic and imported agricultural machinery and spare parts, which contributed to the further continuation of the trend of rising production costs and sales of both agricultural products in general and crop production in particular. In the analytical review of 2025 We have presented a rating that included 75 of the largest agricultural organizations with a total land bank of more than 19.0 million hectares, which is 0.5 million hectares more this year than in the 2024 marketing year. In the current 2025 rating, we have presented four new agricultural organizations, the total land bank of which amounted to more than 410 thousand hectares of agricultural land. In 2025 There have been changes in the composition of the first Top 10 owners of agricultural land in 2024, in particular, the bank of agricultural land in the Top 10 has grown by 699.0 thousand hectares over the past year, totaling 7.7 million hectares, and this replenishment was entirely due to the lands of agricultural organizations from the top five.
The analysis of the seed systems has been managed by using the example of African countries that are members of regional economic unions such as the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The role of seeds in ensuring food security and agricultural productivity on the African continent is highlighted. A multi-level structure of the seed system includes many elements: plant genetic resources, breeding programs, production, marketing and distribution, a regulatory framework, and quality control of products. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the specific features of seed systems as mechanisms through which farmers gain access to seed varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops. A modern classification of seed systems in the studied region is explored. It consists of three categories such as formal, informal and intermediate (“Quality Declared Seed” or the QDS system). The trajectories of interaction between formal and informal seed systems are identified along with options for farmers’ access to seeds. The key problems of the seed market faced by smallholder farmers in Africa are described. The issues concerning the state of genetic banks in African countries have been studied, which allowed for the identification of a concept for preserving biodiversity and genetic resources through the creation of community seed banks. These gene banks are considered as key participants in the integrated development of the seed sector. The uniqueness of the phenomenon of “community seed banks” lies in their function of preserving local biodiversity. Special attention is paid to regulation and harmonization of rules on production, storage and marketing of seeds. The interest in understanding African practices of regulating the seed industry, especially agricultural crops, is a cornerstone for building long-term Russian-African relations in agricultural science and promoting achievements of Russian plant breeding in partner African countries.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the dual effect of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of federal state information systems (FGIS). The paradox of modern digital transformation is considered: on the one hand, there is an increase in operational efficiency and transparency of processes, on the other, new risks and challenges arise, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural producers. The article analyzes in detail the key problems accompanying the implementation of FGIS: high integration costs, technical failures, cyber threats and regulatory risks. Special attention is paid to the financial vulnerability of agricultural enterprises in conditions of low profitability of the industry. The article proves that traditional approaches to risk management are becoming insufficient. insufficient in the digital age. Specific risk mitigation measures are proposed, including the development of industry standards for adaptation, the creation of reserve funds, and the development of IT risk insurance mechanisms. Special emphasis is placed on the need for an integrated approach combining the efforts of business, government and the scientific community article is of interest to managers of agricultural enterprises, IT specialists in the field of agricultural technologies, as well as to regulators and researchers dealing with the problems of the digital transformation of agriculture. The research results can be used to develop strategies for implementing digital solutions in agriculture, taking into account industry specifics and economic realities.