The growing need for food, instability in the global agri-food market are forcing each state to find all possible ways to solve the problem in order to better meet domestic needs for agricultural and food products. This also applies to Russia, despite the increase in food production necessary for domestic consumption and export, the problem of its availability, access, consumption and stability remains the most important for the country. The development of the agro-industrial complex, ensuring national food security is associated, in particular, with economic, technological, foreign policy risks that form internal and external threats. External factors that reduce the sustainability of food security include, in particular, the concentration and monopolization of the production and export of food products and agricultural raw materials; increasing demands on the quality of food products; the constant use of protection-ist measures by economically developed countries; increased competition for markets for agricultural and food products. Internal factors negatively affecting the provision of national food security are the instability of agricul-ture, the degradation of agricultural land, the low level of innovation activity, the insufficient pace of improving the living standards of the population, the increase in the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial products, the underdevelopment of infrastructure and logistics.
The modern agrarian economy, especially taking into account the challenges of an unfriendly environment and the implementation of tasks for accelerated import substitution and achieving the parameters of food and technological sovereignty, requires improving the mechanisms of professional mobility of workers, saturating them with knowledge, skills and abilities. The development of new technologies is accompanied by rapid changes in production, economy and social sphere, and entails the need for new professional competencies. Citizens who have a professional education, but who want to constantly improve their skills or get new ones, are a key resource of the high-tech agro-industrial complex. A person for whom the development of new skills and knowledge is a need, for the agroindustrial complex becomes a condition for development. In this regard, the tasks of the branch system of additional professional education are updated.
The article is devoted to the issues of food security in the context of the functioning of the world market of agricultural products, raw materials and food. The authors of the study dynamics indicators of food security, in particular the proportion of the population experiencing a shortage of food in various regions of the world, considered the gender gap in the field of reducing hunger. Based on a study of the population suffering from acute and moderate food insecurity, the authors questioned the likelihood of meeting the indicators of fulfilling the obligation to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030.
The article examines the challenges for the integration of science and business, and also offers some tools aimed at building an effective communication system between the stakeholders of the agro-industrial complex. The relevance of the topic of integration of science and business in the agro-industrial complex is confirmed by a high request from the business community, which on December 7, 2022 initiated a meeting of the Committee for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in the Chamber of Commerce of Russia on the topic: «The state of scientific support of the agro-industrial complex and processing industry. What agricultural business needs from science».
The article is devoted to models, forms and mechanisms of public private partnership (hereinafter-PPP) in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy for the purposes of its accelerated industrialization. The experience of foreign countries in the implementation of PPP projects, in which mutually beneficial (partnership) relations are established for both business and the state, is considered. The analysis of projects was carried out taking into account the state and business in the country, according to the report of the "Center for the Development of Public-Private Partnership". The importance of PPP mechanisms in the transition of the agricultural sector of the country to the appropriate technological structure is shown. The possibilities of PPP in the agricultural sector are revealed: project financing, operational management experience, propensity for accelerated industrialization of agricultural production. It is noted that PPP has the potential to mobilize funds from various sources, distribute costs, risks and benefits among stakeholders, as well as reduce uncertainty based on formal and informal development institutions. The analysis of PPP mechanisms in the agricultural sector has shown that they are at the initial stage of development, which is due to the imperfection of legislation and high risks of investments in the agricultural sector. The article considers the main tools of PPP in the industrialization of the agricultural sector of the economy based on innova-tion, a classification of the most significant forms of its development is proposed. The model of interaction between the state and business under various PPP mechanisms is substantiated. The article proposes an algorithm for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy based on PPP mechanisms, in order to accelerate its industrialization.
The article is devoted to state support for the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to agricultural producers, which exists in Russia at the federal level. It provides a justification for the need to increase the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to them and shows the level of this provision at the present time. Such types of state support for providing agricultural producers with agricultural machinery and equipment at the feder-al level as preferential lending, reimbursement of part of the expenses for paying interest on loans, delivery under leasing agreements of agricultural machinery and equipment, subsidies for the implementation of projects for conducting hydroreclamation activities, unrelated support, exemption from transport tax of agricultural machinery and equipment and organization of their inter farm use. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the exist-ing state support for providing agricultural producers with agricultural machinery and equipment at the federal level, directions for improving such state support in Russia have been identified.
The effective development of grain production in Russia is of strategic importance due to the implementation of various programs in the country aimed at increasing exports of products and improving food security. The assessment of the economic efficiency of this type of production in certain regions is important from the standpoint of identifying weaknesses and developing measures aimed at increasing the profitability and profitability of this industry. To assess the efficiency of grain production, both cereals and legumes, it is necessary to take into account the influence of a number of factors that allow us to determine possible trends in the development of the industry. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the location of the production of cereals and legumes, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, the composition and structure of the cost of production, and price dynamics.
Over the past decade, Russia has made significant progress in increasing production volumes and creating high-tech zones for the production of agricultural products, increasing the competitiveness of individual sectors of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country's food security in the face of global challenges and foreign trade restrictions. In this aspect, the issues of the peculiarities of the location of agricultural sectors, the concentration and specialization of the production of certain types of agricultural products are of particular relevance. The food security of the country and regions is based on the concept of self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs and is assessed by the degree to which the population’s needs for basic food products are met, taking into account their own production, which can be achieved through of high-tech production of competitive and high-quality products. The objective need to assess the spatial differentiation of the production of certain types of agricultural products is directly related to the formation and development of specialized high-tech zones, the efficiency of using a combination of natural-geographical, organizational-economic, socio-demographic, environmental factors of production, since the rational distribution, specialization and concentration of agrarian production are one of the most important factors in the rational use of the totality of available resources.
The development of domestic dairy farming is directly related to the organization of an efficient milk processing system. At the same time, its most important direction is the production of hard cheeses, the production of certain types of which (for example, Parmesan) can be carried out for several years. Most of the cheeses presented in retail chains have the most mediocre characteristics, due to the mass production. The solution to this problem, based on the generalization of the best practices of countries with developed cheese making (Italy, Switzerland, France, etc.), can be the development of farm cheese factories using high-quality raw materials of their own production. In partic-ular, in this work, the technological and economic features of the production of hard cheeses, including experimental ones, were studied on the basis of LLC "Farm "Alexandrovskaya Sloboda" Konakovsky district of the Tver region. As a result of scientific research, a recipe was developed and an experimental hard cheese was produced with the addition of dark beer, which, due to partial chedderization and intensive lactic acid fermentation, was distinguished by an unusual pleasant taste and aroma. The release of this product provided an increase in the amount of profit received relative to the classic hard cheese by 30%, increasing the competitiveness and optimization of the economic activity of the cheese factory. Thus, expanding the range and improving the quality of products is the basis for the effective activity of the farm cheese making.
The article considers resources for increasing the productivity of agricultural production and aquatic biological resources. The methods and principles of digitalization of public administration processes in the field of the fishery complex are analyzed. The activity of the state in the field of agro-industrial and fishery complexes is analyzed. Foreign and domestic experience is considered, which allows to form a correct vision of the current situation of fishing opportunities in various fishery basins.