The Russian Federation is one of the ten largest pork producers in the world, while production volumes are constantly increasing, which allows maintaining minimum margins and makes this product the most popular among the population. At the same time, pig-breeding enterprises, as a rule, integrated with meat processing complexes, are forced to continuously search and develop new markets for their products. One of the most promising areas can be fully attributed to the production of sous vide products, which are in demand both among large customers working in the HoReCa segment and among ordinary consumers. In particular, within the framework of this work, the economic and technological aspects of the functioning of the sous vide food production shop on the basis of the Coral meat processing complex of the Tver Region were highlighted. The possibility of effective operation of the workshop with a level of profitability of production of 32.2% with the volume of output per shift (duration of 8 hours) equal to 3200 kg has been established. At the same time, there are significant opportunities both for adjusting the range of manufactured products and for increasing their output multiple times. In the future, as part of the development of this workshop, it is also planned to introduce a production site for ready-made second courses that require minimal culinary processing and are extremely in demand among catering enterprises.
The article considers organizational and economic approaches to the development of industrial seed production of oilseeds within the framework of the catch-up development paradigm. The high dependence of domestic crop production on foreign technologies in general and oilseeds (sunflower, soy) in particular was noted. The economic analysis of the existing model of breeding and seed production in the context of individual crops, as well as sunflower as the main oilseed crop, is carried out. The role and significance of the Subprogram for the development of breeding and seed production of oilseeds «Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030» as the main direction of the development of agricultural production in the country on an innovative basis is shown. The creation of a National selection and seed consortium by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia in order to provide sunflower seeds to the domestic selection of agricultural producers of the country is considered. Organizational and economic proposals have been developed to improve domestic breeding and industrial seed production of oilseeds, taking into account the current geopolitical situation.
The article describes an approach that simulates the management of the agro-food system of the region in the process of transition to a state of carbon neutrality. At the same time, the optimal parameters of its production structure from the point of view of socio-economic and environmental criteria are determined, the basis of which is the ratio of agricultural land, including arable land, pastures, fallows, perennial plantations, forests
Gardening is an important branch of agriculture, because the products produced here – fruits and berries – are a source of vitamins and many other nutrients that are useful and necessary for people's life and health. The purpose of the study was to assess the trends in the development of horticulture in Russia, to identify promising areas for the growth of its effectiveness. In the process of work, various general scientific methods were used: analytical, economic-statistical, mono-graphic and others. The study showed that the recommended annual medical needs of a Russian person in fruits and berries are met only by 80%, and at the expense of domestic production - only by 45 percent. These circumstances contributed to the development of directions of state support for increasing the area of planting gardens in Russia. As a result, the increase in the production of fruits and berries for 2018-2021 amounted to 19.5%. However, this increase turned out to be uneven across the forms of management and the territory of the country. The largest share in the production of fruits and berries still falls on households (64.1% in 2021). More than 30% of horticulture production falls on the Southern Federal District. Changing the situation requires an assessment of existing problems along the entire chain of the fruit and berry subcomplex of Russia: the material and technical support of specialized machines and equipment of economic entities is insufficient and inefficient, the production of planting material does not cover the existing need for it for commodity producers, the laying of new gardens is carried out without taking into account the technological features of fruit and berry crops cultivation, the low level of storage, processing, commodity refinement of manufactured products, the infrastructure of the market. The solution of these problems in a short time is possible only with the participation of state authorities at the federal, regional and municipal levels.
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the state of rural areas as a triune economic, socio-ecological subsystem of society, performing the production function of providing the country with agricultural products and a number of other important national functions. The conclusion is made about the discrepancy between the level of socio-economic development of rural areas and the environmental situation in rural areas to the requirements of ensuring food security and independence of Russia in modern geopolitical conditions and in the long term. The necessity of strengthening the legislative framework for the integrated, sustainable and dynamic development of rural areas, taking into account domestic and foreign experience, is substantiated. The practices of legislative regulation of the development of agriculture and rural territories in the USSR and the RSFSR on the eve of reforms and in the post-reform period, as well as in the USA, China, India, are dissected. The basic requirements for the nature and content of the Law are outlined.
The publication discusses the main problems of managing the development of rural infrastructure, which is the basis for ensuring the reproduction of human capital in agricultural production. The mechanisms of development of the infrastructure complex of the village differ from the life support systems located in cities, since they are not focused on meeting the large-scale demand for the services provided and do not have significant investment attractiveness. The growth of agricultural production does not lead to high rates of rural infrastructure development - this is confirmed by the statistical analysis done. The state is implementing a set of measures to support rural infrastructure development, but these measures need to be integrated with the efforts of industries located in rural areas. Currently, such integration is complicated by the lack of consideration in the agricultural production planning system of the role of social infrastructure for the reproduction of its labor potential and, moreover, human capital, which has a high level of knowledge and competencies, provoking the outflow of qualified personnel to other fields of activity. In order to use the potential of agricultural entrepreneurs in the processes of infrastructural growth, it is proposed to change approaches to planning production activities and take into account the conditions necessary for the reproduction of human capital as part of development plans. The description of the necessary conditions for the reproduction of human capital should become a criterion for the selection of development plans for the provision of state support. Entrepreneurs' understanding of the importance of modernization of rural infrastructure will make it possible to interest them in the development of territories and attract the resources available to them to solve the problems of infrastructure growth currently being implemented with the help of budget financing, which will significantly increase the effectiveness of the activities carried out.
The article considers the results of the authors' research on the construction of predictive models of the human resources potential of agriculture. It is substantiated that their use contributes to the identification of modern trends in dynamics, the adoption of scientifically based decisions on the optimal spatial development of territories and the use of the personnel potential of Russian agriculture
The problems of the development of small forms of farming in the agricultural sector are caused by insufficient financing of investments in the industry, which, in our opinion, is due to the poor elaboration of certain theoretical and practical issues, especially those devoted to investment attractiveness. This article focuses on the issues of investment attractiveness based on the institute of public-private partnership development. The approach of partnership between the state and small forms of agricultural business management on the basis of cooperation and attraction of investment resources through the issuance of regional securities is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the issues of involving unused or retired agricultural land in circulation on the basis of ensuring the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector.
Approaches to solving food security in the conditions of sanctions and embargoes are considered. Structural shifts in the development of agriculture are analyzed on the materials of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The directions are summarized and the potential for increasing the production of agricultural products in the assortment and by type in the food supply system is revealed. The role of various branches of animal husbandry of agricultural organizations in the production of livestock products, their specific weight and place in the formation of commodity food resources is investigated. Calculations of the volume of production of livestock products by agricultural organizations in the Republic of Bashkortostan by type in dynamics over the five-year period (2017-2021) are given.
As a result of the events of 2020–2022 and the introduction of mutual sanctions, the role of farming has increased as an essential part of the production structure of the agricultural industry of Russia and as a social group of significant importance for economic and social development and settlement of rural areas. At the same time, the role of farms both from the point of view of the economy and the social conditions they create in rural settlements has been little studied due to the lack of accessible financial reporting and the high labor intensity and complexity of field research. The existing official typology of farms and individual entrepreneurs is reduced to a legal classification according to the form of registration and the presence of assets (resources) in peasant (farmer) farms for conducting production activities – the area of farmland, the number of livestock, etc. These data allow us to distinguish large and small farms. But this is not enough to form a targeted policy and targeted support for the development of farming. The article is devoted to the analysis of indicators that can be used as the basis for the typology of farms in Russia.