India is one of the largest innovation-oriented economies in the world, with human capital being one of the country's most important resources. Agriculture plays a crucial role in India's economy, providing both food security and employment opportunities for a significant portion of the population. Currently, India's rural population is one of the youngest in the world, which determines the prospects for long-term growth of the country's agricultural sector due to an increase in the proportion of the working population, an increase in the level of education, rapid development of information technology and an increase in the number of highly qualified specialists among farmers. However, this potential can be realized if the Government of India implements structural reforms aimed at developing human capital, addressing unemployment, eliminating extreme poverty and other socio-demographic and economic problems. The article examines the main problems of human capital formation in India, reflects the most important areas of government measures to develop human resources in the agricultural sector of the country.
The article is devoted to the problems of customs and tariff regulation of wheat exports, the analysis of the effectiveness of the grain damper and the impact of its mechanisms on changes in domestic wheat prices. The study showed that the damping mechanism has very little effect on the behavior of domestic wheat prices. The reasons for the insufficiently effective operation of the damper are the lack of conditions in our country under which it can work effectively, namely, the presence of a competitive, unregulated grain market without trade barriers, and a stable exchange rate of the national currency. In addition, the instruments of state non-tariff regulation, which are actively working simultaneously with the damper, limit the field for the realization of its possibilities, exerting a more significant impact on the dynamics of domestic prices. The damper mechanism also does not provide grain producers with compensation for losses commensurate with losses from export duties. The expediency of using a damper requires additional justification. The damping mechanisms require more fine-tuning and revision of the base price parameters to prevent an unjustified increase in export customs duties. It is also necessary to increase the amount of compensation for losses to grain producers from the funds received from the levied dampening export duties in order to prevent further reduction in profitability of production. It is also necessary to provide exporters with timely, transparent information on tariffs, which would reduce the price risks of option, futures and forward export contracts.
The article examines the problem of activating the innovative activity of small forms of agricultural entrepreneurship in conditions of high capital prices due to the policy pursued by the Russian financial mega-regulator of an inflated key rate in recent years. As a result of this policy, there is a slight slowdown in the rate of expansion of agricultural areas and an increase in the number of farm animals in all forms of management, and a decrease is recorded for many of them in 2022-2024. The study revealed a lag in the pace of implementation of innovative technologies by small agricultural businesses (agricultural organizations and peasant (farming) farms), especially in crop production, with a relatively significant share of these forms of management in the production of basic products. As a comparison of data with medium-sized and large agricultural organizations shows, the share of small businesses in introducing innovations, including technological ones, is two to three times lower, which is a consequence, in our opinion, of the more limited financial capabilities of this group of producers to finance investments in advanced technologies, including digital ones. In the context of increased investments in agricultural technologies by foreign countries, the lag of Russian producers of agricultural raw materials and agricultural products may negatively affect the food security of our country. To overcome the current situation, it is proposed to form a unified investment and innovation system for the development of both small agricultural businesses and the agro-industrial complex as a whole.
The article provides a critical analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovation activities. Universal and specialized assessment methods for horticulture and nursery breeding are considered. The lack of scientific and methodological unity in the choice of a key indicator or indicators has been revealed. The paper describes methods for calculating the economic benefits from the use of scientific and innovative products, including the profit advantage method, the yield advantage method, the price advantage method, the cost advantage method and the volume advantage method. Proposals have been made to improve the profit advantage method by clarifying the calculation of the annual economic benefit from the use of scientific products, allowing us to formalize the calculation of the influence of a larger number of factors - six instead of three - by highlighting the factors of marketability of fruit and berry products, the area of fruit and berry plantations, as well as the profit taxation factor. Scientific and theoretical development is also given to the application of the method of advantage in volume of production due to the expansion of the two-factor model of gross harvest of fruit and berry products to three- and four-factor models. In the three-factor model, the yield factor is divided into factors of the specific weight of the area of fruit and berry plantations of fruiting age in the total area and the yield factor of plantations of fruiting age (according to the total gross harvest). In the four-factor model of the gross harvest of fruit and berry products, the factors of the ratio of the total gross harvest to the gross harvest from fruit and berry plantations of fruiting age, as well as the factor of the yield of plantations of fruiting age according to the gross harvest from areas of fruiting age, are highlighted. The article may be of interest both to people researching scientific and methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activities, and to employees of horticultural organizations who are engaged in improving their operational performance.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and assessment of the prospects for the development of the use of alternative energy sources in logistics. An overview of the use of such energy generation technologies as cogeneration units, solar panels, wind and biogas plants, geothermal heat pumps in storage facilities, warehouses, cargo terminals, ports is given. An assessment of the features of each of these technologies is carried out, indicating the main advantages and limitations. The main effects of their implementation are analyzed and practical examples of application in Russia and the world are presented. The conclusion is substantiated that the active use of alternative energy at logistics infrastructure facilities is constrained by the high capital intensity of the relevant projects and long payback periods, limited use of solar, wind, geothermal and bioenergy in certain regions, skepticism on the part of business representatives, the lack of comprehensive government support programs, underdevelopment of the relevant infrastructure and the presence of regulatory restrictions.
The article focuses on the problems of finding the main directions for the implementation of agrarian policy in the field of logistical support for agriculture in a new geopolitical environment. The main areas of logistical support for agriculture in the implementation of agricultural policy in Russia are graphically presented. An assessment of the cost structure for basic production in the context of material and technical support of agricultural organizations is given. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the fleet of the main types of machinery in agricultural organizations is presented, while simultaneously assessing the dynamics of average prices for certain types of agricultural machinery. Dynamic changes in retail prices for basic fuels in Russia have been identified, as well as an analysis of the state of production of mineral fertilizers and the dynamics of changes in their application for crops in agricultural organizations, while assessing trends in prices for mineral fertilizers. The analysis of the dynamics of prices for plant and animal protection products, prices for feed for farm animals, as well as an assessment of the level of self-sufficiency in seeds for certain types of crops was carried out. In addition, the existing measures of state support in the field of logistical support for agriculture in the implementation of agricultural policy in Russia are graphically presented.
This article evaluates the degree of influence of prices on the balance sheets of basic foodstuffs in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and on the efficiency of agricultural and food production. The paper uses a methodological approach combining the method of economic and mathematical modeling, the balance method, methods of economic coefficients and grouping. As a result of the study, it was found that the price factor significantly reduces the degree of balanced food supply for meat from 95,4 to 60,7% (-34,7%), milk from 85,8 to 58,1% (-27,7%) and potatoes from 206,6 to 112,6% (-94%), at the same time due to the significant import dependence of the food market of the district. For vegetables, there is an increase in the balance of this type of product from 67,3% to 88,5% (+21,2%). It has been revealed that irrational interregional food flows significantly affect the food balance, in which food produced in the regions of the Siberian Federal District is exported outside their borders, and imported volumes of similar food products are already used to feed the population, which leads to the loss of a part of their own food market by regional agricultural producers and generates the so-called "lost profits". The calculations have shown that due to irrational interregional food flows, farmers in the Siberian Federal District annually receive less than 198 billion rubles in profit. The data obtained during the study indicate the need to increase the role of state agribusiness management bodies in organizing control over interregional (including export-import) food exchange and optimizing these activities.
The growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly packaging solutions is driving the expansion of the packaging market. Flexible packaging is an alternative to traditional rigid packaging. In addition, the growing desire for convenience and mobility has led to a surge in the use of flexible packaging in various industries, including the food and beverage industries. Among the factors that have a positive effect on the dynamics of the flexible packaging market are the development of the e-commerce segment, the trend towards substituting tin and glass containers, the growth of food delivery volumes and the increase in disposable income of the population. Regulatory measures for the use of polymer packaging are restraining.
The article examines modern IT solutions used in logistics centers in different countries of the world, analyzes the dynamics of digitalization and robotics in Russia in general and in agrologistics in particular, as well as compares the pace of development with the world leaders in this field: the United States and China. Special attention is paid to the shortcomings and problems that hinder the successful implementation of modern IT technologies in agriculture in our country, and an optimistic and pessimistic forecast of logistics development for Russia is made.
The research is devoted to the study of the value of agricultural land resources as an economic category in the modern world. The signs of attribution of such land resources to valuable resources in the process of economic and other activities are shown. The basic human needs have been identified, which make it possible to judge the functions of land resources in a market economy. The criteria and indicators characterizing the economic, ecological, social and spatial value of agricultural land resources have been established. The characteristic of productive agricultural lands classified by the subjects of Russia as particularly valuable resources is given. The data on the area of such lands and their share in the total area of the subject are given. A justification is given for the non-expediency of attributing the cadastral value as a criterion for allocating particularly valuable lands. Only the qualitative characteristics of agricultural land can indicate the level of their value in agricultural production. The recommended list of soil quality indicators is given, which are recommended to be used to isolate especially valuable lands from valuable land resources. In the regions of Russia with less valuable agricultural lands, the largest outflow of rural population to cities has been observed since 1990 to the present.