The article is devoted to the issues of price regulation for agricultural products in the context of global challenges and threats. The study analyzes foreign experience in regulating prices for agricultural products, identifies key trends and factors influencing the pricing process, and substantiates the need for state regulation of prices in crisis conditions. In market economy, direct price regulation occurs in rare cases. In market economies, direct price regulation occurs in rare cases. Indirect price regulation is an optimal mode of smoothing out stable price surges compared to direct regulation. Indirect price regulation is an optimal mode of smoothing out persistent price surges compared to direct regulation. In the short term it may be effective, but in the long term it carries the risk of reduced competition and negative consequences for the national economy. Fluctuations in food prices constrain the flow of investment needed to develop agriculture, as increased financial risks and uncertainty reduce the activity of producers and trade organizations. Price volatility and the growth of price imbalances confirm the need to develop appropriate mechanisms for their regulation, which should be aimed at the long-term balanced development of the agro-industrial complex, and above all, agriculture. Government regulation is necessary to stabilize food prices and prevent sharp price hikes in order to avoid further aggravation of social inequality and to ensure stability in the economy.
Intensive development of agricultural raw materials and food exports in the Russian Federation is one of the most important aspects of the country's agrarian and foreign economic policy, which contributes to improving the quality of domestic agro-food products, expanding markets for agricultural products, strengthening geopolitical influence and improving Russia's balance of payments. An important tool in solving the problems of expanding exports at all levels of agro-industrial production management, including at the micro level, is the development of export strategies. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the methodological aspects of strategic planning for small and medium-sized agribusiness enterprises starting export activities. In the course of the study, the methods of deduction and induction, monographic, comparative analysis, calculation and constructive, and the method of sensitivity analysis of project efficiency criteria were used. The paper substantiates the possibilities of using an incremental approach to the step-by-step development of strategic planning by novice exporters; characterizes the distinctive features of an export project and export strategy; proposes a procedure for developing an export project for an enterprise belonging to the small and medium agribusiness segment; Individual stages of the specified procedure were tested using the example of planning deliveries of food products to the external market; a tool for analyzing the risks of export projects was proposed.
The article discusses the issues of price and pricing in the agro-industrial complex (AIC), and reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the investment component in the price of AIC products. The article raises the question of the possibility of including elements of state regulation in the pricing processes, given the dominance of the liberal concept of a market-based economy in the country's economic development policy. It is noted that in Russia, the relatively wide range of agricultural product prices, accompanied by their growth in both long-term and short-term time intervals, necessitates government intervention to ensure their stability, including the possibility of capital growth through investment, which is problematic in the context of high volatility and a wide range of prices. Based on the analysis of the main elements of the investment component in the price of agricultural products, it is concluded that the profit component prevails over other components. At the same time, the levels and boundaries of the investment component in the price of agricultural products in Russia are relatively lower when compared to other countries, which reflects a higher level of mechanization, automation, and robotization in other countries, accompanied by increased digitalization of business processes. In order to change the situation, it is proposed to use state regulation tools more widely in the agricultural sector, including through the State Intervention Fund and the formation of a specialized "compensation fund" to minimize the consequences of unfavorable market conditions.
The article raises the problem of using the territorial factor in the process of distributing federal budget funds to regions for state support of agriculture, arising from the need to link subsidies with the solution of strategic tasks in the field of ensuring physical and economic availability of products. The study is based on the provisions of theories of state regulation of the agrarian economy in market conditions and comparative advantages. Research methods: data analytics, statistical grouping of regions, comparative assessment, optimization of the structure based on conditional production. As a result of the study, a methodology for territorial planning of state support of agriculture to regions at the expense of the federal budget was developed. The distribution of subsidies is based on the comparative advantages of regions in the level of reproduction of producers' resources and the purchasing power of the population's income. The methodology takes into account the advantages achieved by regional producers in both components due to a decrease in the cost price and the price of a unit of output. Testing of the methodology in the context of groups of regions by the cadastral value of agricultural land showed that when implementing agrarian policy to form the physical availability of products, the comparative advantages of regions with average and less favorable natural and economic conditions are not fully used, and when forming the economic availability of products, the advantages of regions with the best and average operating conditions are poorly used. Distribution of subsidies based on the proposed methodology will improve the results of agricultural development in the field of food security. The methodology is useful for participants in territorial planning in the agro-industrial complex as a tool to support management decisions at the stage of strategizing the resource provision of target indicators.
The article is devoted to the formation of transaction costs in the agri-food sector and their impact on pricing processes. Transaction costs are associated with ensuring coordination between economic entities and resolving distributive conflicts. The need to study transaction costs in the agri-food market is caused by their rather high share in the total cost structure. This is due to the specifics of the agri-food market, which includes the large number of small market participants, seasonality of production, dependence on weather conditions and a high degree of uncertainty. Ignoring transaction costs leads to an incomplete and distorted assessment of the real cost of products, inefficient allocation of resources and missed opportunities to increase competitiveness, which reduces the efficiency of the agricultural sector and necessitates the development of measures to optimize processes. The article presents the main definitions of transaction costs. The authors have identified the factors influencing the formation of transaction costs in the agri-food market. It is emphasized that the existing methods of classifying transaction costs do not allow for the reliable assessment of them. In this regard, the authors have developed the methodological approach to their measurement and evaluation in the grain subcomplex. Using the proposed algorithm for estimating transaction costs, the authors carried out their empirical assessment. The article also suggests the typology of the observed transaction costs in the agri-food market. The authors analyze the factors determining the level of transaction costs, such as the institutional environment, information barriers, insufficient transparency of transactions, economic and geographical location and digital technologies. The authors propose the main directions for reducing transaction costs, including infrastructure development, insurance, integration, and the introduction of modern information technologies. The article notes the importance of taking into account transaction costs for the development of programs for the development of agri-food markets.
The article focuses on the regulatory and legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex infrastructure. Strategic documents defining long-term goals and priorities for the development of agriculture, including strategic guidelines for the development of agriculture and rural areas, are presented. The main national projects that determine the vectors of development of the agro-industrial complex and the national economy as a whole have been identified. A set of existing State programs and Federal projects in various areas affecting the development of agricultural industries has been identified. A critical analysis of government support measures in the field of development and logistical support of agricultural industries in Russia has been carried out in order to identify shortcomings in the implementation mechanisms and formulate specific proposals and recommendations for their improvement.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the technical equipment of Russia's agro-industrial complex as a key factor in ensuring national sovereignty and food security. The problems of equipment wear and tear, limited access to modern agricultural technologies, and dependence on imported equipment are considered. The article provides data on the implementation of digital solutions, such as agricultural drones, GPS systems, and Big Data. An international comparative analysis is conducted, and promising areas for technical modernization are identified. The article substantiates the need for the development of domestic agricultural machinery, digitalization, and personnel training. It is concluded that the systematic technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex is a strategic condition for the sustainable development of agriculture in Russia.
Logistics in agriculture is not only about forming a system for purchasing necessary resources and selling finished products. The creation of an effective supply system for all elements of production in conditions of industry specifics and market conditions allows agricultural organizations to maximize their production potential. The article proposes a model of a logistics system at the level of an agricultural organization, the specific feature of which is the allocation of 3 subsystems, differentiated by functional characteristics and continuously interacting with each other. Based on the experience of the economic activity of LLC "Luch", an algorithm for providing material and technical resources is proposed, which takes into account the current realities of the functioning of agricultural organizations and market conditions. A direct relationship has been revealed between the availability of a finished product storage system and competitiveness in the context of a grain market glut.
The article presents an assessment of the indicators of production and economic efficiency of the produced raw milk of the dairy industry of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The level of solving the problems of raw milk production is determined by the results of the work, therefore, the production indicators of the dairy industry are considered. They allow us to determine their change and interrelation in the conditions of all raw milk production technologies (without their separation) in the Republic of Bashkortostan for specific periods. Based on the results of studying the Doctrine of Food Security in the Russian Federation, the comprehensive program for the development of the dairy industry in the Republic of Bashkortostan until 2030, the purpose of the study and tasks have been determined. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the individual production and economic indicators selected for the study in dynamics and in interrelation. The study conducted an economic analysis of raw milk production indicators using elements of deductive and inductive methods. The possibilities of further development of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which will increase the volume of commercial milk, were also considered.
Institutional and economic interests of the subjects of land relations represent a significant element of research in terms of identifying their modes of operation and strategic objectives. Within the framework of the basic institutional foundation established at the national level, regions and municipalities exercise the delegated powers in practice, while simultaneously pursuing their own interests, which are shaped by territorial differentiation, the conditions of agricultural land use, and local land management policies. As a result, it has been established that the institutional interests of municipalities are implemented through the management of unclaimed land shares, the exercise of land control, as well as the reservation and withdrawal of land for municipal needs. Economic interests are manifested in the formation of the revenue base of local budgets through tax and non-tax revenues related to the use and disposal of agricultural land. Contradictions have been identified between institutional and economic interests, which determine their imbalance in the optimization of land relations at the given level. The identification of institutional and economic interests at the municipal level has made it possible to define the actual strategic directions of activity in the sphere of land relations, as well as the prospects for their development, taking into account the identified contradictions.