The article presents factual materials on the state of food supply in the region. It analyzes the theoretical aspects of food supply in the region in order to find an approach to conducting research, and it is established that there is currently no unified scientific and conceptual approach to defining regional food supply in the scientific literature. At the same time, according to the opinions of modern scientists, the choice of a method for determining regional food security is considered as the region's self-sufficiency in the overall system of national food security established by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree No. 20 dated January 21, 2020. A study was conducted to determine whether agricultural producers in the Penza region are capable of providing the local population with food products of appropriate quality, quantity, and variety. The results of the study revealed that agricultural producers in the Penza region are fully capable of not only meeting the demand of the local population in the field of animal husbandry, but also of exporting their products to other regions and covering regional needs with excess.
The article presents current issues of studying ecological and ecological-economic efficiency to improve the overall level of management and take measures to ensure the preservation and reproduction of the environment in the agro-industrial complex. In particular, the impact of man-made load on ecological systems and the directions of human interaction with wildlife. The article presents individual methodological approaches to determining ecological and economic efficiency in the agro-industrial complex, criteria and the corresponding system of indicators. The need for a set of measures to reproduce the main elements of ecosystems is substantiated, indicating sources of funding and their expected effectiveness at the regional level. The transition to a socially oriented regional economy largely depends on the introduction of state interests into the sphere of natural resource management, based on the economic interests of residents of rural areas, and only after this can the economic interests of business organizations come into play. Conducting calculation justifications for environmental and economic efficiency makes it possible to study possible risks and threats to economic activity and justify the necessary measures to minimize them.
The relevance of the study is driven by the acute shortage of qualified personnel in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Nizhny Novgorod region, which hinders technological modernization and reduces competitiveness. The article analyzes the structure of the interaction system between educational institutions and AIC enterprises as a tool for creating a “seamless” educational trajectory-from school to employment. The methodological basis includes comparative analysis, statistical observation, and graphical modeling. Key system participants (government bodies, educational institutions, enterprises, research institutes) are identified, along with their functions and coordination mechanisms. It is shown that interaction effectiveness is ensured through interdepartmental partnership, targeted funding (RUB 6.6 billion in 2024, 69% from the regional budget), and initiatives such as “agroclasses” (over 60 in the region). The share of graduates in the field “Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences” remains low (less than 4% of total graduates), confirming the need for enhanced career guidance and practice-oriented education. The findings can inform regional AIC human resource policy.
This article proposes and validates a systemic approach to managing the sustainable development of rural areas, based on the implementation of unmanned and robotic systems. It substantiates the need to transition from fragmented, qualitative assessments of project effectiveness to a verifiable toolkit for making economically sound decisions in strategic planning. The study aims to present a comprehensive methodology that enables "qualified customers," such as regional governance bodies, to formulate and evaluate long-term development strategies. The research is based on a "Scenario → KPI → TCO → Net Benefit" methodological framework, which operationalizes strategic goals through ontological analysis, project formalization using a "Scenario Passport," assessment of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) including risk costs (C_risk), and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The results of comparative modeling of three scenarios ("baseline," "infrastructural," and "comprehensive") demonstrate that maximum socio-economic return is achieved not through isolated investments but through the synergistic effect of a comprehensive strategy that combines the creation of new technological infrastructure with measures to support entrepreneurship. It is concluded that the proposed model is an effective tool for transitioning to a paradigm of data-driven governance, allowing for the verification and selection of optimal development trajectories for rural areas.
The article indicates the expediency of determining the status of village elders as state or municipal employees. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic mechanism and expediency of granting village elders the status of state and municipal employees. The present study was conducted by methods of analysis, synthesis, concretization and generalization. As a result, based on the available theoretical framework, the author formulated an economic mechanism for granting rural elders the status of the employees in question in relation to financial remuneration. Structures of financial incentives for village elders have been developed both in case of their recognition as civil servants and regarding their possible recognition as municipal employees. A comparative analysis of the economic mechanisms of the formation of material security for rural elders in terms of the status of state and municipal employees revealed significant differences in the socio-economic consequences of rural development. The author also proved the possibility of variability in determining the status of village elders in the system of state and municipal service. The results of this study can be used by the scientific community in conducting further scientific research in the field of stimulating the work of village elders, as well as in optimizing economic instruments in sectoral legislation affecting aspects of public and municipal service.
Rural tourism in Russia has significant but underutilized potential for the sustainable development of rural areas, economic diversification and the preservation of cultural heritage. Despite a 35% increase in the domestic tourist flow over the past five years, its share (3%) remains significantly lower than European figures. The sector's development is hampered by fragmented legislation, low interagency coordination, limited digitalization, and a lack of environmental incentives. The purpose of the study is to identify key barriers and prospects for government support and legislative regulation of rural tourism in Russia. The methodology includes a systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts (Federal Law No. 132-FZ, No. 318-FZ), statistics of grant programs (for example, Agrotourism), as well as a comparative analysis of international regulatory models (EU, USA, Asia). The results showed that despite an increase in funding (from 400 million to 850 million rubles in 2022-2025) and an increase in the number of projects (from 70 to 130), systemic problems remain: inconsistency in land legislation, weak integration of digital tools, and regional uneven development. The key findings emphasize the need to harmonize legislation, create a unified digital platform, strengthen interagency coordination, and implement environmental standards. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for optimizing government support aimed at increasing the competitiveness of Russian rural tourism.
The concept of labor potential is an economic category expressing production and economic relations and determined by the numerical composition of labor resources, gender and age structure, educational, qualification and intellectual level, possibilities of using qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the working-age population. Features of labor potential are manifested depending on the sphere of consideration: an individual, an enterprise (organization), an industry, a region, the country as a whole. Accordingly, the specificity of formation and development is also inherent in the labor potential of agriculture, as a strategic resource, the level of which depends on a number of conditions, including: results of the industry's functioning; size of investments; quality of life of the rural population; state of the social infrastructure of rural areas. Analysis of trends in the development of labor potential in agriculture in conjunction with the results achieved in the industry, the state of the social infrastructure of villages made it possible to determine measures to promote its increase.
Political and economic changes are occurring in commodity markets due to the imposition of economic sanctions, contrary to World Trade Organization rules. While all countries are deeply integrated into global systems of labor division and global agrifood markets, these changes have led to the Russian economy adopting a course toward import substitution. Russian leadership, under all conditions, demands a revision of the strategic development directions of economic sectors and a breakthrough in technological development through the creation of innovative, full-cycle production systems based on the use of inter-industry balances. Despite external and internal political and socioeconomic difficulties, the country's agro-industrial complex, with significant government support, has recently achieved sustainable growth momentum, ensuring food security according to the key indicators of the Russian Food Security Doctrine. Nevertheless, despite the positive results of the agro-industrial complex, many unresolved issues remain in the production of agricultural products, raw materials, and food, as well as in the provision of agricultural organizations with material and technical resources, including seeds, breeding livestock, and poultry. To address the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex, the state must adopt and develop a series of regulatory documents that would create the necessary conditions and incentives to activate agricultural businesses in financing full-cycle innovation development.
The article considers the innovative development of the agricultural sector of India, which determines the further direction of its development. The main directions and mechanisms of innovative activity in agriculture of India are considered, including the introduction of modern technologies, the development of scientific research and development, as well as measures of state support for the agricultural sector. Particular attention is paid to the role of international cooperation in the innovative development of the agricultural sector of India, including within the framework of interaction with the BRICS countries. The possibilities and prospects of cooperation in the field of exchange of experience and technologies, joint scientific research and development, as well as the implementation of joint projects in the agricultural sector are analyzed. Active innovative development of the agricultural sector contributes to the improvement of the economic situation within the country, given the availability of significant production resources and opportunities for the formation of export potential, India is capable of making a significant contribution to ensuring collective food security of the countries included in the BRICS association.
The article makes a retrospective quantitative analysis of the implementation of the law "On the development of agriculture", which showed the absence of a dynamically expanding agricultural sector with an abundance of regulatory regulation, worsening problems of access to credit resources, lack of innovation and investment, underfunding of social development of rural areas. The study outlines the main provisions justifying the need to develop and adopt the law "On the development of agriculture." In particular, under the influence of globalization and changes in the economic environment, there is a need to review and adapt the legislative framework in order to ensure the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. The law "On the development of the agro-industrial complex" should become the basis for responding to the challenges of the time and set a new vector in agricultural policy. This legislative initiative is designed not only to eliminate the contradictions and problems that have accumulated in previous years, but also to create the prerequisites for the integrated development of agriculture, increasing its competitiveness both domestically and abroad. The main purpose of the law is to create conditions under which every farmer can access the resources necessary to increase the productivity and efficiency of his farm, and food will become economically and physically accessible to all segments of the population. The introduction of this law presupposes the achievement of quantified goals over a certain period (5 years). This will become the basis for the growth of economic efficiency and general welfare in the agricultural sector. These changes create the basis not only for short-term acceleration, but also for long-term prosperity of agriculture, which makes it more adaptable to global challenges and changes.