The article analyzes the development of spiritual culture sites in the Penza Region. The purpose of the study is to determine the sphere of influence of cultural sites on the territorial development of the Penza Region. The study identified problems with the preservation of cultural heritage, including those caused by the negative demographic situation. Positive trends in the revival and use of cultural sites were also identified. The spheres of influence of spiritual culture on the territorial development of the Penza Region are determined. The historical development of the cultural life of the region is analyzed. A study of the socio-cultural influence in the region is conducted. Aspects of the influence of spiritual culture on the territorial development of the Penza Region are identified. The analysis revealed that spiritual culture sites have a positive impact on the economy. The study identified the main problems of the influence of spiritual culture on the territorial development of the Penza Region: low investment and infrastructural potential of the region, the lack of certified tourist guides, specialized public organizations in the tourism industry, a poor road network, and a shortage of qualified personnel. To solve these problems, an effective integrated approach is required, including the development of information systems, personnel training, and the involvement of young people in cultural trips. The study was supported by grant No. 25-28-20463 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-28-20463/.
The relevance of this study is due to the role of education in the formation of human capital of the agro-industrial complex. This study provides a brief description of the models for the implementation additional professional education. The study of data on formal education is based on publicly available information that allows us confidently classify educational institutions as specialized in the agro- industrial complex. The work studies the areas of training offered by existing educational organizations of additional professional education of the agro-industrial complex. The paper proposes the author's classification of the studied areas of training based on the criterion of the target orientation of educational programs. Based on the content of the names of the areas of training, it is concluded that the most common names of educational programs are aimed at meeting the demand for knowledge related to the activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. A justification of the established pattern is proposed, and a conclusion is made about the directed nature of the implementation of additional agricultural education with a delving into the specifics of the industry. Due to the significant role of development and the need to introduce modern technologies, special attention is paid to the study of areas of training in the field of digital and information technologies. The need to expand educational programs in these areas was noted.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of applying evolutionary economic theory to the study of the technological transformation of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The focus is on the key concepts of the evolutionary approach: technological trajectories and path-dependence. The aim of the work is to substantiate the relevance of the evolutionary apparatus for analyzing the specifics of technological changes in the agricultural sector, characterized by high inertia, capital intensity and dependence on external factors. The methodological basis was a systematic approach, comparative and retrospective analysis. As a result, specific manifestations of these concepts in the agro-industrial complex were identified and systematized: technological and institutional lock-ins, the phenomenon of import dependence, and cognitive conservatism of economic agents. A historical and economic analysis of the formation of evolutionary theory has been carried out, the classification of manifestations of path-dependence in the agricultural sector has been expanded, and directions for overcoming technological and institutional traps have been proposed. It is concluded that evolutionary economic theory, which explains the generation of diversity, selection mechanisms and institutional traps, provides an adequate conceptual framework for the development of regulatory mechanisms aimed at overcoming path-dependence and stimulating the transition of the agro-industrial complex to new technological trajectories.
The article examines domestic and international experience in government support for small-scale forms of farming as an important factor in the sustainable economic and environmental development of regions. The mechanisms and instruments of public policy aimed at stimulating the activities of peasant (farm) enterprises, individual entrepreneurs, and household farms are analyzed. Particular attention is given to assessing the impact of state support programs on social stability, employment, food security, and the environmental balance of rural areas. Based on comparative and case analysis, the most effective practices of government support have been identified—those that combine economic efficiency with environmental responsibility. The results of the study confirm that state support for small-scale farming contributes to strengthening regional economies, reducing territorial disparities, and promoting the adoption of sustainable, resource-saving technologies. The conclusions emphasize the need to improve mechanisms of government support in line with the principles of sustainable development and regional specificity.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the state and development of food consumption culture in Russia against the backdrop of contemporary socioeconomic challenges. The study addresses this issue in the context of Russia's Food Security Doctrine, highlighting the discrepancy between the population's actual dietary practices and rational norms. Food consumption culture in Russia is a dynamic process shaped by historical traditions, economic conditions, and global trends. It encompasses not only eating habits but also social practices that impact the nation's health and food security. Given the cooling food market (slowing demand and declining profitability for retailers and food producers), issues of declining purchasing power and shifts in consumer preferences are pressing. The study analyzes influencing factors including historical, economic, social, globalization, and digitalization. It identifies the reasons for the population's low awareness of nutritional standards and the decline in fruit and vegetable consumption despite a partial increase in the affordability of some food categories. A decline in the quality of domestic products is noted, necessitating government oversight and the development and implementation of digital platforms for transparency. The findings emphasize the need for government organizational measures, such as healthy eating promotion, educational programs, support for local production, and food labeling. The development of a consumer culture must balance tradition with innovation, ensuring national health and sustainability through informed choices.
This article analyzes the state of small agricultural businesses in the post-COVID-19 pandemic stage of global economic development using examples from several foreign countries. The countries examined primarily include those with a long history of small business development, neighboring countries bordering Russia, and member states of the BRICS+ community. Scientific definitions of small business are provided, as well as the specifics of defining small business in the agricultural sector. Criteria for classifying organizations as small businesses are presented, as well as the role and place of small businesses in the economy. Some specific aspects of establishing small business criteria and their distinctive characteristics are highlighted. The feasibility of comparing criteria for classifying organizations as small businesses globally is assessed.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of state support for the agro-industrial complex of the Russia. The study covers the period from 2014 to 2023 and is based on data from Rosstat and the Russian Ministry of Agriculture. The paper systematizes the main state programs and federal projects aimed at the development of agriculture. The dynamics of the volume of agricultural subsidies has been analyzed, which made it possible to identify an upward trend in the presence of short-term fluctuations in this indicator. A steady decline in the average annual number of employees in the agro-industrial complex over the period under review has been established. There has been a significant increase in exports of agricultural products, especially in 2020-2022. Using correlation and regression analysis, it was found that the value of agricultural exports has the greatest impact on the financial result of agricultural enterprises. The author's key recommendations for the development of agricultural production in the Russia include stimulating exports, increasing investment in fixed assets, and introducing modern technologies to increase labor productivity.
The article examines the process of transformation of state regulation of food systems in the context of modern geopolitical challenges and sanctions pressure. The conceptual foundations of the paradigmatic crisis of the world food systems caused by the accumulation of structural contradictions in the environmental, social and economic spheres are considered. The causes of the systemic crisis of food systems are analyzed, including demographic imbalances, climate change, depletion of natural resources, and the dominance of profit maximization. A conceptual model for the transformation of food systems is described, taking into account barriers, current challenges and directions of transformation. The international principles of sustainable development of food systems are systematized. The peculiarities of adapting these principles to Russian conditions, taking into account geopolitical challenges and national priorities of food security, are revealed. The article analyzes the changes in the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation in 2025, reflecting the evolution from a universal to a selective approach in international cooperation based on the criterion of a «constructive policy» of partners. Government regulatory measures aimed at adapting to sanctions are being considered, including the development of alternative trade routes, the creation of reserve funds and the use of flexible economic instruments. The recommendations on improving the state management of Russia's food systems are formulated, based on the integration of international experience with national specifics and requirements for ensuring food sovereignty in the context of geopolitical challenges.
The article is devoted to the analysis of price dynamics in the I and II spheres of agriculture in the regions of Russia. The study showed that in most cases, prices for manufactured goods for farmers are rising significantly faster than prices for agricultural products. The article presents the grouping of the country's subjects by the level of price ratios between the I and II spheres of agriculture. The author compared the exchange value of agricultural products produced (cattle, pigs, poultry, wheat) and purchased industrial means of production (mixed feed, diesel fuel), which allowed to establish that the regions leading in terms of production in the country are significantly differentiated in terms of price ratios. It was revealed that only in 1/3 of the total number of subjects of the country the ratio is at a fairly high level, the remaining 2/3 of subjects acquire fewer industrial means of production with the same sales volumes of agricultural products. The article reveals the main features of state regulation of prices and price relations in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in modern conditions. The author identifies key measures and mechanisms that have a direct and indirect impact on prices and price relations in the agro-industrial complex. The article also presents individual measures to equalize the price ratios between the I and II spheres of AIC.
The research examines the formation of price relations in Russian regions characterized by strong differentiation in price dynamics in the agro-industrial complex. The author presents and tests a methodological approach to assessing the influence of supply and demand factors on the parity of price relations in the agro-industrial complex. The approach consists of six stages, including the formation of a comprehensive system of indicators and the calculation of an integral indicator taking into account the ratio of price indices for agricultural products and indices characterizing other spheres of the agro-industrial complex. This approach made it possible to identify three clusters of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with different levels of parity of price relations, subdivided into regions with an agricultural and non-agricultural focus. The analysis allowed us to assess the influence of supply and demand factors on the parity of price relations in regions with different economic conditions. It was revealed that in clusters of regions with low and close to one parity coefficients, high demand for food contributes primarily to the development of the food industry and trade, where the bulk of household expenditures on food products was accumulated. In regions with relatively favorable conditions for agriculture in terms of price parity, high rates of price growth for agricultural products are explained by an excess of demand over supply. Agricultural enterprises are inefficient, and the sector's profitability is insufficient, which is not compensated for by government support measures. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the negative impact of price disparities on the financial condition of agricultural enterprises, which requires the implementation of a comprehensive price monitoring and management system. To improve agricultural efficiency, ensure food security, and ensure the sustainable and balanced development of the agro-industrial complex, it is recommended to improve government support measures aimed at increasing the supply of agricultural products through the introduction of innovative technologies that will reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve farmers' profitability.