The article explores the connection between the concepts of "human capital of rural areas" and "agriculture human capital The authors propose new criteria for categorizing human capital in agriculture, including the degree of attachment to rural areas, participation in agricultural production, potential use in agriculture, and level of skill development. The authors consider the concept of "localized human capital of the agro-industrial complex", suggesting that it should be understood as a part of the human capital of the agro-industrial complex, represented by workers engaged in labor activities in rural areas. The structure of agricultural human capital in the region depends on economic specialization: localized human capital will prevail in agricultural regions, while the share of localized agricultural human capital in highly urbanized and non-agricultural industrial regions will be low. Accordingly, approaches to the formation of human capital in the agro-industrial complex and, in particular, in agriculture should differ. The example of the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass is used to show the conditions that contribute to the development of human capital in agriculture in an industrial region, and to identify the key limitations to the formation and development of human in agriculture.
Assessing the effectiveness of scientific research is a complex and multifaceted task aimed at improving the efficiency of scientific research and the rational use of financial resources. This article analyzes approaches to criteria and methods for assessing scientific research, including those used internationally. The method for assessing scientific research based on costs is proposed. The theme of assessing the effectiveness of scientific research is new and has previously received little attention in Russian publications. The basic approaches described are planned to be used to develop a method for assessing the impact of scientific research.
The articlediscusses the issues of ensuring the economicsecurity of the mosteffectiveform of cooperation of agriculturalrelationssubjects’–agroholding. The paperidentifies the advantages of such an organizational and productionstructureas an agricultural holding, andoutlines the prospects for theirformationandexpansion. The risksandthreats of the production and tradingactivities of agriculturalenterprises are analyzed, aswell as opportunitiesandways to increase the efficiency of the agricultural industry.
The article analyzes the economic aspects of the development of agricultural sectors in Russia and the People's Republic of China for the period 2024-2026. In China, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, gross grain production in 2024 exceeded 706.5 million tons, which is 1.6% higher than in 2023, with a yield of 5,921 kilograms per hectare (+1.3 percent). Government programs are aimed at improving the quality, digitalization and modernization of agricultural production, as well as reducing dependence on imported raw materials. In Russia, despite the decline in production in the crop sector, there was an increase in meat, milk and poultry production (+2.1% in 2024), as well as positive production dynamics in the agro-industrial complex in January-September with an increase of 1.8% according to the production index. Nevertheless, the Russian sector still faces a shortage of personnel, logistical and climate risks, which reduces the pace of transformation and value-added. Both countries face the challenge of not only increasing volumes, but also increasing sustainability, efficiency and integrating value chains: China - strengthening the technological base, Russia - modernization, diversification and productivity improvement. An analytical comparative model has been built that demonstrates that a strategic focus on quality, infrastructure, and digital development is becoming more significant than the traditional expansion of production facilities. Based on the identified trends, recommendations are put forward: to strengthen targeted government financing, stimulate the introduction of highly productive technologies and create conditions for an integrated agro-industrial chain in 2025-2026. The agricultural sectors of both countries could not only increase their volumes, but also strengthen their contribution to the economy and food security.
This article offers a methodological approach to determining the economic efficiency of investments in the development of the industrial infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex. The mechanism is based on a three-stage methodological approach combining the balance method (as a way to determine the level of self-sufficiency of Siberian regions with basic foodstuffs, taking into account rational nutrition standards), the Pearson correlation method (which determines the interdependence of the main indicators characterizing the industrial infrastructure of the agroindustrial complex and indicators of food shortages) and the computational and constructive method (which allows to obtain the final economic data). As a result of the study, it was found that the priority development of the agricultural production infrastructure in the regions of Siberia requires the production of meat, milk and vegetables, while it is advisable to meet the needs of individual regions of the Siberian Federal District for chicken eggs, bread and potatoes through effective redistribution of these products within the district. The key drivers of production development and the most promising areas for investments in fixed assets of agriculture in the regions of the Siberian Federal District are the Irkutsk region in terms of increasing the production component of meat and vegetables and the Novosibirsk region in terms of increasing the production and processing of milk and dairy products. The data obtained during the study indicate the possibility of increasing the economic efficiency of investment activities in the agro-food complex of Siberia.
Customs and tariff regulation of the food market is a set of economic instruments, organizational measures and institutions to ensure the protection of the Russian market of agricultural products, raw materials and agricultural products in order to prevent unfair competition with foreign suppliers, as well as to encourage domestic producers to export their products to foreign markets and create a most-favored-nation export regime for them. The article discusses the issues of customs and tariff regulation in the agri-food market, which in general should create the necessary economic conditions to protect domestic producers from unfair competition, as well as to protect the domestic market of agricultural products and agricultural products from excessive price volatility in the global food market. In addition, the issues of digitalization of export-import operations are being considered.
Agricultural producers in the Russia operate in a variety of legal forms, ranging from large joint-stock companies to private farms. Each legal form has its own regulatory framework governing its activities and, consequently, its own specific methods for forming equity capital, assets, and liabilities. This directly impacts the balance sheet structure, which reveals not only the organization's financial position, its assets, and their sources, but also its liquidity, solvency, and financial stability. All of this determines the investment attractiveness of agricultural businesses. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of legal form on balance sheet structure. This article analyzes the asset and liability structure of balance sheets across the legal forms of enterprises in the Penza Region, revealing a direct correlation between legal form, asset composition, and asset sources. The results of this study may be useful to agricultural sector authorities in developing measures to enhance the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector.
The article analyzes the development of investment policy in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy. Agriculture is one of the fundamental sectors of the Russian Federation's economy and plays a crucial role in ensuring the country's food security, as well as creating jobs and stimulating exports. Despite significant achievements in agricultural policy, active support from private investors is needed to ensure long-term sustainable growth and development of the industry, which can significantly influence modernization and innovative transformations in the rural sector. Investments in agriculture occupy one of the most important places in the economic development of any country, including Russia. They play a key role in ensuring food security, increasing labor productivity, as well as the sustainability of rural areas in the country as a whole. In the context of global climate change, changing market conditions and the transformation of agricultural technologies, the issue of attracting investments is becoming particularly relevant. Such investments in the agricultural sector are the basis for the modernization of the entire agricultural sector. They stimulate its competitiveness and integration into global markets. In Russia, as in other countries, the process of attracting investment in agriculture faces a number of problems and challenges, including low levels of mechanization, insufficient infrastructure, and climate instability. These factors determine the relevance of this study The purpose of the article is to study the economic aspects of investing in agriculture. It is considered important to evaluate its effectiveness, as well as identify key problems and development prospects in the Russian economy as a whole.
The article is devoted to the problems of improving state regulation of price relations in the agro-industrial complex. The solution of these issues is of particular importance in the context of increasing price instability in the country's food market. The conducted research has shown that price regulation in the agro-industrial complex is fragmented and consists of individual measures and mechanisms that have a direct or indirect impact on consumer market prices. Systemic regulation mechanisms that are adequate to market conditions and can stabilize prices in the agro-industrial complex and protect consumers from unpredictable price increases have not yet been developed. Currently, it is necessary to increase the scope of direct government price regulation methods, which will help stabilize consumer prices in the short term. To stabilize prices in the long term, it is necessary to provide government support for the effective development of agricultural production.
This article examines the pricing situation in dairy farming under various investment support scenarios, using economic and mathematical modeling. The study's goals and objectives are achieved by comparing scenarios for increasing state support for milk production and consumer demand with a baseline scenario, which maintains the support mechanisms used in 2020-2022, across Russian regions. The authors examined 15 scenarios and selected the scenario that provides the highest level of state support for agricultural producers to increase their dairy cattle population (+50%) and the maximum increase in demand (+20%) as the most informative. The analysis revealed underutilized competitive advantages in the dairy industry in some federal subjects. It was found that state support has a definite impact on the price advantage of the dairy subsector in inter-industry competition within agriculture. A study of the spatial distribution of changes in milk producer prices revealed that the zone experiencing the greatest price increases due to state support measures envisaged under the scenario under consideration encompasses the southeast and south of European Russia, as well as the Omsk Region. The authors identified the following key trends: milk producer prices are not falling, but rather rising as state support aimed at increasing cow herds increases; the open market for milk and its processed products to imports effectively blocks incentives to increase domestic milk production through state support.